植酸酶对黄河鲤鱼生长性能及植酸磷代谢的影响

选用120尾当年鱼种,体重50.10±1.43g,随机分为四组:对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组,每组 30尾、对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮+500U植酸酶,Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+1000U植酸酶, Ⅲ组饲喂基础日粮+1500U植酸酶。结果表明:与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组鲤鱼的平均日增重、平均日 采食量都有升高,而饵料系数、死亡率都降低了。而且,饲料中添加植酸酶,提高了植酸磷的利用率, 减少饲料中无机磷的添加量,减少植酸磷对养殖水体的污染。本试验证实:在黄河鲤鱼的饲料中添加 植酸酶可促进鲤鱼的生长和提高植酸磷的利用率。     

饲料中添加乳酸菌对鲤鱼肠道酶活性的影响

为探究鲤鱼饲料中添加不同水平的乳酸菌对其肠道酶活性的影响,并确定鲤鱼饲料中乳酸菌的最适添加水平。选择体况良好、健康且体重相近的鲤鱼400尾,按照单因子试验设计,将其均分为4个处理组,每组100尾鲤鱼。对照组鲤鱼投喂基础饲料;试验1组鲤鱼投喂基础饲料+0.25%乳酸菌;试验2组鲤鱼投喂基础饲料+0.5%乳酸菌;试验3组鲤鱼投喂基础饲料+1.0%乳酸菌。试验周期分为7天的预饲期和60天的正式试验期。试验结束,检测各组鲤鱼肠道酶活性。结果表明：试验2组和试验3组鲤鱼肠道中蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组和试验1组（P <0.05）;试验2组和试验3组鲤鱼肠道中淀粉酶的活性显著高于对照组（P <0.05）,而试验1组鲤鱼肠道淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性有比对照组提高的趋势,但未达到显著性水平（P> 0.05）;试验2组和试验3组鲤鱼肠道蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性差异不显著（P> 0.05）。     

植酸酶对鲤鱼生长及磷利用率的影响

选用300尾体重为50 g左右的鲤鱼鱼种,随机分为5组:对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组。对照组饲喂基础饲料,Ⅰ组饲喂每千克添加1500 U植酸酶的基础饲料,Ⅱ组饲喂每千克添加3000 U植酸酶的基础饲料,Ⅲ组饲喂每千克添加4.5 g Ca(H2PO4)2的基础饲料,Ⅳ组饲喂每千克添加8.9 g Ca(H2PO4)2的基础饲料。结果显示:饲料中添加3000 U/kg和1500 U/kg植酸酶显著地促进了鲤鱼生长,降低了饲料系数,提高了饲料中磷的利用率。与对照组相比,3000 U/kg和1500 U/kg植酸酶组鲤鱼的增重率分别提高61.06%和52.81%,鲤鱼对饲料中磷的表观消化率分别提高65.63%和61.65%,粪磷含量分别下降24.58%和22.88%。本试验表明:植酸酶可以显著地促进鲤鱼的生长和提高磷的利用率。     

光合细菌对鲤鱼消化功能及养殖环境影响的研究

本文通过光合细菌对鲤鱼肠道消化酶的变化状况、光合细菌在养殖水体中的增殖和分布规律以及它对水体中异养细菌和水质影响的研究,阐明了光合细菌在该生态系统中的作用。     

微生态制剂对鱼类肠道结构和消化酶活性的影响

近年来我国水产养殖业迅猛发展,但同时病害频发,养殖环境日趋恶化,再加上抗生素的滥用所带来的诸多负面影响,严重困扰了我国水产养殖业的长足发展。根据微生态理论研究研制的微生态制剂体现出许多优越性,可以克服滥用抗生素引起的鱼类内源性感染或二重感染、鱼类的抗药性以及免疫功能下降等弊端,具有显著增强其免疫功能、抗病、促生长、提高饲料利用率等特点。但是微生态制剂在鱼类上发挥抗病、促生长、提高饲料利用率机理的研究较少,本文将综述微生态制剂对鱼类肠道结构和消化酶活性影响方面的研究情况和进展。1微生态制剂对鱼类肠道结构的…     

