五唇兰不同器官的光合特性研究

以3年生五唇兰组培苗为试验材料,研究其唇瓣、萼片、花瓣、根、假鳞茎及叶片等不同器官的光合荧光特性,以期明确五唇兰进行光合作用的器官,探究其不同器官的光合生理特性。结果表明:五唇兰唇瓣背部有气孔分布且气孔密度明显低于叶片;五唇兰不同器官的叶绿素含量表现为叶片根假鳞茎唇瓣萼片花瓣,其中根为叶片的31.2%,假鳞茎为叶片的21.3%;叶绿素a/b的值均低于2.1,根、假鳞茎、唇瓣分别为2.047、1.991、0.458;五唇兰花朵部位均无荧光值,叶片的PSⅡ实际光量子效率曲线[Y(Ⅱ)]、表观电子传递速率曲线(ETR)、光化学淬灭系数曲线(qP)、非光化学淬灭系数曲线(NPQ)均高于假鳞茎,Fv/Fm无显著差异。综合分析得出五唇兰的叶片、假鳞茎、根、唇瓣均能进行光合作用,为植株生长提供营养。叶片是五唇兰的主要光合器官,假鳞茎和根是光合作用的辅助器官,唇瓣对弱光的利用能力最大。     

迷你文心兰养护手册(下)

八、假鳞茎假鳞茎之于迷你文心兰非常重要,可以说,养迷你文心兰,养的就是假鳞茎。假鳞茎越胖越大,则花剑越多,花量越大。我私将迷你文心兰的假鳞茎分为三种一今年之前生长出的开过花的老假鳞茎、今年春天生长出的新假鳞茎(图8)、今年秋冬季生长出的假鳞茎。1.今年之前生长出的开过花的老假鳞茎一今年不会再出花剑。     

栽培基质对三棱虾脊兰生长发育的影响

针对三棱虾脊兰引种过程中成活率低、长势弱二大难题,将栽培基质作为研究因子,以原生地土样为对照,采用草炭、橡树叶和陶粒按6种不同配比制的相应的栽培基质,用于栽植野外引种的带芽三棱虾脊兰假鳞茎。研究不同基质对植株生长发育、开花性状以及净光合效率的影响。结果表明:草炭、橡树叶、陶粒按8∶1∶1的体积比混合所得的基质优于对照和其它配方,能显著促进植株生长和根系的发育,叶长可达到9.9 cm、花朵直径可达到2.69 cm、平均根量11条、根系活力5.07μg.g-1.h-1。该基质的毛管孔隙度与非毛管孔隙度比例为2.27、含水量为35%,适宜三棱虾脊兰的生长,可为其温室栽培提供有利的参考因子。     

雾培对网纹甜瓜生长和产量及品质的影响

以基质培和水培为对照,研究了雾培对网纹甜瓜植株生长、产量和品质的影响.结果表明:雾培网纹甜瓜的株高、茎粗、叶片数、根长、根体积、根系活力和根干物质积累均高于水培和基质培,说明雾培能促进网纹甜瓜植株生长,使其根系发达,长势旺盛.雾培网纹甜瓜单瓜重极显著高于水培和基质培;果实可溶性固形物和维生素C含量与水培和基质培差异不显著;雾培可溶性总糖含量显著低于基质培;有机酸含量显著高于水培,但与基质培差异不显著;蛋白质含量显著高于基质培,说明雾培在显著提高网纹甜瓜产量的同时果实品质有所下降.     

