基于野鸦椿转录组测序的SSR多态性分析

为推动野鸦椿(Euscaphis japonica)遗传多样性研究,以福建乡土树种野鸦椿的转录组序列为基础,对野鸦椿SSR位点进行挖掘。结果表明：通过MISA软件从野鸦椿169 224条Unigenes序列检测出47725个SSR位点,分布于38 802条Unigene中,出现频率为28.20%,平均分布距离为2.46 kb。优势重复基序为单核苷酸、二核苷酸和三核苷酸,分别占总SSR位点的70.27%、18.98%和8.81%。47 725个SSR位点由100种重复基序构成,A/T、AT/AT、AAT/ATT分别是单核苷酸及二、三核苷酸的优势重复基元,分别占总SSR重复类型的70.17%、8.46%和3.12%。基因GO功能分类表明,含有SSR位点的野鸦椿转录组基因被富集到3个Ontology类别的56个GO Term中,生物学过程涉及的GO Term最多,有25个。利用Primer 3.0对SSR序列设计引物26 554对,成功率为55.64%。野鸦椿转录组SSR位点丰富,分布密度大,具有较高的多态性潜能,可作为开发SSR标记的有效来源,为野鸦椿遗传多样性研究、品种鉴定、分子辅助育种...     

不同种源野鸦椿一年生苗生长规律研究

对贵州5个种源野鸦椿一年生实生苗的苗高和地径生长规律进行观测.结果表明,苗高和地径在各种源间存在极显著差异,且符合Logistic生长曲线,将野鸦椿苗木的整个生长时期划分为出苗期、生长初期、速生期和生长后期4个阶段,纳雍种源苗高速生期短而生长速度快,进入生长后期较其他种源早,且进入生长后期以后苗高还在不断生长;黔西种源...     

百事问

怎样促成野鸦椿盆景挂果？ 江苏省常州市安阳花苑13幢乙单元302室刘仁夫读者来信问：我栽培有一盆名叫“野鸦椿”的树桩，桩干粗度如手臂，外形似老年纤夫，艰辛地两足后蹬、弯腰前行。将其命名为“纤夫”。十余年来只见开花、未见结果。只有去年的秋花才见到5。6个红色果实。请问是何原因所导致？怎样才能促成野鸦椿盆景挂果？     

低温层积过程中圆齿野鸦椿种子的生理生化变化

通过对不同层积时间圆齿野鸦椿种子萌发及其生理生化变化情况的研究,得出种皮对圆齿野鸦椿种子萌发具有很强的机械障碍,仅通过低温层积不能完全解除种皮的机械障碍.低温层积配合60℃温水浸种能够有效解除休眠.同时通过实验发现,当采取播前温水处理打破种皮机械障碍时,以低温层积90～120 d为宜,层积时间过长会导致萌发率降低.通过实验,对低温层积不同时间的圆齿野鸦椿种子生理生化变化情况进行测定,结果表明:随着层积时间增加,可溶性糖含量与G-6-PDH和6-PGDH联合酶活性波动上升,而淀粉含量波动下降.说明种子内含物质相互转化,逐步解除休眠,同时种子呼吸代谢中戊糖磷酸途径所占比重上升.POD活性先逐渐上升,在120 d后活性下降,笔者认为这可能是导致层积120 d后种子萌发率降低的主要原因.     

珍贵绿化树种——野鸦椿育苗技术

眼下，不少人都把眼睛盯在外来植物的引种上，其实低下头看看我们脚下的土地，许多土生土长的植物都有相当高的开发利用价值。野鸭椿便是其中值得关注的一种。     

两种香椿不同时期嫩芽转录组测序分析花青素代谢差异

黑油椿和青油椿嫩芽颜色特征具有显著差异,黑油椿嫩芽花青苷含量最高可达同时期青油椿的5倍。本研究使用Illumina HiSeqTM2000高通量测序平台对两种香椿四个时期的嫩芽进行转录组测序,探讨分析两种香椿花青素表达差异的相关基因。结果显示,共获得63 437条Unigene,平均长度为1 243 bp,有44 705条被注释,其中4 894条在各个数据库均被成功注释。KEGG分析获得花青素合成相关差异表达的关键基因中,黑油椿相对于青油椿上调表达的有苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、香豆素-CoA连接酶(4CL)、查尔酮合成酶(CHS)、类黄酮-3-羟化酶(F3’H)和花青素合酶(ANS),下调表达的为C3’H (CYP98A)和黄酮醇合酶(FLS)。此外,在香椿嫩芽转录组中,检测到了17 839个简单重复序列(SSR)位点,单碱基重复序列最为丰富,占62.08%。试验结果为研究不同品种香椿嫩芽颜色表达差异原因、基因功能验证以及遗传改良奠定了理论基础。     

