有害生物的定性与定量风险分析

本文从有害生物风险分析的历史及最新发展探讨了定性与定量有害生物风险分析的概念、关系及各自的优缺点，介绍了定量有害生物风险分析理论及其实施的过程、方法等，最后给出一个定量方法的实例：中国进口美国小麦的TCK风险分析。     

A Concept of Pest Risk Analysis

A pest risk analysis curve on a graph is used to present diagramatically 1) the concept of pest risk analysis, and 2) the interaction of biological, economical, social, and political factors with quarantine policies, regulations, or decisions. The culmination of these regulatory activities often leads to a decision about the entry status of a wide spectrum of imported “items”. While the concept pertains to animal as well as plant quarantine matters, this paper concentrates on plant quarantine. Most of the examples presented relate specifically to the pest risk associated with importing plants or plant parts for propagation. Some of the examples presented have wide application in international quarantine circles while others relate only to the United States. The method of illustrating pest risk analysis as a curve should be useful in effectively communicating quarantine philosophy, principles, policies, and decisions not only to the commercial, lay, and scientific public, but to plant quarantine officers. For within–house quarantine activities, the diagrams may be useful in training, explaining assignments or responsibilities to officers, determining priorities or planning budgets, and as a means for emphasizing the biological aspects of decisions about entry status of imported items.     

有害生物风险分析研究概述

随着世界各国间经济贸易往来的日益频繁,外来有害生物的危害也愈发严重。有害生物风险分析的开展有利于积极主动实施有害生物防控策略,保护我国农林生产、生态环境和人民健康安全,并促进对外经济贸易发展。本文概述了有害生物风险分析的基本内涵和近期国内外研究现状,对常用的有害生物风险分析研究方法进行了总结和归纳,并介绍了目前有害生物风险分析工作的研究进展。此外,本文提出了有害生物风险分析工作中存在的问题,并针对存在的问题进行了讨论。     

Work of the EPPO/IOBC Panel on biological control agents

EPPO started work on biological control agents (BCAs) in 1996, and the joint EPPO/IOBC Panel was established in 1997. The history of the Panel is provided and EPPO Standards developed by the Panel are described. These Standards are: PM 6/1 ‘First import of exotic biological control agents for research under contained conditions’, PM 6/2 ‘Import and release of non‐indigenous biological control agents’ and PM 6/3 ‘List of biological control agents widely used in the EPPO region’. The last of these has been annually updated as a ‘Positive List’ of BCAs for which EPPO recommends its member countries to use a simplified procedure for import and releases. EPPO activities in biological control have been focused on the safety aspects of the introduction of invertebrate BCAs. However, the scope of EPPO's work in this area is now under review, and a number of issues are being considered by the Working Party on Phytosanitary Regulations. These include the remit of the Panel and Standards in relation to micro‐organisms, the evaluation of potential environmental benefits as well as potential risks from releases and the potential for use of BCAs against regulated pests and those recommended for regulation.     

林木害虫刺桐姬小蜂风险分析

刺桐姬小蜂（Quadrastichus erythrinael Kim）是我国大陆新发现的有害生物，根据刺桐姬小蜂的国内分布状况、潜在经济危害性、寄主植物的经济重要性、传播扩散的可能性和危险性管理难度等方面对其进行了风险分析，结果表明刺桐姬小蜂为我国风险中度偏高的有害生物。作者提出了检疫管理及除治措施。     

加强有害生物风险分析提高检疫决策的科学水平

有害生物风险分析（ＰＲＡ） 是检疫决策的重要手段,已受到世界各国重视。开展ＰＲＡ 要遵从特定的程序,进行科学的系统分析。随着我国加入世贸组织步伐的加快,我们必须进一步加强ＰＲＡ 工作。     

进境木材的有害生物幼虫截获风险分析

[目的]我国每年进口大量木材,引起了外来有害生物的传入,其中包含种类繁多的检疫性有害生物幼虫,由于形态特征不明显,难以准确鉴定,增加了我国口岸进境木材的疫情防控压力.摸清由进境木材截获的有害生物幼虫的发生危害特点,并对检疫鉴定手段进行分析,可对进境木材的检疫工作提供参考,有效降低外来有害生物的传入风险.[方法]通过对全...