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1.
氮、磷、钾、锌配施对小白菜产量和品质的效应 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
应用“416-B”最优混合设计,研究了氮、磷、钾、锌肥对小白菜产量和品质的效应。结果表明,施用氮、磷、钾、锌的增产效果为氮〉锌〉钾〉磷。氮与磷、钾、锌配施有利于小白菜增产和品质的改善。在本试验条件下,小白菜高产、优质施肥方案为每千克土施N0.26g、P2O5 0.11g、K2O 0.42g、Zn0.017g,目标产量790.7g/盆FW,鲜小白菜中含锌81.9mg/kg,可溶性糖1.63%,Vc117.9mg/kg,硝酸盐809.5mg/kg。 相似文献
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沙田柚为对镁敏感作物。由于忽视施用镁肥,在生产上较容易观察到沙田柚叶片缺镁症状。研究了在施用氮磷肥的基础上配施不同用量钾镁肥对沙田柚叶片营养、柚果产量、品质及效益的影响。结果表明,施镁可明显减轻沙田柚叶片的缺镁症状,提高叶片镁素营养;在土壤有效钾含量中等,有效镁含量缺乏的情况下,施用钾肥(K2O)340.2kg/hm^2基础上配施镁肥(Mg)22.5及45.0kg/hm^2,果实产量提高1.2%~18.7%,种植效益提高0.4%~24.7%;施用钾肥(K2O)453.6kg/hm^2基础上配施镁肥(Mg)45.0、81.0及117.0kg/hm^2,果实产量提高11.2%~31.7%,种植效益提高11.7%~39.4%,同时柚果品质得到改善。在施用钾肥(K2O)340.2、453.6kg/hm^2的基础上,推荐镁肥适宜配施用量分别以(Mg)45.0、117.0kg/hm^2 为宜。 相似文献
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氮钾配合对强筋小麦济南17的产量和加工品质的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文对氮钾配合对强筋小麦济南17的产量和加工品质的影响进行了研究。结果表明,氮钾配合对强筋小麦济南17的产量有较大影响,中氮中钾配合(N210kg/hm^2和K2O90kg/hm^2)和高氮高钾配合(N300kg/hm^2和K2O180kg/hm^2)两处理的产量分别为6783.7kg/hm^2和6950.3kg/hm^2,极显著高于其它氮钾配合处理,但两者间差异不显著。不同氮水平之间品质性状有明显差异,随着施氮量增加,品质性状有改善的趋势,N用量为120kg/hm^2、210kg/hm^2和300kg/hm^2的湿面筋含量分别为32.0%、32.8%和33.8%,沉降值分别为41.9mL、43.8mL和49.2mL,稳定时间分别为19.7min、22.5min和24.6min;不同钾水平的湿面筋含量基本无差异,而中钾水平的沉降值显著高于高钾水平,稳定时间极显著高于高钾水平。本试验条件下最佳氮(N)和钾(K2O)用量分别为219.7kg/hm^2和96.7kg/hm^2。 相似文献
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通过田间试验研究了淮北平原砂姜黑土地区小麦施钾的增产效应。结果表明,增施适量钾肥具有显著的增产效果,小麦子粒产量提高9.6%-25.0%,平均增产15.5%。小麦钾肥的增产效应与土壤有效K含量和施K量有极大关系。应用逐步回归分析方法,建立了钾肥(K2O)施用量x1、土壤有效K含量x2与小麦单位钾肥增产量y之间的多元线性回归方程:y=17.678-0.0446x1-0.0963x2。当前生产水平下,淮北平原砂姜黑土地区小麦钾肥适宜施用量为K2O 130kg/hm^2左右。 相似文献
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有机肥与化肥对脱毒马铃薯补钾效果的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在满足氮、磷营养元素需求的前提下,脱毒马铃薯产量随着有机肥和化肥补钾量的增加而增加,但增加到一定程度后产量又下降。有机肥提供的钾和化肥提供的钾交互效应呈负效应,增施有机肥可减少化肥钾施用量。在中低海拔的芋苞间套作模式中有机肥与化肥提供的K2O比例为4.35:5.65,当施K2O225.3k/hm^2可达到最高产量。当施K2O 203.2kg/hm^2可达到经济产量;在高海拔的净作模式中当施K2O 467.2kg/hm^2,有机肥与化肥提供的K2O比例为2.40:7.60可达最高产量,当施K2O 427.8kg/hm^2,有机肥与化肥提供的KO比例为2.50:7.50可达经济产量。 相似文献
7.
