孕鼠补硒对新生乳鼠肝脏抗氧化能力的影响

将12只健康Wistar孕鼠随机分为3个试验组和1个对照组,每组3只,试验组在饮水中添加不同浓度的亚硒酸钠溶液,分别为低剂量补硒组(0.2 mg/L)、中剂量补硒组(0.4 mg/L)和高剂量补硒组(0.6 mg/L),对照组饮用清洁饮水。母鼠分娩后取新生乳鼠,称重,测定肝脏内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)。结果:与对照组相比,补硒组新生乳鼠的初生重没有显著性影响(P0.05),但肝脏内GSH-Px、T-SOD活性和T-AOC均极显著升高(P0.01)。试验表明孕鼠补硒能提高新生乳鼠肝脏的抗氧化能力。     

孕鼠补充高羊毛氨酸硒对新生乳鼠十二指肠和空肠抗氧化功能的影响

为探究在母鼠妊娠期补充高羊毛氨酸硒对新生乳鼠肠道抗氧化功能的影响,18只健康Wistar孕鼠被随机平均分成缺硒组(0.03 mg/kg)、正常硒对照组(0.15 mg/kg)和富硒组(1.5 mg/kg),母鼠分娩后第4天对新生乳鼠进行称重,安乐死后测定新生乳鼠的胸腺指数和脾脏指数,并检测新生乳鼠十二指肠和空肠的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)的活性,以及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果显示:与正常硒对照组相比,缺硒组和富硒组新生乳鼠的体重均无显著变化(P>0.05);缺硒组新生乳鼠脾脏指数、胸腺指数及十二指肠和空肠的T-AOC、CAT、GSH-Px活性均显著降低(P<0.05),MDA含量均极显著升高(P<0.01);富硒组新生乳鼠脾脏指数、胸腺指数及十二指肠和空肠的T-AOC、CAT和GSH-Px活性均显著升高(P<0.05),十二指肠内MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。结果表明:母鼠在妊娠期补充高羊毛氨酸硒,能够提高新生乳鼠十二指肠与空肠的抗氧化能力。     

妊娠期补硒对产后母鼠脏器指数、血常规参数和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究妊娠期补充亚硒酸钠对产后母鼠脏器指数、血常规以及血清和肝脏中抗氧化能力的影响。20只健康Wistar孕鼠随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组母鼠在饮水中添加亚硒酸钠,分别为:低剂量补硒组L(0.2mg/L,n=5)、中剂量补硒组M(0.4mg/L,n=5)、高剂量补硒组H(0.6 mg/L,n=5)和对照组C(0.0 mg/L,n=5)。母鼠于分娩后第4天采样,计算脾脏和胸腺的脏器指数,检测血液生理指标,血清和肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果显示,与对照组相比:补硒后试验组大鼠的血小板数目和体积极显著降低(P0.01),胸腺指数无显著性变化(P0.05),但脾脏指数显著升高(P0.05或P0.01);中、低剂量的亚硒酸钠可以显著性或极显著性提高产后母鼠血清和肝脏中的GSH-Px、T-AOC和T-SOD的活性(P0.05或P0.01),同时降低MDA的浓度(P0.05或P0.01)。高剂量的亚硒酸钠可以显著或极显著性提高MDA的浓度以及GSH-Px和T-AOC的活性(P0.05或P0.01),显著性降低血清中T-SOD的活性(P0.05)。妊娠期母鼠适量补充亚硒酸钠可提高产后脾脏指数及血清和肝脏中的抗氧化能力,过量补硒可以抑制抗氧化能力和减少血小板的数量,机理有待于进一步研究。     

日粮添加富硒益生菌对奶牛硒吸收转化、抗氧化能力与生产性能的影响

将36头经产荷斯坦奶牛随机分成4组,对照组喂基础日粮,富硒益生菌(Se-Pro)组每头牛添加108.2 g/d,益生菌(Pro)组每头牛添加20.8 g/d,亚硒酸钠(Na2seO3)组每头牛添加5 mg/d.试验期为产前30 d至产后3个月.于试验0、30、60、90、120 d,采血样测定全血se含量、GPx活性和血浆丙二醛(MDA)含量;于产后2(初乳)、30、60、90 d,采乳样测定se含量;产后每个月测定产奶量1次.结果显示,Se-Pro组和Na2SeO3组的全血、初乳、常乳Se含量和GPx活性均显著高于对照组和Pro组(P<0.05);Se-Pro组的全血、常乳Se含量和GPx活性(30 d除外)均显著高于Na2SeO3组(P<0.05);Se-Pro组和Na2SeO3组的血浆MDA含量均显著低于对照组和Pro组(P<0.05);Se-Pro组的血浆MDA含量均显著低于Na2SeO3组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,Se-Pro组、Pro组、Na2SeO3组的泌乳期前3个月的平均日产奶量(4%FCM)分别增加了2.96 kg/d(P=0.069)、1.64 kg/d(P>0.05)、0.69kg/d(P>0.05).结果表明,Se-Pro的作用效果优于Pro和Na2SeO3.     

