共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 168 毫秒
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高致病性禽流感及其病毒的分子生物学特性 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
笔者对1959-2005年46年内全世界高致病性禽流感的发生情况,以及病毒的基因和编码蛋白、病毒宿主特异性和病毒致病性的分子生物学基础进行了综述。旨在为防制高致病性禽流感提供资料参考。 相似文献
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为明确浙江省高致病性禽流感(HPAI)发生的风险水平,我们开展了相关风险因子调查和分析工作.本研究将风险因子等级分为高、较高、中和低4个风险等级,对母源抗体、免疫抗体、家禽密度、饲养设施、禽类混养、饲养场地理位置、水禽和迁徙鸟、活禽市场等风险因子进行了定量评估.通过权重赋值评估浙江省发生的HPAI的风险水平为0.66875,判定为中等,提示浙江省发生禽流感疫情的可能性时刻存在.通过风险因子分析,发现了高致病禽流感防控工作中存在的薄弱环节,明确今后工作的重点,为浙江省HPAI管理和决策提供了依据. 相似文献
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Koichiro GAMOH Mari NAKAMIZO Masatoshi OKAMATSU Yoshihiro SAKODA Hiroshi KIDA Shoko SUZUKI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(1):139-142
H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have spread worldwide, andantigenic variants of different clades have been selected. In this study, the nationalstockpiled vaccine prepared from A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-1/2004 (H5N1) strain was evaluatedfor the protective efficacy against H5N8 HPAI virus isolated in Kumamoto prefecture,Japan, in April 2014. In the challenge test, all of the vaccinated chickens survivedwithout showing any clinical signs and reduced virus shedding. It was concluded that thepresent stockpiled vaccine was effective against the H5N8 HPAI virus. 相似文献
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Byung-Min Song Hyun-Mi Kang Eun-Kyoung Lee Jipseol Jeong Yeojin Kang Hee-Soo Lee Youn-Jeong Lee 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2015,16(2):237-240
In 2014, two genetically distinct H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses were isolated from poultry and wild birds in Korea. The intravenous pathogenicity indices for the two representative viruses were both 3.0. Mortality of chickens intranasally inoculated with the two H5N8 viruses was 100% with a mean death times of 2.5 and 4.5 days. Mortality rates of the contact groups for the two H5N8 viruses were 33.3% and 66.6%. Our study showed that transmissibility of the novel H5N8 viruses was different from that of previously identified H5N1 HPAI viruses, possibly due to genetic changes. 相似文献
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2017年,全球共有57个国家和地区报告发生1 860起高致病性禽流感疫情,涉及易感禽约2 000万只,导致280多万只禽发病,210多万只死亡,1 200多万只被销毁。从空间分布看,欧洲疫情国家数量最多,共有29个国家报告疫情,其次是亚洲,共有18个国家和地区报告疫情;从时间分布看,1—3月份报告疫情数最多,占77.6%(1 444/1 860),其他月份报告疫情数较少,每月不足70起;从流行毒株亚型看,涉及H5N1、H5N2、H5N5、H5N6、H5N8、H7N3和H7N9等多个亚型,其中H5N8亚型引发的疫情数最多,占83.0%(1 544/1 860);从群间分布看,感染禽类涉及鸡、鸭、鹅、火鸡和鹌鹑等5种家养禽类以及38种野生禽类,疫点涉及规模场、散养场、公园、村庄、森林、动物园、屠宰场、市场等多个场点。总的来说,与前几年相比,2017年全球高致病性禽流感疫情更为严重:疫情分布较广,且欧洲最严重;感染禽类众多,涉及多种家禽和野禽;流行毒株复杂,疫情流行面广,具有明显的季节性特征。分析表明,全球禽流感流行形势更加严峻复杂,需要进一步加强监测和防控。 相似文献
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为探讨γ干扰素(IFN-γ)基因-316A/G SNP对云南地方鸡品种武定鸡接种H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感(HPAI)灭活疫苗效果的影响,随机选取100只同日龄母源抗体阴性的武定鸡,应用PCR结合DNA测序确定其IFN-γ基因-316A/G SNP分布状况,同时应用血凝抑制试验(HI)测定免疫前和再次免疫后血浆特异抗体水平,随后采用卡方检验总样本基因型频率是否处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡,并采用最小二乘分析检查基因型组间抗体水平差异。结果发现,该试验样本符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P0.05),并且存在随着A取代G抗体水平呈逐渐升高的趋势,即与GG基因型(n=20,7.90±0.343)相比,AG基因型(n=56,8.62±0.205)的抗体水平升高不显著(P0.05),但AA基因型(n=24,9.04±0.313)的抗体水平升高显著(P=0.01570.05)。结果表明,IFN-γ基因-316A/G SNP与武定鸡HPAI特异性抗体应答水平存在关联性,这对培育AA基因型抗病品系和制定合理的HPAI免疫程序具有积极的指导意义。 相似文献
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T. D. Phan D. C. Dao T. T. Nguyen B. D. Truong X. N. T. Nguyen T. D. Vu K. V. Nguyen H. T. Le G. Salem M. Peyre 《Zoonoses and public health》2016,63(2):112-128