黄河鲤鱼核型和银染核型的研究

本文采用活体制片法制备染色体标本,研究了黄河鲤鱼的核型,并同鲤鱼进行了分析比较.结果表明:黄河鲤鱼与鲤鱼的染色体数均为2n=100,核型公式均为(18m+38sm十22st+22t),臂数为156,未发现与性别有关的异型性染色体对.本文同时比较研究黄河鲤鱼与鲤鱼的银染核型发现,二者在st组第3号染色体上均有两个明显的银染点,但在鲤鱼中较小,黄河鲤鱼则具有特大的Ag—NORs.以上结果表明,黄河鲤鱼与鲤鱼的核型基本相同,银染核型则差别明显.     

河南省黄河鲤鱼初步调查报告

黄河鲤鱼，自古称美。不仅是因为它金鳞赤尾，鲜明可爱，主要是它的肉质细嫩鲜美，向来被颂为食品之上味。古谚云：“洛鲤伊鲂，贵于牛羊。”诗经记载：“岂其食鱼，必河之鲤。”医林篡药记载：“彩而金者，洛鲤最贵，江汉次之，吴会而下。”这洛鲤指的就足黄河鲤鱼……。     

不同免疫增强剂对仿刺参肠道消化酶活性及组织结构的影响

在15±0.5℃条件下,向初始体质量为(21.00±2.00)g的仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicas Selenka)体内注射400μL(质量浓度为1.2 mg·mL-1)几种免疫增强剂(黄芪多糖、枸杞多糖、黄柏提取物、苦参提取物、党参提取物、菊粉、天蚕素、神曲提取物、山楂提取物),第1、3、5d时测定仿刺参肠道消化酶活性,第5d时制作前肠组织切片,研究不同免疫增强剂对仿刺参肠道消化酶活性及组织结构的影响。结果表明,在注射免疫增强剂后第3d,菊粉组仿刺参肠道蛋白酶活性最高,达15.16μg·g-1·min-1,与对照组7.07μg·g-1·min-1差异显著(P<0.05),而黄柏提取物抑制了蛋白酶活性;神曲组淀粉酶活性达72.57 U·dl-1,与对照组(53.2 U·dl-1)差异显著(P<0.05);菊粉和山楂提取物对仿刺参肠道纤维素酶活性影响显著(P<0.05),其他处理组与对照比较无明显变化(P>0.05);黄芪多糖组褐藻酸酶活性最高,达2.06μg·g-1·min-1,其次是菊粉组。在养殖试验期间淀粉酶比活力变化趋势较稳定,纤维素酶次之,褐藻酸酶和蛋白酶变化幅度较大。各种免疫增强剂对仿刺参肠道组织结构的影响不同,黄柏、苦参提取物损伤了组织结构,而黄芪多糖、菊粉等促进了细胞分泌。     

黄河鲤全同胞家系的微卫星标记亲子鉴定

本研究利用11个高度多态的微卫星标记对26个黄河鲤(Cyprinus carpio haematoperus)全同胞家系中的417尾体重较大的正常体色个体(黄河鲤较大个体)和52尾红色个体(红鲤表型个体)进行了亲子鉴定。11个微卫星座位的平均等位基因数、平均观测杂合度(H_o)、平均期望杂合度(H_e)和平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为8.2、0.792、0.792和0.76。当双亲未知且置信度为95%时,11个座位的累积排除概率达99.79%。除29尾黄河鲤较大个体以外,388尾黄河鲤较大个体和52尾红鲤表型个体准确地找到了其父母本,实际鉴定率为93.82%。通过对子代数目超过20尾的7个黄河鲤家系生长性状的比较分析,本研究成功鉴定出子代生长性状优良的黄河鲤亲本组合及其家系,同时也鉴定出包含隐性红色基因的黄河鲤杂合亲本,为进一步选育表型和体色纯正且生长快速的黄河鲤新品种提供了理论依据和技术手段。     