不同土壤肥力水平下元白菜施氮、磷、钾和锌的效应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对不同土壤肥力水平下元白菜施氮、磷、钾和锌肥的效应研究表明,不同土壤肥力水平下,元白菜施氮、磷、钾和锌均能显著增加产量,分别增产12.0%~35.8%(平均24.5%)、5.3%-14.1%(平均9.7%)、11.2%.15.3%(平均12.9%)和7.5%~11.3%(平均9.1%)。在较高、中等和较低土壤肥力水平下,元白菜经济最佳施氮(N)量分别为310.5、326.1~336.6和378.9kg/hm^2,适宜磷(P2O5)用量依次为60、60-90和90~120kg/hm^2。不同土壤肥力水平地块元白菜适宜施氮时,氮肥(N)利用率在15%~20%,适宜施磷时磷肥(P2O5)利用率在9.3%~11.0%;元白菜上钾肥利用率随土壤钾素水平的降低而呈增加的趋势,不同土壤肥力地块元白菜施K2O120kg/hm^2时钾肥(K2O)利用率平均为20.4%。 相似文献
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连续施钾对黑土钾素动态变化的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用定位方法研究黑土连续施用钾肥对土壤钾素动态变化及产量的影响。结果表明 ,连续 7年施钾肥玉米仍表现明显的增产效果 ,不施钾肥耕层土壤速效钾含量逐年降低 ,导致掠夺式生产 ;不施钾肥耕层土壤缓效钾含量明显下降 ,施钾肥土壤缓效钾略有下降 ,起到一定的缓解作用。施K2 O 1 1 2 .5kg/hm2 ,钾的平衡系数为 0 .96,说明钾的投入和消耗基本平衡 ;施K2 O2 2 5kg/hm2 ,钾的平系数为 1 .3 4,说明钾肥投入大于作物携走的钾 ,外源钾在土壤中有较大的剩余。 相似文献
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施钾对青引1号燕麦草产量及根系的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
在缺钾地区,开展了不同施钾对青引1号燕麦(Avena sativa cv. Qingyin No.1)干物质产量和根系的影响,找出最佳施钾量,为青海省燕麦种子生产提供依据。结果表明,在施N 54.75 kg/hm2和施P2O5 51.75 kg/hm2的基础上,施K2O 40 kg/hm2,青引1号燕麦开花期收获时可获得最高的干物质产量和蛋白产量,分别为29575.0和2099.8 kg/hm2,二者均符合Y=a+bK+cK2函数变化。施K2O 40 kg/hm2,青引1号燕麦株高、总分蘖数、根长和根数最大,分别为184.5 cm、3.22个/株、15.90 cm和26.17 条/株; 施K2O 20 kg/hm2时,植株茎粗和根量达最大,分别为0.585 cm和0.540 g/株。各产量性状、地下生物量以及饲草和蛋白产量间均存在显著或极显著正相关关系。 相似文献
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氮、钾营养对香蕉生长的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了氮、钾不同供应水平对香蕉产量、品质、贮藏性和抗冻能力的影响。结果表明,以适量配施氮钾肥的N2PK2处理香蕉果实农艺性状最佳,品质最优,产量最高,较不施肥处理增产16.1%;且果实贮藏性好,吸芽受冻死亡率最低。在广州市番禺区香蕉产区,为获得第一年蕉45 t/hm2左右的高产,需要施 N 667~709、P2O5 200~213、K2O 748~851 kg/hm2;保持氮钾肥施用比例N: K2O为1: 1.12~1.20为宜。 相似文献
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《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1)
Original Papers (pp. 805–810) K2Ca2Si2O7, the major component of fused potassium silicate fertilizer, released potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and silicon (Si) in a slow manner. The 10% of K in K2Ca2Si2O7 was quickly solubilized in water. Further K dissolution was very slow. The amounts of dissolved Ca and Si in water were much smaller than that of K. The decrease of the Ca and Si concentration in water indicated the occurrence of a re-deposit of Ca and Si at a later stage. The surface imaging method was used in order to study the slow-release process of K2Ca2Si2O7 in water. The surface analysis of K2Ca2Si2O7 particles after dissolution in water for 30 min showed that there were Ca- and Si-rich particles stuck on the fertilizer surface. The results of the analysis of the cross section of K2Ca2Si2O7 particles showed that the K content was lower than those of Ca and Si in the surface boundary layer. On the other hand, the mole ratio of K, Ca and Si was same inside the fertilizer particle. In the portion between the inside and the surface of the fertilizer particle, the content of K and Ca was lower than that of Si. These results indicated that the order of dissolution of fertilizer components from K2Ca2Si2O7 particle was first K, then Ca, and Si last. From the results mentioned above, the process of slow-release K was speculated to be as follows: 1) K on the particle surface was released quickly by an ion exchange reaction with hydrogen ions in water. 2) K inside the particle was released slowly because of dissolution through Si-O-Si bonds. 相似文献
