不同授粉处理对pat－2／pat－2基因型番茄结实性的影响

以具有单性结实基因型的Ｓｅｖｅｒｉａｎｉｎ（ｐａｔ－２／ｐａｔ－２）和Ｍｏｎａｌｂｏ（ｐａｔ－２／ｐａｔ－２）及其非单性结实的姊妹系Ｍｏｎａｌｂｏ（＋／＋）为试验材料，研究了在４种不同授粉处理下的坐果率、单果重、产籽量及单株产量等方面的差异。结果表明：具有ｐａｔ－２／ｐａｔ－２基因型的番茄材料在不授粉条件下仍能坐果且果实正常膨大，而普通基因型番茄材料则不能坐果；但在正常授粉条件下，ｐａｔ－２／ｐａｔ－２型番茄产籽量低于其普通型姊妹系；就同一ｐａｔ－２／ｐａｔ－２型番茄而言，未经授粉的坐果率、单果重、单株产量等方面的一项或两项仍在不同程度上低于其正常授粉处理，其差异幅度及表现形式因材料不同而异；蕾期授粉可对ｐａｔ－２／ｐａｔ－２型番茄材料的坐果和产量产生较明显的促进作用     

影响番茄兼性单性结实及果实发育的因素

兼性单性结实番茄Severianin,RP75/59,PSet 1,Oregon Spring和Santiam可在不利环境条件下自然结果,但用植物生长调节剂点花能显著促进结果,而非单性结实番茄在相同条件下自然坐果率极低。人工蕾期辅助授粉能显著提高单性结实番茄的坐果率和单果种子数,并降低其单性结实率。去雄处理导致 Severianin和Oregon Spring的坐果率显著降低,而去雄同时授无生活力花粉能使 RP75/59的坐果率显著提高,但这两处理对其它品种的坐果率无明显影响。单性结实番茄的单果重与果内有无种子以及种子多少无明显相关,但大果型品种OregonSpring无籽果实有更高的平均单果重。     

豫番茄2号的选育

豫番茄２号以２０１－１为母本,８５－４－２为父本配制而成,中晚熟品种,无限生长型,高抗ＴＭＶ,平均单果重１８３ｇ,最大可达５００ｇ,果实粉红色,一般产量５０００￣６０００ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２。     

不同育苗方式对辣椒杂交制种产量及质量的影响

为提高辣椒制种效益,对甘肃省河西走廊辣椒杂交制种中采用的2种不同育苗方式对制种产量、质量的影响进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,基质苗比传统土壤苗有显著的增产效果,能显著提高杂交授粉坐果率、单株结果数、单株产籽量,对单果籽粒数和种子质量指标没有显著影响。     

番茄品系产量的逐步回归分析

对11个番茄育种品系选取与单株产量有关的5个性状与单株产量的关系进行逐步回归分析,结果表明：两种果型番茄的单株产量构成因素不同,小果型番茄（var．cerasiforme）的单株产量与单果重、花序数和每花序果数关系密切,每花序果数是最重要的产量因素;大果型番茄（var.vulgare）的单株产量与每花序果数和单果重关系密切,单果重是最重要的产量因素。     

籽瓜抗枯萎病新品系B06和R09的选育

Ｂ０６和Ｒ０９均系甘肃农业大学瓜类研究所培育的杂交一代抗枯萎病籽瓜新品系。Ｂ０６为黑籽籽瓜,全生育期约１３０天,果实及种子生育期５５～６０天。植株生长强健,高抗枯萎病,兼抗蔓枯病。单株坐果１～２个,产籽率约２．５％。种皮黑边白心,黑边清晰均匀,较平整,种子出仁率约 ４６％。在河西灌区产籽量 １２５～１３０ ／６６７ｍ２。较耐干旱瘠薄,适宜有灌溉条件的沙荒地和重茬地种植。 Ｒ０９为红籽籽瓜,全生育期约 １１０天,果实和种子生育期 ４０～４５天。植株长势强,肥水多易旺长,抗枯萎病,可连茬种植。单果重 ２～ ２．５ ｋｇ,产籽率约２．６％。千粒重１８０ ｇ左右,出仁率约４８％。地膜覆盖灌溉栽培产籽量１２５ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２。采收晚不易发生“胎萌”现象。     

