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张晓娟 《养殖与饲料.饲料世界》2022,(1)
全混合日粮(TMR)是全价饲料中的一种,它将精粗饲料按照动物的营养需要配制成混合饲料,该饲料能够为动物提供均衡的营养。为此,本文介绍了全混合日粮的配制原则:保证育肥肉牛TMR的全价性,改善育肥肉牛TMR的适口性,促进育肥肉牛的生长,提高育肥肉牛的饲料报酬率,保证育肥肉牛处于健康水平;从原料选择、营养参数设置、原料评价、原料加工、混合设备选择、水分控制等方面简述了提高全混合日粮配制质量的技术方案,该技术具有普遍适应性,能为肉牛养殖业提供帮助。 相似文献
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奶牛配合饲料(TMR),在近几年随着规模化奶牛场的发展,这项技术推广很快。同时,TMR也是一个系统,它包括原料、加工、管理等过程,应该从人、机、料、法、环等环节加强分析和控制。只有保持每一批TMR的质量稳定,才能发挥到预期的效果。通过几年的实践,我们认为在生产中应从以下几方面人手进行控制,才能保证TMR的质量。TMR日粮的干物质控制1.1青贮饲料干物质的控制青贮饲料窖中,上层与下层的干物质含量差异在20%左右。据我们掌握的数据,30%以下干物质的青贮饲料上层干物质高,下层干物质低; 相似文献
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裹包全混合日粮瘤胃降解特性的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
试验选用2头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛作为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法研究了裹包贮存、精粗比和水分含量对全混合日粮(TMR)营养成分瘤胃降解特性的影响。结果表明:裹包贮存可显著提高TMR饲料干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的瘤胃消失率和有效降解率(P0.05)。DM和CP的瘤胃消失率及有效降解率随TMR饲料精料水平的提高显著增加(P0.05)。水分含量60%组TMR饲料中CP的有效降解率显著高于40%和50%组(P0.05),40%和50%组间差异不显著(P0.05)。因此,裹包贮存可提高TMR饲料中营养物质瘤胃消失率和有效降解率(P0.05),营养物质的瘤胃消失率和有效降解率随TMR饲料精粗比的增加而增加,水分含量对裹包TMR中不同营养物质的消失率和有效降解率有不同影响。 相似文献
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为研究TMR全混合日粮对驴规模化舍饲育肥的影响,提高驴规模化养殖效益,开展了全混合日粮(TMR)规模化舍饲育肥试验。选取40头育肥驴,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头,试验组使用TMR全混合日粮,对照组使用传统粉料,试验期90天,观测育肥驴饲料消耗、体重变化。结果显示,TMR试验组比对照组平均日增重提高16.25%,(P<0.05);饲料报酬提高8.72%;平均每千克体重成本降低饲料0.46元,多盈利148.57元/头。研究表明,TMR全混合日粮可以显著提高驴的平均日增重,降低饲料成本,增加养殖效益。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究发酵菌种对生物饲料及全混合日粮(TMR)霉菌生长的影响。试验1:0.1%的枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母菌及植物乳杆菌混合添加至基础日粮中,按照比例分为7组,对照组不添加菌种,将各组置于孟加拉红平板培养基上,测定霉菌生长区域占平板面积的百分比。结果显示:饲料经过发酵可有效抑制霉菌生长;含有植物乳酸菌发酵的生物饲料对霉菌抑制效果均较好,枯草芽孢杆菌和酿酒酵母菌共同发酵的饲料对霉菌的抑制效果最差。试验2:在TMR日粮中添加100 g/kg试验1中的生物饲料,测定各组TMR在室温(13℃)和高温(26℃)条件下的温度变化和霉菌生长情况。结果显示:常温试验中,添加植物乳酸菌发酵的生物饲料的TMR温度和霉菌总数显著低于对照组(P<0.05),添加枯草芽孢杆菌和酿酒酵母共同发酵的生物饲料的TMR温度最高;高温试验中,除枯草芽孢杆菌与酿酒酵母混合菌种组,其余各生物饲料发酵菌种处理组TMR温度和霉菌总数显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,植物乳酸菌是主要抑制霉菌生长的菌种,加入酿酒酵母菌或枯草芽孢杆菌,抑制霉菌生长效果更佳;两菌发酵和三菌发酵中,枯草芽孢杆菌和酿酒酵母菌间具有拮抗... 相似文献
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Zhumei Du Seishi Yamasaki Tetsuji Oya Damiao Nguluve Benedito Tinga Felicidade Macome Yimin Cai 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)
To effectively utilize total mixed ration (TMR) prepared with locally available feed resources, we studied the nutritional value and milk production in Jersey dairy cattle fed a local general diet (LGD) and fermented TMR in Mozambique. Ten head of Jersey dairy cattle with 337 ± 19.8 kg body weight, aged 3–4 years in mid location were used in this study. The LGD diet was designed following the general feeding method of local smallholding farms; it contained native grass, Napier grass, wheat bran, and mineral–vitamin mix. Fermented TMR was prepared using Napier grass, corn bran, wheat bran, formula feed, and mineral–vitamin mix. Fermented TMR was preserved as good quality, with a relatively low pH and high lactic acid content. Compared to LGD, fermented TMR significantly improved the dry matter intake and digestibility in dairy cattle. Milk yield was significantly higher in dairy cattle fed with TMR than in those fed with LGD, by 3.75 L/d; milk quality was not significantly different between treatments. The results confirmed that LGD had a low dry matter intake and milk yield, and fermented TMR prepared with local feed resources can attain good quality and improve milk yield in dairy cattle in Mozambique. 相似文献
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针对我国粗饲料资源较差以及广泛存在的青贮铡切较长等现实问题,本研究旨在为制定适合于中国饲料资源条件的青贮以及不同生长和泌乳阶段奶牛的TMR分级标准提供基础数据。本试验对北京地区规模化奶牛场的玉米青贮和TMR样品进行颗粒度筛分和常规营养成分测定,并与美国宾州颗粒度分级筛(PSPS)的TMR颗粒度和日粮NDF推荐值进行比较。通过比对发现我国玉米青贮的饲料颗粒度普遍偏大,第一层筛网上的饲料比例远超过宾州筛3%~5%的推荐值。新产牛和高产牛TMR样品位于第一层筛网上的饲料比例绝大多数超过了8%,第二层筛网上的饲料比例比美国推荐值要低15%~25%,这可能是由于粗饲料(青贮和干草)颗粒度过长造成的。高产牛和新产牛日粮NDF含量处于35%~42%,基本上在美国宾州筛推荐的中低产奶牛日粮的NDF范围,这与我国的粗饲料资源有限、质量不高、粗饲料铡切长度有关。因而,我国牧场不能照搬美国宾州筛的TMR分级标准,而应根据我国粗饲料的国情,制订适合于中国饲料资源条件的青贮与不同生长和泌乳阶段奶牛的TMR分级标准。 相似文献