四种臭椿不同叶位叶片色素组成及分布变化

为揭示臭椿不同叶位叶色变化生理机制,以期为臭椿的育种和推广提供依据。以4种臭椿（‘朝阳椿’、‘千红椿’、‘普通臭椿’、‘聊红椿’）的1年生无性系苗木为材料,对5个存在明显叶色转换的叶位的叶片色素含量、叶色参数、以及叶片表皮和横切面的结构和颜色进行观测。结果表明：各品种随着叶位的下降,总叶绿素(Chl)含量和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量均显著增加(P<0.05),花青素(Ant)含量、Car:Chl和Ant:Chl均显著减少(P<0.05),叶绿素a与叶绿素b的含量比值(Chla:Chlb)呈增加趋势。同一叶位Chl、Car含量以‘普通臭椿’和‘千红椿’较高、Ant含量以‘千红椿’最高、Ant:Chl以‘朝阳椿’和‘千红椿’较高、Car:Chl和Chla:Chlb均以‘朝阳椿’最高。各品种叶肉厚度(LM)和栅栏组织厚度(PT)均随叶位下降而增加(P<0.05),各叶位LM和PT多以‘朝阳椿’和‘聊红椿’较大。各叶位亮度L*值、黄蓝属性色相b*值、彩度C*值多以‘朝阳椿’最大（叶位4时最大）,叶位1～4的红绿属性色相a*值均以‘朝阳椿’和‘千红椿’较大（叶位1时最大）。叶片腺...     

试论进出境植物检疫和国内植物检疫的关系

本文从检疫性有害生物名单和检疫范围的角度分析了进出境植物检疫和国内植物检疫的合作共存与相互制约的关系,从我国植物检疫管理体系变革的角度探讨了造成上述关系的历史和现实根源,并在此基础上,提出了适合我国国情的植物检疫制度和体系构想的解决思路。     

红椿无性系植株不同处理对嫩枝总芽数的影响

为解决红椿无性繁殖中扦插穗条少、繁殖系数低问题,建立采穗圃是十分必要的。以本项目组繁育的红椿无性系为试验材料,采用田间试验的方法对无性系特性、栽植密度、无性系植株定干高度及修枝强度等与其嫩枝总芽数的关系进行了系统研究。研究表明:无性系植株的嫩枝总芽数主要取决于无性系特性、栽植密度、无性系植株定干高度及修枝强度等。建立红椿无性系采穗圃,栽植密度以株行距1.0 m×2.0 m为宜,无性系植株定干高度以80 cm为宜,对无性系植株枝条宜进行轻、中短截,可显著提高单株嫩枝总芽数。     

‘聊红’椿组培快繁体系的初步建立

‘聊红’椿是本课题组从一种臭椿(Ailanthus altissima)芽变株经过多年培育而成的红果臭椿新品种(证书号为20190262),具有较高的观赏价值。建立‘聊红’椿组培快繁体系不仅有利于该品种迅速推广,同时也对研究果荚成色机理具有帮助。选取‘聊红’椿侧枝腋芽及顶芽(单芽)为外植体,研究了消毒方式、不同激素配比对‘聊红’椿愈伤形成、继代培养、不定芽形成和生根的影响,结果表明,以腋芽及顶芽(单芽)为外植体的消毒方式为依次采用75%乙醇浸泡30 s、15%次氯酸钠溶液15 min、0.1%氯化汞溶液6 min,组织污染率为20.00%,愈伤组织诱导成功率达40.00%;脱分化诱导和继代培养的MS培养基中激素配比为0.1 mg/L6-BA、0.1 mg/L NAA、2,4-D等量混合液,愈伤组织诱导率达到40.00%,愈伤组织颜色为黄绿色,长势良好;最适发芽培养基MS中激素配比为3.0 mg/L 6-BA、0.05 mg/L NAA、2,4-D等量混合液,不定芽诱导率达到82.33%;最适生根培养基MS的激素含量为NAA 2.0 mg/L,不定根诱导率为58.33%。‘聊红’椿的组织...     

The Genomic Relationships Among Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc., G. max (L.) Merr. and 'G. gracilis' Skvortz.

The objective of this study was to establish genomic relationships among G. sojii, G. max, and ‘G. gracilis’ based on cytogenetic analyses. All three species hybridized readily, though pod set was low (2.2 %—5.3 %); seeds produced viable, vigorous and totally fertile F, plants which were normal in meiotic pairing. This suggests that all three species-belong to one gene pool and should be considered as forms of one species.     

Growth and Change in U.S. Cities and Suburbs

Differential rates of growth and decentralization are processes that characterized U.S. urban areas over the past three decades. This paper examines the determinants of growth in cities and suburbs during the 1970s, the 1980s, and the 1990s. The modeling approach adopted in the study allows for simultaneity between population and employment, and between cities and suburbs, while also taking into account a range of other explanatory factors. Results indicate that population and employment growth in cities tend to be jointly determined, but that growth of employment in the suburbs tends to drive growth of suburban population. Results also suggest that suburban and city growth are interrelated, but that the nature of these interrelationships varies over time: suburban growth promoted city growth during the 1970s and 1980s, while city and suburban growth were jointly determined during the 1990s. Other factors that consistently explain variation in city growth include demographics, population density, crime rates, and income inequality. Factors consistently explaining suburban growth include regional location and climate.     