Economic evaluations are critical for the assessment of the efficiency and sustainability of animal health surveillance systems and the improvement of their efficiency. Methods identifying and quantifying costs and benefits incurred by public and private actors of passive surveillance systems (i.e. actors of veterinary authorities and private actors who may report clinical signs) are needed. This study presents the evaluation of perceived costs and benefits of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) passive surveillance in Vietnam. Surveys based on participatory epidemiology methods were conducted in three provinces in Vietnam to collect data on costs and benefits resulting from the reporting of HPAI suspicions to veterinary authorities. A quantitative tool based on stated preference methods and participatory techniques was developed and applied to assess the non‐monetary costs and benefits. The study showed that poultry farmers are facing several options regarding the management of HPAI suspicions, besides reporting the following: treatment, sale or destruction of animals. The option of reporting was associated with uncertain outcome and transaction costs. Besides, actors anticipated the release of health information to cause a drop of markets prices. This cost was relevant at all levels, including farmers, veterinary authorities and private actors of the upstream sector (feed, chicks and medicine supply). One benefit associated with passive surveillance was the intervention of public services to clean farms and the environment to limit the disease spread. Private actors of the poultry sector valued information on HPAI suspicions (perceived as a non‐monetary benefit) which was mainly obtained from other private actors and media. 相似文献
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Michela Rigoni Anna Toffan Elisabetta Viale Marzia Mancin Filippo Cilloni Elena Bertoli Angela Salomoni Sabrina Marciano Adelaide Milani Bianca Zecchin Ilaria Capua Giovanni Cattoli 《Veterinary research》2010,41(5)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5 and H7 subtype pose a major public health threat due to their capacity to cross the species barrier and infect mammals, for example dogs, cats and humans. In the present study we tested the capacity of selected H7 and H5 HPAI viruses to infect and to be transmitted from infected BALB/c mice to contact sentinels. Previous experiments have shown that viruses belonging to both H5 and H7 subtypes replicate in the respiratory tract and central nervous system of experimentally infected mice. In this study we show that selected H7N1 and H5N1 HPAI viruses can be transmitted from mouse-to-mouse by direct contact, and that in experimentally infected animals they exhibit a different pattern of replication and transmission. Our results can be considered as a starting point for transmission experiments involving other influenza A viruses with α 2-3 receptor affinity in order to better understand the viral factors influencing transmissibility of these viruses in selected mammalian species. 相似文献
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为了解华东地区家禽中低致病性禽流感病毒(low pathogenic avian influenza viruses,LPAIVs)的分布规律,从2009年10月到2010年9月在华东地区某活禽市场采集鸡、鸭、鹅等家禽的泄殖腔拭子共1 650份,经鸡胚接种和HA、HI试验鉴定,结果从58份样品中分离到了LPAIVs,总分离率为3.51%。所分离到的6种HA亚型及各HA亚型分离率从高到底依次为:H6、H3、H1、H4、H9、H11。从这些样品中鉴定出7种NA亚型,包括N1、N2、N3、N4、N5、N6、N8,二者之间有11种组合。家鸭样品中LPAIVs的分离率为7.28%,显著高于鸡源样品的分离率1.00%和鹅源样品的分离率1.02%。LPAIVs的季节性分布较为明显,3~6月份和10~12月份的分离率较高,而冬季最冷的1月份和夏季最热的7月份则没有分离到。2种或2种以上不同HA亚型混合感染的样品有6份,全部为水禽源样品,占总阳性样品数的10.34%。这些数据表明活禽市场可以作为AIV的一个重要储存库,而家养水禽可作为AIV的一个重要储存宿主,应该继续加强对活禽市场,尤其是家养水禽中AIV的监测。 相似文献