Effects of Quillaja saponins on growth,feed efficiency,digestive enzyme activities and metabolism of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L)

Common carp were fed diets containing various levels of Quillaja saponins (QS) (0, 150, 300 and 450 mg kg^?1 dry diet) in a completely computerized respirometric system for 4 weeks. Fish fed diets containing QS exhibited significantly higher ABW and specific growth rate than did those fed the control diet; those fed diets containing QS 150 grew fastest but were not significantly different from those fed diets with QS 300 and QS 00450. All the utilization efficiency indices, namely food conversion efficiency (FCE), protein productive value and PG were increased by QS supplementation. There were no significant differences in the average routine metabolic rate between treatments, indicating that dietary QS at the levels tested were not toxic to the carp. Increases in amylase and trypsin specific activities were observed at QS 300 and QS 450. Enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as G6PDH, 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase were not significantly affected by dietary QS. Activities of the aerobic enzyme Cox and to a limited extent that of the anaerobic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase were significantly increased by dietary QS but the net effect was a shift towards aerobic metabolism, indicating absence of stress and favouring the anabolic processes. Thus, Quillaja saponin was beneficial as a feed supplement in the common carp.     

The effects of dietary inulin on growth performances,survival and digestive enzyme activities of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inulin on growth performance, diet utilization, survival rate, carcass composition and digestive enzymes activities (amylase, lipase and protease) of carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry (0.55 ± 0.02 g). After acclimation, fish were allocated into 9 tanks (40 fish per tank) and triplicate fish groups were fed, control diet (0 g) or diets containing 5 g and 10 g inulin kg^?1 for 7 weeks. No significant effect on growth performance and diet utilization of fish fed inulin compared with the control group was observed. However, supplementation of inulin significantly increased survival rate and carcass lipid content, while carcass protein content significantly decreased. Dietary inulin had no significant effects on digestive lipase, protease and amylase activities.     

氧化鱼油对鲤抗应激能力的影响

在半纯化饲料中分别加入３％新鲜鱼油（ＰＯＶ１．２８ｍｅｑ／ｋｇ）和ＰＯＶ分别为５９．２８、１１８．７９和１８９．３７ｍｅｑ／ｋｇ的氧化鱼油,投喂体重１００ｇ左右２龄鱼种,１５周后进行抗应激试验,结果：氧化鱼油可导致鲁白细胞吞噬活性增强（Ｐ〈０．０５）,说明鲁非特异性的细胞免疫应答水平提高,处于应激状态,病原应激和运输应激实验结果证实,长期处于应激状态的鲤,其抗应激能力减弱。     

Gene structure of carp Cyprinus carpio cathepsin B

ABSTRACT:   The 2474 nucleotides of carp cathepsin B gene (corresponding to the part of open reading frame and 3'non-coding region of cDNA) have been determined by polymerase chain reaction cloning, which was organized into nine exons and eight introns. The boundary sequences of the exon-intron junctions conformed to the GT/AG consensus rule. One polyadenylation signal sequece of AATAAA was found in the 3'non-coding region. The sizes of the determined introns were approximately 100-200 bp in length (varied from 71 bp-239 bp), which were significantly shorter than those of mouse cathepsin B gene.     

西江人工鱼巢增殖鲤鱼效果评估

2015~2016年在西江郁南、云安和高要江段开展了人工鱼巢增殖鲤鱼的实验工作,通过实施期间鱼巢粘附鱼卵数量以及同期鲤鱼资源状况调查对其增殖效果进行了评价。结果表明:两年人工鱼巢分别粘附鱼卵量达4.78亿粒和4.66亿粒,粘附鱼卵孵化出膜后统计全部为鲤鱼,按照自然水体鲤鱼苗的成活率5%计算,两年分别可增殖鲤鱼苗2 120万尾和2 020万尾,实现渔业捕捞经济效益增长达1 272万元和1 212万元。实践证明:选择好适宜的鱼巢投放位置和下水时间,保持鱼巢材料的新鲜能使人工鱼巢达到更好的效果,人工鱼巢是一种简单可行且易推广的鱼类增殖方法。     