洋葱黑粉病和软腐病的预防

<正>1洋葱黑粉病黑粉病为洋葱的普通病害,局部地区发生分布。通常病情较轻,对生产无明显影响,病害重时显著影响洋葱产量和质量。症状:此病在洋葱全生育期都可发生,主要在苗期发病形成危害。植株染病后生长衰弱,叶片浅黄,肿大而向下弯曲。拔出病株可见鳞茎表面有铁灰色疱状肿瘤,有时叶鞘或叶片上也产生银灰色肿胀条斑。最后病疱破裂,散出黑色粉末。发病严重时植株成片枯死。贮藏期鳞茎可继续发     

兜兰的工厂化栽培(下)

正(接上期)湿度管理兜兰没有假鳞茎,其抗干旱能力比石斛兰、大花惠兰等要差,因此,忌根部干燥。生长季节除盆土浇水外,还应多给叶面喷水,并在地上洒水,维持较高的空气湿度。高温多湿时要注意通风。冬季室内干燥,必须进行地面洒水,以保证叶片和花芽的正常生长。水肥管理兜兰的根为肉质根,植株积水过多易造成烂根,因此浇水要做到"干透、湿     

苗期紫外线B照射对丝瓜叶片生长和生理活性的影响

以‘维科1号’丝瓜为试材,研究了不同紫外线B(UV-B)处理对苗期丝瓜生长和生理活性的影响。结果表明:适量的UV-B照射可以起到促进丝瓜植株生长,提高水分利用效率的作用;持续的UV-B照射会抑制丝瓜植株生长,降低丝瓜叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度,加重PSII光抑制,同时可以提高叶片水分利用效率和叶片抗氧化酶活性;而只在苗期进行10d的UV-B照射,可以明显促进植株生长,提高成苗的叶片净光合速率,但同时降低气孔导度,从而大幅提高叶片的光合水分利用效率,同时苗期UV-B处理明显增加了成苗叶片抗氧化酶活性,从而提高成苗叶片的光抑制抗性;试验表明苗期适量的UV-B照射是促进丝瓜植株生长,同时减少水分消耗的经济、有效的方法。     

四种外源有害物质残留对白及药材质量和安全的影响

以中药材白及为试材,利用多菌灵和草甘膦喷施植株或重金属镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)处理种植土壤,检测4种外源有害物质的残留量,评估农药和重金属残留对白及药材质量和安全的影响,以期为白及生产、经营和监管提供参考依据.结果 表明:农药残留速测卡和液相色谱-串联质谱法检测到白及假鳞茎多菌灵残留量均低于国家限量标准;白及经过当年喷施和连续2年喷施草甘膦,其假鳞茎草甘膦残留量均超过国家限量标准,分别达到0.057 3mg·kg-1和0.061 2 mg·kg-1.白及经浓度为1.0～50.0 mg·kg-1的Cd处理,叶、假鳞茎和根中Cd含量均高于国家限量标准,且随处理浓度升高呈增高趋势.白及经浓度为500～2 000 mg·kg-1的Pb处理,叶、假鳞茎和根中Pb含量随处理浓度升高呈增高趋势,除浓度为500 mg·kg-1的Pb处理组叶片Pb含量低于国家限量标准,其余均高于国家限量标准.综上所述,多菌灵残留量较少,对白及药材质量影响较小或不影响;草甘膦以及重金属Cd、Pb残留量较高,均影响白及药材质量和使用安全.     

不同基质通透性对草莓生长及光合特性的影响

试验以草莓为试材,研究4种不同通透性的基质对草莓生长和光合特性的影响.结果表明,添加炉渣和草炭的基质容重变小,通气状况明显改善,为草莓根系发育创造良好的通气条件,形成强大的根系,促进养分的吸收利用和植株地上部的发育,捕获光的能力得到加强,但叶片质量有所下降,使叶片气孔导度下降,减少了CO2的吸收,影响了光合速率,同时降低蒸腾速率,提高水分利用效率,使植株光合产物积累增多,产量提高.而添加腐叶土的基质容重变大,通气孔隙变小,不利于植株根系发育,影响养分吸收、植株发育和产量形成.     

中药渣有机基质栽培番茄试验研究

以中药厂废渣为原料制成的中药渣有机基质添加不同比例的无机基质,进行番茄无土栽培试验.试验结果表明,与对照土壤栽培相比,中药渣有机基质配以25%～50%的无机基质,有利于番茄植株株高、茎粗和叶片的生长,促进早中期番茄叶片叶绿素的形成,提高番茄产量.     