不同授粉方式对日光温室番茄产量、品质及效益的影响

人工辅助授粉是日光温室番茄栽培的重要环节,本试验比较、分析了生产中常用的熊蜂授粉、振动器授粉和激素蘸花等3种授粉方式对日光温室番茄产量、品质及效益的影响。结果表明:熊蜂授粉处理的番茄坐果率、单果质量、单株产量、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性总糖含量均显著高于振动授粉和激素蘸花处理,而畸形果率显著低于振动授粉和激素蘸花处理,且减少人工投入,是日光温室番茄最佳的授粉方式。     

番茄主要农艺性状及前期产量的相关分析

对41个番茄育种品系的单株前期产量构成因素中的8个农艺性状进行了相关分析.结果表明:2种果型的番茄单株前期产量的规律不同,大果型番茄单株前期产量与茎粗、单果重呈极显著正相关;小果型番茄的单株前期产量与单果重呈显著正相关,与株高呈显著负相关.     

微型番茄93－1

微型番茄９３－１微型番茄９３－１是我所新育成的鲜食、加工与观赏兼用品种。该品种属矮生自封顶型，株高２０～３０厘米，叶色墨绿。主茎２～３节开始着生花序，花淡黄色。单株结果数为３０～５０个。果实状如大樱桃，单果重为３０～５０克；先绿后黄，熟时为鲜红色，无...     

早熟番茄新品种鲁番7号选育

以含Ｔｍ２＾ｎｖ抗烟草花叶病毒基因的９１－１＾ｎｖ自交系为母本,以利用Ｎ＾＋离子束辐照早霞番茄后的突变体经多代选择而成的自交系２０９－２－３０－７为父本,杂交而成的番茄一代杂种鲁番茄７号,１９９７年５月通过山东省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种属有限生长类型,果实粉红色,平均单果重１５０ｇ,早熟,前期产量约占总产量的４３％,其总产量可达５０００￣６０００ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２,高抗ＴＭＶ,较耐疫病。适     

Parthenocarpy restores fruitfulness in sterile triploid (3x) tomatoes artificially obtained by crossing 4x x 2x somaclones

Summary

To breed fruitful triploid tomatoes, diploid (2x) and tetraploid (4x) plants were regenerated from hypocotyl explants, using two pairs of near-isogenic lines differing respectively for the parthenocarpic fruit and parthenocarpic fruit-2 mutations. From 626 regenerated shoots, 53 were tetraploid. In the 4x plants, the mean number of fruits was lower than in the 2x class for all the genotypes, but in the two parthenocarpic lines it was higher than in the respective wild-types at the same ploidy level. Compared with 2x, the mean weight of 4x fruits was lower in wild-type and higher in parthenocarpic lines. Out of four cross combinations between tetraploid and diploid plants (within two parthenocarpic and two corresponding wild-type lines), only two yielded seeds (the parthenocarpic fruit line and its near-isogenic wild-type). Triploids were vegetatively propagated and evaluated in a field trial. Whereas wild-type triploids were completely sterile, the 3x parthenocarpic fruit plants had a fruit set that was not statistically different from that observed in 2x individuals. Mean fruit weight in 3x parthenocarpic plants was also higher than in 2x and comparable with 4x plants. Yield estimates in such triploids were not statistically different from those recorded in diploids, both wild-type and parthenocarpic. Triploid fruits had a soluble solids value higher than 2x fruits. The total seedlessness and the increased dry-matter content appeared traits peculiar to triploid parthenocarpic fruits. Therefore, triploids may deserve interest in breeding fresh market and processing tomatoes, providing that their commercial multiplication is ensured by micropropagation.     

Effect of pistil age and pollen parent on pollen tube growth and fruit production of pistachio

Female pistachio (Pistacia vera) trees were hand pollinated with pollen from three different male genotypes 0,1,2,3 and 4 d after anthesis. Results were measured by mature fruit set and by fluorescence microscopy of pollen germination and tube growth in the pistil. Maximum pollen tube growth and fruit set of split nuts was achieved following pollination within two days of anthesis. Three day old pistils supported pollen tube growth, but fruit set was low. Four day old pistils supported little pollen tube growth or fruit set. Significant differences were also apparent between pollen parents, with low pollen tube growth and fruit set following interspecific pollination with P. atlantica pollen. All pollen tubes were observed to penetrate chalazogamously, and parthenocarpic production of blank fruits occurred in both unpollinated and pollinated treatments. The results indicate that for optimum fruit production of pistachio, pollen transfer must be achieved within 2 d of anthesis and pollination by P. atlantica should be avoided.     