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Makoto Miyaji Hiroki Matsuyama Kenji Hosoda Kazuhisa Nonaka 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(6):483-488
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of substituting brown rice grain for corn grain in total mixed ration (TMR) silage containing food by‐products on the milk production, whole‐tract nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in dairy cows. Six multiparous Holstein cows were used in a crossover design with two dietary treatments: a diet containing 30.9% steam‐flaked corn (corn TMR) or 30.9% steam‐flaked brown rice (rice TMR) with wet soybean curd residue and wet soy sauce cake. Dietary treatment did not affect the dry matter intake, milk yield and compositions in dairy cows. The dry matter and starch digestibility were higher, and the neutral detergent fiber digestibility was lower for rice TMR than for corn TMR. The urinary nitrogen (N) excretion as a proportion of the N intake was lower for rice TMR than for corn TMR with no dietary effect on N secretion in milk and fecal N excretion. These results indicated that the replacement of corn with brown rice in TMR silage relatively reduced urinary N loss without adverse effects on feed intake and milk production, when food by‐products such as soybean curd residue were included in the TMR silage as dietary crude protein sources. 相似文献
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全混合日粮(TMR)技术在规模化奶牛场的应用效果调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究全混合日粮技术在奶牛生产中的应用效果。从2006年开始,我们在永济市超人奶业公司引进韩国TMR设备,对800头奶牛按照个体产奶量高低进行分群,利用计算机管理系统配制了不同的日粮配方,开始实施全混合日粮技术,并对实施前后的效果进行综合分析。TMR技术实施后,节约劳动力40人;降低饲料成本4%~5%;减少了疾病投入,年节约医疗费用5万元;提高了奶牛的产奶量和奶品质量,年增加产奶量30万公斤以上,乳脂率和乳蛋白分别达到4.2%和3.3%。 相似文献
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关于推进中国奶牛全混合日粮饲养技术的思考 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
全混合日粮(total mixed ration ,TMR)饲养技术的使用能够保证奶牛摄入均衡的营养,节省大量的人力和物力,并提高奶牛的生产性能,在中国加快推进TMR饲养技术有着重要的现实意义。而中国现阶段奶牛的饲养模式主要以小规模养殖为主,由于缺乏资金和技术支持,大多数中、小型奶牛场、养殖户还不能使用TMR饲喂技术来提高奶牛生产性能。TMR配送服务是由专门的配送公司集中生产不同饲养阶段的TMR日粮,再提供给周边养牛户的一种生产配送形式。此种方式可以使小规模奶牛养殖户也能用到TMR饲喂技术,从而提高奶牛生产水平,增加养殖者收益,并且推进TMR技术在中国的推广和应用。 相似文献
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J. Boguhn H. Kluth M. Bulang T. Engelhard J. Spilke M. Rodehutscord 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(6):694-704
The objective was to study whether thermally treated lupins (TTL) can replace solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) and rapeseed meal (RSM) in dairy cow rations. Three total mixed rations (TMR) were used. They differed in the inclusion of the main protein feeds (TTL alone, TTL + RSM and RSM + SBM) but were equal in organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy content. In vitro organic matter fermentation was not significantly different between the TMR. Efficiency of microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis was significantly higher for TMR RSM + SBM than for TTL. In vitro gas production potential was similar for the three TMR. The maximal rate of gas production was achieved later in TMR TTL than in RSM + SBM. Feed intake of dairy cows was significantly lower when TMR TTL was fed than when TMR TTL + RSM or RSM + SBM were fed. Milk yield was significantly lower with the high inclusion rate of TTL in comparison with the other TMR. The contents of milk protein and milk fat were significantly lower when the two TTL containing TMR were fed in comparison with the RSM + SBM ration. Effects of TTL inclusion on MCP synthesis may affect the amino acid supply to the duodenum of cows to a greater extent than differences in the degradability of feed proteins. 相似文献