Effect of propagation material on some quality attributes of strawberry fruit (Fragaria x ananassa, var. Selva)

In the Mediterranean region, cold-stored plants (summer planting system) are used as the main strawberry planting material (plant establishing period July–August). However, recently fresh plants (winter planting system) have also started being used for strawberry production (plant establishing period October–November). As the plantations originated from cold-stored or fresh plants differ in plant growth and yield, some differences in fruit quality have also been expected; therefore, the objective of the current study was to compare fruit quality of plants originated from different propagation material. Cold-stored plants were well developed before the beginning of the spring harvest, while fresh plants continued growth concomitantly with fruiting. The harvesting period of cold-stored plants lasted 4–6 weeks (second week of April–second half of May). Fresh plants produced fewer and larger fruits than cold-stored plants, but for a longer harvest period, which lasted throughout all summer. Differences in soluble solids and dry matter content between the fruits from cold-stored and fresh plants were observed in the first three sampling dates in both years of the experiment. In some sampling dates, significant differences in anthocyanin, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid content, were observed between fruits of plants originated from different propagation material.     

日光温室纸膜覆盖下不同种植模式对番茄产量及根系分布的影响

以番茄为试材,在日光温室越夏茬土壤起垄纸膜覆盖条件下,对番茄单双行种植和株行距参数结构进行了研究,分析了不同种植结构对番茄植株生长、产量、品质及根系空间分布特征的影响,以期探索日光温室纸膜覆盖下番茄适宜种植结构。结果表明:单行种植模式下,随着种植密度的降低,单果质量和单株产量显著增加,最低密度处理(3.00株·m^-2)产量最高。双行种植模式下,密度处理对单果质量和单株产量没有显著影响,因此最高密度处理(3.90株·m^-2)产量最高。在最高密度处理下,番茄在0~20 cm土层的根系占总根系量85%以上,双行模式的根系生物量显著高于单行种植模式,差异主要表现在0~10 cm土层内。单行低密度处理和双行高密度处理产量较高且相近,但双行低密度种植模式利用根系生物量积累,种苗成本低,利于管理,因此在宁夏日光温室番茄越夏南北垄向栽培中,推荐采用3.00株·m^-2密度、单行种植模式。     

上海市嵌草型铺装的初步调研

针对上海市嵌草型铺装的形式及铺装中植物的种类和生长状况进行了一年四季的定点调查。结果表明:铺装中出现频率最高的植物是地锦、漆姑草等26种植物;春季、夏季、秋季和冬季铺装中生长表现属1级的分别有15种、19种1、2种1、4种植物;上海市嵌草型铺装存在的主要问题是嵌草型铺装应用比较少,植物应用比较单调,嵌草型铺装技术不成熟。     

双层播种对大蒜农艺性状的影响

以成都二水早大蒜品种为试材,研究2种种植密度及单层、双层2种播种模式对大蒜农艺性状的影响。试验结果表明,采用双层播种或加大种植密度,对大蒜植株株高、假茎高没有显著影响,但对鳞茎大小、抽薹率、独蒜率有极显著的影响。随着种植密度的增加,蒜头直径随之变小、抽薹率下降、独蒜率提高。     

社会网络、农户感知特征与兰花生产效率分析

基于农户视角,以广东韶关粤台农业合作试验区兰花种植业为例,通过数据包络分析、社会网络分析、多元回归分析等方法,探讨社会网络、农户感知特征与兰花生产效率的关系。结果表明:农户社会网络地位、农业技术培训、农户对兰花的认知等对兰花生产效率的正向影响显著;农户兼业情况对兰花生产效率产生显著负向影响;农户创业能力、受教育程度、种植规模及风险意识等对兰花生产技术效率的影响不显著;试验区特殊的地域文化在促进兰花生产效率提高的同时,也带来了一些消极影响。     

小苍兰连续6个月供花栽培技术研究

利用促成栽培、常规栽培和延迟栽培相结合的方法,使小苍兰在上海地区达到１２月至次年５月连续６个月供花。促成栽培为种球经乙烯利处理提前打破休眠,再结合低温加赤霉素处理,于１２月至次年２月供花;在高温期间采取降温措施和低温期间采取加温措施,于２月底～３月供花。常规栽培于３月底～４月底供花。延迟栽培为１２月１日～１２月２０日种植常温贮藏的小球茎,于５月份供花。     

The growth and flowering of Hymenocallis × festalis

Bulbs of Hymenocallis (including Ismene) have showy, fragrant flowers. Little is known of the horticultural potential of these plants, and observations and trials on a stock of Hymenocallis × festalis are described.