牛磺酸缓解脂质氧化日粮对黄河鲤生长性能和肠道健康的负面影响

为了探究牛磺酸对脂质氧化饲料饲喂下黄河鲤生长性能和肠道健康的影响,实验先用等量的氧化鱼油（记为OFO）替换基础日粮（记为FO）中的新鲜鱼油,接着将不同含量（0.4%、0.8% 和1.2%）的牛磺酸分别加入OFO组饲料中（分别记为T0.4、T0.8和T1.2）,对初始体重为（8.74±0.01）g的黄河鲤进行为期10周的养殖实验。结果显示,与FO组相比,OFO组的终末体质量、增重率、特定增长率和饲料效率均显著降低。上述所有指标在T0.4、T0.8和T1.2组中均显著高于OFO组。另外,OFO组中肝胰脏抗氧化酶的mRNA表达水平显著低于FO组,而牛磺酸添加组中肝胰脏和肠道的抗氧化酶mRNA表达均有不同程度的上调。与FO组相比,OFO组中的肠道消化酶活性,肠绒毛高度、肠绒毛宽度和肌层厚度均显著降低,而在牛磺酸添加组中均得到提高。同样的,OFO组中肠道微生物组成的丰富度和多样性显著降低,条件致病菌丰度明显升高,而有益菌的丰度却有所下降,这些不良现象在牛磺酸组中均得到明显改善。研究表明,牛磺酸可缓解脂质氧化饲料对黄河鲤造成的生长性能抑制、肠道组织结构破坏、消化功能下降及肠道菌群紊乱等不良影响。结合本研究结果,在氧化脂质饲料中牛磺酸的建议添加剂量为0.4~0.8%。本研究为进一步探索牛磺酸对鱼类肠道的生物学功能奠定理论基础。     

Effect of supplemental phytase on growth, phosphorus digestibility and bone mineralization of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L)

The effect of dietary phytase on phosphorus (P) digestibility, growth, bone mineralization and plasma P of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was investigated. Five diets, D0, DP, PHYT1, PHYT2 and PHYT4, were used. D0 contained no supplement. DP was supplemented with 2.6 g P (Na₂HPO₄× 2H₂O) kg⁻¹. PHYT1, PHYT2 and PHYT4 comprised 1000, 2000 and 4000 U phytase [Ronozyme P (CT)] kg⁻¹. D0, PHYT1, PHYT2, PHYT4 had average of 7.95 g P kg⁻¹; DP contained 10.3 g P kg⁻¹. After 126 days of feeding, fish grew from 115 to 347 g (D0), 583.7 g (DP), 352.6 g (PHYT1), 393.3 g (PHYT2) and 406.4 g (PHYT4). Addition of phytase significantly increased daily feed intake, but only led to a marginal improvement in the weight gain, SGR and FCR of fish fed PHYT2 and PHYT4 compared with fish fed D0. Fish fed DP showed the best (P<0.05) growth performances. Fish fed DP and PHYT4 significantly digested dietary P more than the fish fed D0. Fish fed D0, PHYT1, PHYT2 and PHYT4 retained higher (P<0.05) Zn in their bones than fish fed DP. However, there was no further effect on bone mineralization. Plasma P scarcely improved by between 14% and 26% in fish fed PHYT2 and PHYT4 relative to fish fed D0. P concentration of the faeces was reduced by about 9–22% in fish fed PHYT1 and PHYT4 compared with fish fed D0.     

棉酚对鲤鱼急性中毒的研究

鲤鱼（体重约16克）腹腔注射乙酸棉酚0，7．3，54，100，200，400mg/kg体重，经四天（96小时）后，死亡率分别是0，0，20％，70％，90％，100％。96小时半数致死剂量是63．6mg/kg体重。注射剂量高于54mg/kg体重时，发生腹腔红肿、体壁溃烂，甚至死亡。实验结果说明虽然棉籽水平的棉酚不引起鲤鱼的任何可见的中毒症状，但是腹腔注射大剂量棉酚可引起与哺乳类相似的中毒症状。