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钾肥施用方式对烤烟钾素利用及土壤钾含量的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用大田试验,在河南驻马店烟区研究了钾肥施用方式对烤烟钾素利用及土壤钾含量的影响。结果表明,在施钾量相同条件下,随着钾肥的追施比例和追施次数增加,不同部位的烟叶含钾量均增加,尤其是上部叶钾含量显著增加,2次或3次追钾比1次追钾处理上部叶钾含量分别提高18.9%~26.9%、35.0%~41.1%,使耕层土壤供钾能力在整个烤烟生育期内持续稳定在较高水平,并减少了土壤钾素下移,增加了烟株总吸收钾量,显著提高了钾素的利用效率,以钾肥基追比3∶7、分3次追钾处理钾素利用效率最高,达45.48%。 相似文献
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为了探讨根区施用钾肥对黄淮烟区石灰土烤烟产量和钾素吸收利用的影响,采用田间试验,研究根区枸溶性钾肥与硫酸钾配施对烟叶产量、钾含量以及钾素吸收利用的影响。试验共设9个处理,分别为CK、CP_1、CP_2、WP_1、WP_2、CW_(1-50%)、CW_(2-50%)、CW_(1-75%)与CW_(2-75%)(CK表示对照,CP表示只施用枸溶性钾肥,WP表示只施用硫酸钾,CW表示枸溶性钾肥与硫酸钾配施;数字1、2表示施用量分别为225、300 kg/hm~2,百分数表示硫酸钾的配施比例)。结果表明,烟叶钾含量随生育期推进呈下降趋势,不同施肥处理各时期烟叶钾含量均高于CK;不同施肥处理下土壤钾素在垂直和水平方向上迁移距离较小,根区钾肥施用可直接有效的增加根区土壤速效钾含量;施钾(K_2O)300 kg/hm~2与225 kg/hm~2相比,可显著提高烟叶钾含量和钾肥利用效率(P0.05);CW_(2-75%)处理下烟叶钾含量、土壤速效钾含量和钾肥利用率最高,而CW_(2-50%)处理下烟叶产量最高。综上所述,根区施用含75%硫酸钾的枸溶性钾肥300 kg/hm~2(CW_(2-75%)处理)可有效改善黄淮烟区石灰土钾素养分,提高该区烤烟产量、钾含量与钾肥利用效率,达到优质高产。 相似文献
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以云烟87为材料,通过小区田间试验,研究了优质烤烟对不同种类钾肥的吸收效应。结果表明,与不施钾对照相比,施钾增加了烟株干物质积累。不同钾肥品种间相比,在移栽60 d以后,以生物包膜缓释钾肥处理干物质积累量最高。施钾提高了土壤速效钾含量和烟株钾含量,在移栽后45 d以前,以碳酸钾处理对土壤速效钾和烟株钾含量的提高效果最好;在移栽60 d以后,土壤中速效钾和烟株各部位钾含量均以生物包膜缓释钾肥处理最高。收获期与常规硫酸钾处理相比,生物包膜缓释钾肥处理和碳酸钾处理钾素利用率分别提高16.81和7.93个百分点。从烤后烟叶钾含量分析,生物包膜缓释钾肥处理和碳酸钾处理均显著提高了烟叶钾含量。综合分析,以生物包膜缓释钾肥和碳酸钾肥代替常规硫酸钾肥能提高钾素利用率和烟叶钾含量,建议在生产上推广应用。 相似文献
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水钾一体化对烤烟钾素吸收及生长的影响 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
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土壤非交换态钾与结构态钾能够区分吗? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nonexchangeable K (NEK) is the major portion of the reserve of available K in soil and a primary factor in determining soil K fertility. The questions of how much NEK is in soils and how to quantify total NEK in soils are so far still unclear due to the complicated effects of various minerals on K fixation. In this study, the NEK in 9 soils was extracted with sodium tetraphenylboron (NaBPh4) for various time periods longer than 1 d. The results showed that the NEK extracted by NaBPh4 gradually increased with time, but showed no more increase after the duration of extraction exceeded 10--20 d. As the temperature increased from 25 to 45 oC, the duration to obtain the maximum extraction of NEK was reduced from 20 to 10 d, and the maximum values of NEK released at both temperatures was almost the same for each soil. The maximum NEK (MNEK) of the 9 soils extracted by NaBPh4 varied from 3 074 to 10 081 mg kg-1, accounting for 21%--56% of the total soil K. There was no significant correlation between MNEK released by NaBPh4 and other forms of K, such as NH4OAc-extracted K, HNO3-extracted K and total K in soils, which indicates that NEK is a special form of K that has no inevitable