纳米硒对肉鸡肝脏硒含量和抗氧化能力的影响

试验选用1日龄艾维茵(Avian)肉鸡225只,随机分为5个处理组,每组设3个重复,研究纳米硒对肉鸡肝脏硒含量和抗氧化能力的影响。在玉米-豆粕型日粮基础上添加纳米硒0、0.15、0.3、0.6、1.2mg/kg,基础日粮组为对照组,试验期6周。结果表明:42日龄时,日粮中添加纳米硒显著提高了肝脏总抗氧化能力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力、总超氧化物歧化酶活力、抑制羟自由基能力(P<0.05),显著降低了肝脏丙二醛含量、一氧化氮含量(P<0.05),极显著提高了肝脏硒含量(P<0.01)。而且随日粮中纳米硒添加量的增加,肝脏抗氧化能力和硒含量均呈二次曲线关系。因此,肉鸡日粮中纳米硒的适宜添加水平为0.7～1.0mg/kg。     

不同水平酵母硒对奶牛血液抗氧化能力的影响

本研究旨在通过在奶牛日粮中添加酵母硒,探讨其对奶牛血液抗氧化能力和泌乳性能的影响,为酵母硒在奶牛养殖业中的应用提供参考依据。试验选取40头体况、奶产量、泌乳天数相近的奶牛,分为4组,对照组添加亚硒酸钠,添加后硒水平为0.3 mg/kg日粮,3个处理组在日粮基础上添加酵母硒,添加后日粮硒水平分别为:0.3、0.4 5和0.6 mg/kg。对试验牛群乳样和血样分析表明:与亚硒酸钠相比,添加酵母硒可以极显著降低乳中体细胞数(P<0.0 1),-提高全血硒含量及血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)的活力(P<0.0 1);在0.3 mg/kg硒水平下,与亚硒酸钠相比饲喂酵母硒奶牛血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.0 5),综合考虑,日粮硒水平为0.4 5 mg/kg的酵母硒添加组效果较好。     

不同硒源和硒水平对鸡抗氧化能力的影响

为了探讨不同硒源和硒水平对良凤花鸡的影响。选用340只1日龄良凤花雏鸡,试验采用2种硒源、3个添加水平按2因素完全随机法分组,每个处理组4个重复。两种硒源分别为亚硒酸钠(Na2SeO)3、蛋氨酸硒(Se-Met)。硒水平为基础日粮、基础日粮+0.15 mg/kg水平的硒、基础日粮+0.30 mg/kg水平的硒。在31日龄和56日龄时,每处理选体重相近的肉鸡6羽,共30羽采血测定血清抗氧化指标。结果表明:两种硒源对各种抗氧化指标的影响差异不显著。试验前期,添加硒水平组的GSH-Px和SOD的活力均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),T-AOC显著高于对照组(P<0.05),MDA低于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);试验后期,低硒水平组血清GSH-Px酶活性显著高于高硒水平组(P<0.05);对照组的MDA显著高于高硒水平组(P<0.05),T-AOC显著低于高硒水平组(P<0.05)。在日粮中添加0.15 mg/kg的蛋氨酸硒或亚硒酸钠能有效提高肉鸡的抗氧化能力。     

不同水平酵母硒对奶牛全血硒含量和血清抗氧化能力的影响

试验研究日粮中添加酵母硒对奶牛全血硒含量和血清抗氧化能力的影响.选取40头体况相近、胎次接近、奶产量相近的奶牛,随机分为4组,每组10个重复.对照组(C组)在基础日粮中添加亚硒酸钠(添加后硒水平为0.3 mg/kg),3个试验组(61、G2、G3)在基础日粮中分别添加0.3、0.4、0.5 mg/kg的酵母硒.试验期6...     