Interspecific hybridization between Coffea arabica L. and tetraploid C. canephora P. ex Fr. I. Fertility in F1 hybrids and backcrosses to C. Arabica

Summary The interspecific (C. arabica × tetraploid C. canephora) F₁ hybrid showed a low but highly variable fertility. An almost complete restoration to normal fertility was observed in individual trees of BC₁ and BC₂ generations with C. arabica as recurrent parent. From a comparison of various tests of fertility, it was found that pollen viability is a satisfactory measure of fertility.     

Cytoplasmic homology between Aegilops mutica Boiss. and Ae. ovata L.

Summary Triticum aestivum L. em Thell. (2n=42; AABBDD), and T. durum Desf. (2n=28; AABB) genomes were substituted into the cytoplasms of Aegilops mutica Boiss. (2n=14; M_tM_t), Ae. heldreichii Holzm. (2n=14; MM), Ae. uniaristata Vis. (2n=14; M^uM^u), and Ae. ovata L. (2n=28; C^uC^uM^oM^o), to identify the M-genome diploid cytoplasm donor of Ae. ovata. Substitution of the T. durum genome into Ae. uniaristata cytoplasm resulted in a large proportion of shriveled inviable seeds. A few plump viable seeds were obtained all of which produced male-sterile plants having one univalent or telocentric chromosome from Ae. uniaristata. The T. aestivum plants having Ae. uniaristata or Ae. mutica cytoplasms were fertile. However, Ae. mutica was similar to Ae. ovata in the induction of delayed maturity and tall robust growth habit to the T. durum and T. aestivum plants. Cytoplasms of the other C- and M-genome diploids Ae. umbellulata Zhuk. (2n=14; C^uC^u) and, Ae. heldreichii (2n=14; MM) earlier had been shown to differ from that of Ae. ovata. Therefore, Ae. mutica is the most likely cytoplasm and M-genome donor to Ae. ovata.     

Crosses between Hordeum vulgare L. and H. bulbosum L. I. Production,morphology and meiosis of hybrids,haploids and dihaploids

Summary From crosses between diploid and autotetraploid cytotypes of Hordeum vulgare L. (cultivated barley) and H. bulbosum L. (bulbous barley grass) diploid, triploid and tetraploid interspecific hybrids were produced. Both directly and after vegetative segregation crosses in either direction also gave rise to haploids and dihaploids resembling H. vulgare. The use of embryo culture was necessary. Plant morphology of the hybrids was much like that of H. bulbosum, although the hybrid plants were less vigorous. Meiosis in the hybrids was more or less disturbed, and this seemed to be the main cause of the high level of sterility.     

崖城割手密11号与拔地拉核型比较分析

热带种与割手密种是甘蔗有性杂交育种的主要亲本材料,为探讨其染色体的数目、类型等特征,采用核型分析方法对崖城割手密11号（Saccharum.spont.YC No.11）和拔地拉（Badila）进行了研究。结果表明：崖城割手密11号染色体数目为2n=64,核型公式为：2n=64=56m（2sat）＋8sm,核型类型为2A型。拔地拉染色体数目为2n=80,核型公式为：2n=80=80m,核型类型为1B型。崖城割手密11号和拔地拉的核型在进化上属于比较原始的类型,而且崖城割手密11号的核型比拔地拉的核型更原始。     

Hybrid Tea-rose pollen. I. Germination and storage

Summary Germination and storage trials were carried out with pollen of several rose varieties. The pollen grains germinated well in a 15% sucrose solution with 40 ppm boric acid. Staining the pollen with a 0.1% tetrazolium solution and standardizing the degree of colour at which the pollen grains are counted as viable, provided a good viability estimate, simpler to carry out than in vitro germination. Germination capacity and staining ability of the pollen were greatly impeded-about halved-by dehydration during storage in desiccators at low humidity. This effect could be corrected by humidifying the pollen beforehand for about one hour, though this pre-treatment increased the percentage of germinated pollen grains more than the percentage stained. There was no difference between the two percentages in fresh or in deep-frozen pollen.Pollen stored at 1°C and high relative humidity soon lost its germination capacity: between 0 and 20% humidity a considerable proportion of the pollen remained viable for 9 months and longer. Storage for the same period in vacuum-sealed glass tubes at –24°C maintained viability as well or better and would probably prolong it further. Some of the cold-stored pollen induced a reasonable seed set after one year, a low seed set was obtained even after two years of storage at 1°C and low humidity.