黄瓜单性结实果实发育与碳氮变化的关系

对黄瓜单性结实品系P 116 8和非单性结实品系UP 3315进行授粉和不授粉处理 ,P 116 8在不授粉的情况下 ,仍具有较好的结实性能 ,其单果质量、果长和果实体积均接近于授粉后生长的果实 ,非单性结实品系UP 3315在不授粉的情况下幼果在花后 3d(天 )就停止发育 ,不能形成产量。随着果实的生长发育 ,果实内碳、氮含量迅速增加 ,花后单果可溶性总糖和蛋白质含量与单果质量呈正相关关系     

低温和授粉对黄瓜产量构成因素的影响

以3个黄瓜耐低温品系NY-2、JY-2、Hot-1和低温敏感品种津研4号为材料,研究授粉(授粉与不授粉)和温度(28℃/18℃与28℃/12℃)对黄瓜产量和节位数、雌花节位百分率、坐果率3个产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,各耐低温品系在低温下产量相对较高的原因有所不同。与津研4号相比,低温下JY-2节位数较多,NY-2花粉更耐低温,而Hot-1有较高的单性结实能力;NY-2花粉的耐低温能力高于津研4号和JY-2,低温下用NY-2花粉授粉的JY-2和Hot-1植株可以获得比用JY-2花粉授粉植株更高的产量。     

飞船搭载对西瓜SP_2植物学性状及果实经济性状变异的影响

在飞船搭载西瓜种子(品种浙蜜2号高代自交系)SP1(航天1代)试验的基础上对SP_2(航天2代)的试验结果进行分析,研究了各SP2株系植物学性状和果实经济性状等的变异和遗传稳定性。结果表明:西瓜各SP2株系果实大小及中心可溶性固形物含量继续发生变异,尚未稳定,有91.6%的株系平均中心可溶性固形物含量高于对照,某些株系内部植株果实表面产生蜡粉、种子变大等变异,其他性状如植物学性状等与SP_1及对照相似,未发生变化。     

茄子甲硫氨酸亚砜还原酶（SmMsrA）基因cDNA全长的克隆和分析

 以茄子单性结实品系D-10花后7 d的单性结实果实为试材,并以在茄子单性结实抑制差减文库中差异表达的EST片段Z569为基础,利用RACE技术,获得一个934 bp的cDNA全长序列,为甲硫氨酸亚砜还原酶A基因,命名为SmMsrA。基因编码区共600 bp,编码199个氨基酸。氨基酸序列分析显示该基因编码的蛋白具有甲硫氨酸亚砜还原酶基因家族结构域和保守基本序列GCFWG,与杨树甲硫氨酸亚砜还原酶A（MsrA）蛋白三级结构相似性较高,为67%。蛋白多序列比对和进化树分析表明,SmMsrA与番茄MsrA蛋白的同源性最高（92%）,进化距离最近。采用荧光定量PCR对单性结实品系D-10和非单性结实品系03-2中不同结实性果实发育过程中SmMsrA的表达量进行测定,结果表明：在不同结实性的子房和果实发育过程中SmMsrA基因都有表达,单性结实品系在低温条件下开花当天子房中的SmMsrA的表达量最高。     

Flower morphology and number of aubergine (Solanum melongena L.) in relation to fruit load and auxin application

The effect of fruit load and auxin application on the flower morphology and flower number of two aubergine cultivars was investigated under greenhouse conditions. The flowers of plants that did not set fruit showed only minor fluctuations in flower and pistil mass, and in style and anther length. However, when plants were allowed to set fruit by pollination, flower and pistil mass, and style (but not anther) length were significantly reduced during the stage of fruit growth. Style length was also reduced in flowers formed after fruit had been set parthenocarpically by the application of auxin (IAA), but there was no significant effect of IAA on style length in the absence of fruit development. The number of flowers was reduced in the presence of IAA (with or without fruit set), or following fruit set by pollination. It is suggested that fruit load and development affect flower mass and style length of aubergine whereas auxin influences the number of flowers.     

茄子单性结实基因的遗传分析及AFLP分子标记

以茄子单性结实自交系D-10和非单性结实自交系03-2为试验材料,研究了单性结实基因的遗传特性及其AFLP标记。对杂交后代F₁、F₂、BC₁单性结实性表现型分离比例的分析表明,茄子D-10的单性结实性由单显性核基因控制,其基因用符号Pat表示。采用AFLP分析技术和改良BAS法,通过512对E/M引物组合的筛选,获得1个与茄子单性结实基因紧密连锁的AFLP标记E75/M53-70,该标记与单性结实基因间的遗传图距为15.38 cM,可用于茄子单性结实性的鉴定和单性结实分子标记辅助育种,加速茄子单性结实基因的转育和利用。