石蜡相变储能材料在建筑节能中的应用

简述了石蜡相变建筑材料的制备，同时从相变储能石膏板，相变储能混凝土，建筑保温隔热材料，相变蓄热地板、天花板和相变储能砂浆几个方向对石蜡相变材料在建筑节能领域上的应用进行了综述，并对该领域发展方向进行了展望．     

几种主要建筑节能技术的发展现状和应用前景

本文总结了外墙保温、太阳能光电和光热、地热源热泵、热管和相变蓄热材料等建筑节能技术的特点,分析了各种技术所具有的优势和存在的不足,并对这些技术的应用前景进行了讨论.     

卷烟滤嘴用复合相变材料研究进展

卷烟主流烟气温度高不仅影响卷烟滤棒对烟气中有毒有害成分的截留效果,还会对卷烟抽吸感官产生负面影响。在滤棒中添加相变材料是降低卷烟出口烟气温度的有效手段之一。针对卷烟的应用需要,所添加的相变降温材料需要具有较高的热导率,使得其在较短的抽吸时间内发生尽可能多的热交换,同时也应避免相变过程发生时液体材料泄漏引起的烟气通道堵塞、滤棒塌陷等问题。通过对近年来卷烟降温材料的相关成果的分析与总结,解决上述问题的2种有效方法分别是在相变材料中添加导热材料和构建定形相变材料,并对卷烟用相变降温材料的研究应用方向做出展望。     

相变材料的研究进展及其在北方猪舍中的应用

从相变材料的特性、在建材中的应用以及国内外研究进展等方面进行了阐述,并展望了相变材料在猪舍中的应用前景。     

膨胀石墨在环境保护中的应用及其发展趋势

膨胀石墨是一种新型的多孔碳质吸附材料,具有发达的孔结构,对于非极性分子等污染物质具有超强的吸附能力.综述了膨胀石墨作为一种新型功能碳材料在油污染环境修复、废水及废气治理等方面的研究现状.在此基础上,剖析了目前膨胀石墨在环保领域开发及应用过程中的一些不足,提出了今后膨胀石墨在环境保护领域研究的主要发展趋势.     

节能建筑材料的应用

我国建筑能耗已占社会总能耗的20％～25％,正逐步上升到30％．随着对节约建筑能源要求的不断提高,节能建筑材料的应用亦日益广泛．建筑节能材料的质量和性能及其发展是实现建筑节能的条件之一,因此对目前主要使用的具有发展前景的建筑节能主墙体材料、外墙保温材料及门窗进行了分析,并总结了各自的性能及特点,旨在为建筑节能材料的选取提供的参考．     

十二水磷酸氢二钠/SiO2复合相变材料的制备和性能研究

为了降低十二水磷酸氢二钠(Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O)的过冷度并改善其失水问题，以微粉硅胶(SiO_2)为载体材料，采用多孔吸附法对Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O进行吸附制备得到了复合相变材料(Composite phase change materials, CPCM).通过T-history法考察了3种成核剂对复合相变材料过冷度的影响，并对复合相变材料的化学结构和热性能进行了测试表征.结果表明，以质量分数5%的九水硅酸钠(Na_2SiO_3·9H_2O)作为成核剂可使复合相变材料的过冷度降低至2.3℃;差示扫描量热仪(Differential scanning calorimeter, DSC)结果表明，添加一定量的去离子水可有效改善复合相变材料的失水问题，其相变温度为35.1℃,潜热值为152.5 J/g;傅里叶红外光谱仪(Fourier infrared spectrometer, FT-IR)结果表明，SiO_2和Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O之间仅仅是物理吸附；热失重分析仪(Thermo gravimetric analyzer, TG)结果表明，复合相变材料具有较好的热稳定性.     

膨胀石墨的多孔结构及其应用

膨胀石墨作为一种多孔材料，有望在溢油吸收、脱除废气、催化剂载体等多方面得到广泛应用。综述了有关膨胀石墨孔结构的研究结果以及它在有关领域的应用。     

多孔材料对黑曲霉生长作用的研究

[目的]探究多孔材料对黑曲霉生长的影响。[方法]以膨胀石墨和硅藻土为添加剂,将其加入PDA培养基中,观察其对黑曲霉的作用。[结果]培养24 h后,加入膨胀石墨的培养基中黑曲霉菌落直径大于对照。加入硅藻土的培养基中黑曲霉菌落直径与对照差异不显著。培养48 h后,加入膨胀石墨的培养基中黑曲霉菌落直径大于硅藻土,且2种培养基中的黑曲霉菌落直径均大于对照。[结论]培养24 h后,膨胀石墨对黑曲霉有促菌作用,而硅藻土无明显作用;培养48 h后,膨胀石墨对黑曲霉促菌作用优于硅藻土;72 h后,膨胀石墨及硅藻土对黑曲霉促菌作用差异不显著。     

相变储能材料在温室大棚保温中的应用

温室大棚生产在冬季的生产效益最显著,但是由于冬季气温较低,对温室大棚内的作物造成不利的影响,因此有效的增温、保温成为保证温室大棚在冬季优质高效生产的重要技术。基于此,探讨了相变储能材料在温室大棚温度控制中应用的可行性,并介绍了一款新型相变储能换热器的设计,以期为相变储能材料在温室大棚保温中的应用提供借鉴。     

Optical materials

Optical technologies are becoming increasingly important in areas that were traditionally the domain of electronics. This trend is likely to continue into the foreseeable future with optics and electronics being integral, mutually compatible components of systems for consumer markets, industry, and defense. The basis of this progress is the development of materials that have the required purity, physical properties, and optical quality; glass fibers for optical transmission, semiconductors for lasers and detectors, and nonlinear materials for optical switching are examples. In this article, some of the materials of choice for a variety of applications are described and the frontiers of materials research for new areas of opportunity are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on optical materials for the transmission and processing of information.     

Surface-responsive materials

Synthetic polymers offer a wealth of opportunities to design responsive materials triggered by external stimuli. Changing the length, chemical composition, architecture, and topology of the chains allows response mechanisms and rates to be easily manipulated; and devices based on the entropy of the chains, surface energies, and specific segmental interactions can readily be made. Although numerous applications exist, intriguing possibilities are emerging that have tremendous potential to further developments in surface-responsive materials.     

Photovoltaic materials

Solid-state photovoltaic cells are feasible devices for converting solar energy directly to electricity. Recent cost reductions have spurred an incipient industry, but further advances in materials science and technology are needed before photovoltaic cells can compete with other sources for the supply of large amounts of energy. In this article energy loss mechanisms in solid-state photovoltaic cells are examined and related to materials properties. Various systems under development are reviewed which illustrate some key concepts, opportunities, and problems of this most promising emerging technology. Areas where contributions from innovative materials research would have a significant effect are also indicated.     

Seabed materials

A large catalog of materials has been proposed as potential seabed resources, and some seabed materials such as hydrocarbons and tin already contribute to the world's economy. Scientific advances have increased our knowledge of other seabed prospects, but realization of their potential will be determined by their relative economic accessibility compared to rival resources on land. Examination of existing stocks of conventional resources, and of the economic process by which new resources are added, suggests that most potential sources of seabed materials will not be exploited in the near future. Strategic behavior in seabed materials development, however, implies that investment in exploration and R&D could proceed on a larger scale and at a more rapid pace than might be expected solely on the basis of apparent commercial potential.