relationship to the other forms of K in soils. The MNEK extraction by NaBPh4 in this study indicated that the total NEK in the soils could be differentiated from soil structural K and quantified with the modified NaBPh4 method. The high MNEK in soils made NEK much more important in the role of the plant-available K pool. How to fractionate NEK into different fractions and establish the methods to quantify each NEK fraction according to their bioavailability is of great importance for future research. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(4):371-385
Abstract Although the basic chemistry and behavior of potassium in the soil is well understood, little of this knowledge is used in soil testing and practical soil fertility mangement. In this study the K buffer behavior of three individual soils (Hagerstown silt loam (Typic Hapludalf), Gatesburg sand (Entic Haplorthod) and Gilpin channery silt loam (Typic Hapludult)) was investigated. The buffer relationships determined indicated very different K behavior for these soils even though exchangeable K soil tests indicated similar K levels. It was also determined that for these soils the buffer relationship was apparently independent of previous K management, indicating that the K buffer behavior could be included as part of soil characterization data. The role of nonexchangeable K in determining K buffer behavior was also investigated. It was found that the levels of solution K where the release of nonexchangeable K becomes measurable (0.27 ‐ 0.83 × 10‐4 M) are similar to solution K levels reportedly required for crop growth (0.02 ‐ 0.95 × 10‐4 M). It was also found that these soils were capable of maintaining a relatively high level of exchangeable K even after extraction of significant amounts of nonexchangeable K with sodium tetraphenyl boron. It was concluded that K buffering behavior of individual soils could and should be included in K management decisions involving corrective soil treatments and/or crop removal estimation. Otherwise, based on current soil tests, soils with very different K buffer behavior will be treated similarly. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7-8):913-921
Abstract A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the minimal exchangeable potassium (minimal K) status of fifteen smectite dominant soils and its relationship with K uptake and plant mobilization rate of soil reserve K. Exchangeable K reached minimal level decreasing about 35% from initial K status after 350 days of continuous cropping. Soils with high clay content and initial K status showed higher minimal exchangeable K. Cumulative K uptake by six successive crops varied from 160 mg kg‐1 to 823 mg kg‐1 and plant mobilization of soil reserve K varied from 0.151 mg kg‐1 day‐1 to 1.880 mg kg‐1 day‐1 among soils. Minimal K explained well the variation in total K uptake (r=0.85) and plant mobilization rate (r=0.83) as compared to initial exchangeable K status of soils (r=0.67 and 0.59, respectively) suggesting that the former is a better index of K supplying capacity of soils than the later. 相似文献