硒酵母对肉兔生产性能和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验将断奶仔兔216只随机分成试验组和对照组,每组108只。对照组饲喂含硒量为0.1 mg/kg的基础饲料,试验组添加硒酵母添加剂,饲料含硒量为0.4 mg/kg。饲喂60 d后观察硒酵母对肉兔生产性能、死亡率和血清抗氧化能力的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,肉兔饲料添加硒酵母能极显著提高肉兔平均末重、平均日增重(P<0.01),显著降低料重比(P<0.05);可降低肉兔死亡率(P>0.05);能极显著地提高血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)(P<0.01)水平,可显著提高总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.05)、显著降低丙二醛(MDA)(P<0.05)水平。结果说明,在肉兔饲料添加硒酵母能提高肉兔生产性能和抗氧化能力。     

酵母硒对肥育猪肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究不同水平的酵母硒对肥育猪胴体特性、肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响。选用72头体质量约70 kg的(杜×长×大)三元杂交肥育猪,随机分为4个处理,各处理饲粮中分别添加0(对照组)、0.10、0.30和0.50 mg/kg酵母硒,试猪体质量约100 kg时结束试验。结果表明:饲粮添加不同水平酵母硒均未改善肥育猪的屠宰率、肌内脂肪、大理石花纹、眼肌面积和剪切力(P>0.05);不同水平的酵母硒均未显著影响肥育猪背最长肌pH45 min和pH24 h;各处理组背最长肌滴水损失均显著低于对照组,其中0.3 mg/kg酵母硒可改善肉色(P<0.05);不同水平的酵母硒能极显著地提高血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平,可显著提高总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的含量,0.3 mg/kg酵母硒显著降低丙二醛(MDA)水平。综合考虑,日粮硒水平为0.30 mg/kg的酵母硒添加组效果较好。     

饲粮中添加不同硒源对仔猪血浆硒含量和血清抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同硒源及不同硒水平对仔猪血浆硒含量和血清抗氧化能力的影响。选用体重相近[(12.38±0.43)kg]、健康良好的杜长大三元杂交仔猪168头,随机分成7组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。第7组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;其余6组均为试验组,即分别以0.30、0.50、0.80 mg/kg 3个硒水平添加到基础饲粮中,并配成6种试验饲粮,试验期40 d。试验结果显示:不同硒源及添加水平间,仔猪血浆硒含量均高于对照组,但纳米硒在0.30、0.50 mg/kg水平时,血浆硒含量均显著高于对照组和亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05);纳米硒在0.50 mg/kg水平时,血清GSH-Px活性、T-AOC显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。同一硒源组添加不同硒水平对仔猪血清中SOD活性、MDA含量差异均不显著(P>0.05),但纳米硒组不同硒水平,仔猪血清SOD活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清MDA含量低于对照组和亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05)。试验说明饲粮中添加纳米硒能显著提高仔猪血清抗氧化能力,并有提高血浆硒含量的趋势。     

高能日粮条件下半胱胺对大鼠抗氧化功能的影响

通过在正常日粮中添加高油脂来制备高能日粮,探讨高能日粮条件下,添加0、15、30、60mg/kg半胱胺(CS)对大鼠抗氧化功能的影响。试验结果表明:添加15、30mg/kg半胱胺均能显著提高大鼠抗氧化能力(P<0.05),30mg/kg半胱胺能使大鼠抗氧化能力恢复到接近正常日粮组水平,60mg/kg半胱胺对大鼠抗氧化能力的恢复无显著影响(P>0.05)。半胱胺添加的最适剂量为30mg/kg。     

Effect of the chemical form of supranutritional selenium on selenium load and selenoprotein activities in virgin, pregnant, and lactating rats

Virgin, pregnant, and lactating rats were used to assess the influence of selenomethionine and selenocystine, fed at four to seven times the daily Se requirement (supranutritional), on Se load and selenoprotein activities. Female Sprague Dawley rats (n = 48; age = 13 wk), reared on a low-Se torula yeast diet, were assigned to one of three reproductive states (n = 16 per reproductive state) to occur simultaneously: virgin, pregnant, and lactating. Once reproductive state was achieved, rats were fed (ad libitum) either l-selenomethionine (n = 24) or L-selenocystine (n = 24) diets providing 2.0 microg Se/g of diet (as-fed basis) for 18 d, and then killed. Lactating rats consuming selenomethionine had the greatest Se concentration in the brain, with pregnant rats being intermediate, and virgin rats having the least (P < 0.02). When selenocystine was fed, the concentration of Se in the brain was greater (P = 0.008) in lactating rats, but not different (P = 0.34) between pregnant and virgin rats. Selenium concentrations in the heart, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, plasma, placenta, uterus, and fetus were greatest (P < 0.001) in rats consuming selenomethionine. Brain, kidney, and liver thioredoxin reductase, and brain, erythrocyte, kidney, and liver glutathione peroxidase activities did not differ (P = 0.13 to P = 0.85) between Se treatments. Lactating rats exhibited the greatest (P < 0.006) Se concentration in the heart, lung, muscle, plasma, and spleen compared with pregnant and virgin rats. Thioredoxin reductase was greatest (P < 0.004) in the brain of pregnant rats, greatest (P < 0.004) in the liver of lactating rats, and greater (P < 0.03) in the kidney of lactating and pregnant vs. virgin rats. Regardless of reproductive state, supranutritional Se (2.0 microg/g of diet) fed as selenocystine resulted in less Se load, and when fed as selenomethionine, was equally available for thioredoxin reductase synthesis as the Se in selenocystine. Independent of dietary Se chemical form, thioredoxin reductase activity was responsive to reproductive state.     

硒和维生素E协同添加对肉鸡肉品质量的影响

近年来，随着人们生活水平的提高，对肉品的品质也要求越来越高。肉品质量主要由肉品的理化性质决定，肉品的化学成分与其营养价值关系密切；肉品的物理指标如颜色、持水性、嫩度和多汁性等直接影响消费者对肉品的接受程度。     

硒对母猪氧化应激及其后代抗氧化能力的营养调控研究

硒作为的重要微量元素之一,可以通过胎盘和乳组织进行转移.仔猪可以从乳汁中获取硒源,提高硒含量,进而提高仔猪的初生重.同时,硒也能够调节母猪妊娠期间代谢速度,控制妊娠期自由基产生,进而提高胎盘输送营养功能.文章从母猪氧化应激体系角度来解析硒对母猪妊娠期氧化应激的调控机制、硒对哺乳母猪生产性能的调控作用.     

Effect of selenate as a feed supplement to dairy cows in comparison to selenite and selenium yeast

The main aim of this trial was to define the possible differences between selenite and selenate in their ability to increase the selenium (Se) concentration of milk, in comparison with organic Se. Dairy cows (n = 42) were fed a basal diet containing .10 to .12 mg Se/kg DM for 5 mo and were then divided into four groups of 10 or 11, as similar as possible in age and stage of lactation. During the next 84 d, the cows in three of the groups were supplemented with 3 mg of Se daily, whereas the cows in one control group remained unsupplemented. The Se supplement was given as sodium selenite, sodium selenate, or a Se yeast product. The total Se concentration of the diets varied with the cows' stage of lactation and was for the supplemented groups .24 to .31 mg/kg DM, but remained between .10 and .12 mg/kg in the control group. At the end of the trial, the mean whole blood Se concentrations in the selenite, selenate, yeast, and control groups were 138, 141, 165, and 104 microg/L, respectively. The Se concentration in plasma apparently reached a plateau level within 4 wk, at approximately 75 microg/L in the selenite group, 80 microg/L in the selenate group, and 90 microg/L in the yeast group. In the control group the mean concentration in plasma remained at approximately 50 microg/L. The increase of the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the erythrocytes was significantly higher in the supplemented groups than in the control group. The mean concentrations of Se in milk in the selenite, selenate, and yeast groups were 16.4, 16.4, and 31.2 microg/L, respectively, whereas the concentration remained at approximately 14 microg/L in the control group. The milk Se concentration reached a plateau within 1 wk after the start of Se supplementation. Dietary supplementation with selenite and selenate, thus, had only a limited effect on the Se concentration in milk, and there was no significant difference between the two inorganic compounds in any variable measured. Organic Se was much more effective than inorganic Se in increasing the concentration of Se in milk.     

硒补充剂的亚慢性毒性试验

采用固定剂量染毒法以0.048、0.097、0.193 mg/kg(1/20～1/80 LD50)让小鼠连续90 d经口摄入亚硒酸钠,分别在试验30、60、90 d取血及主要脏器,系统研究硒对小鼠生长性能、组织病理变化、血常规、血液生化指标等的影响.结果,0.097 mg/kg和0.193 mg/kg剂量对小鼠生长有一定抑制作用,剖检及组织学变化以心、肝、脾、肺、肾等实质器官损伤为主,对主要器官脏器指数、血常规指标、血液生化指标均有不同程度影响.结果表明,亚硒酸钠对小鼠有亚慢性毒性作用,小鼠经口亚慢性最大无作用荆量为0.048 mg/kg.