In a stock of glasshouse-raised bulbs, bulb grade exerted a marked effect of the number of florets produced, which increased from 2 in 9–10-cm-circumference bulbs, to 7 in 18–19-cm-grade bulbs. Field-raised bulbs of the same grades produced fewer florets. Bulbs were usually planted for flower production in the glasshouse in April; earlier planting (February) leading to greater floret size but a longer period in the glasshouse before anthesis. Planting could be delayed at least until June, or later flowering could be achieved by storing the dry bulbs over winter at a low temperature (5°C), but the latter treatment reduced the percentage of bulbs which flowered. The long scapes could be dwarfed by ethephon (as Ethrel). Hot-water treatment, as a pest and disease control measure, did not result in damage to the flowers provided it was delayed until after the staminal cup initial had been formed.

In the field, growth of the main bulb was more vigorous than in the glasshouse, but pot culture in the glasshouse led to copious offset production. Data are presented for bulb increases for various grades of bulbs planted in outdoor beds at rates of 350–1050 g per metre row.     

Performance of herbaceous Evolvulus pilosus on urban green roof in relation to substrate and irrigation

Rooftop gardening (or green roof establishment) is an urban greening afforestation method that has many environmental, economic, and urban landscaping benefits. For rooftop vegetation, stressful environments that include heat, strong winds, sunshine, and drought prevent many plants from growing well, especially in shallow soil. To establish low cost urban rooftop gardens with a low weight substrate in the summer, we evaluated the green coverage and growth of a suitable groundcover ornamental plant, blue daze (Evolvulus pilosus). Blue daze was used as rooftop vegetation in a shallow substrate (10 cm thick) on the flat rooftop of a four-story building in the middle of Kobe city, Japan, which has a temperate and humid climate. On average, the diurnal maximum temperatures and the total amounts of precipitation during each planting experiment between July and September were 30.8 °C and 247 mm in 2008 and 33.2 °C and 458 mm in 2009, respectively. Three different types of planting substrates (AS, amended soil, TM, turf mat as a dried-up blocks of sod, and FBA, furnace bottom ash) were tested to determine how they influenced plant cover, flowering, and growth. We evaluated the physical and chemical properties of the substrates that were used to establish the rooftop greeneries. In addition, the economy, ornamental and ecological values, reuse of material, and low rooftop weight burdens of the substrates were evaluated. The greatest blue daze ground cover occurred on the TM substrate (relative to the AS and FBA substrates) approximately three months after transplanting. The blue daze actively bloomed on all substrates throughout midsummer. However, alternate day irrigation largely reduced their shoot growth and flowering relative to daily irrigation. The AS and TM substrates had suitable physicochemical properties for use as planting substrates and had ideal solid, liquid, and vapor phase distributions and high water and nutrient holding capacities. FBA was a poor substrate with very low water and nutrient retention capacities, which resulted in depressed plant growth, especially under low watering conditions. To recycle FBA efficiently as a shallow low-cost planting substrate for rooftop gardening, the addition of coated fertilizers and organic matter to FBA should be considered to improve its water and nutrient holding capacities.     

苹果中间砧入土深度对根系生长及其激素含量和果实产量品质的影响

 以陕西杨凌试验区大田栽培的3 年生‘长富2 号’苹果为材料,结合凤翔、永寿和蒲城等 试验区的调查,研究比较矮化中间砧（M26）入土深度对富士苹果树基砧根系生长分布、根系激素含量和 果实产量品质的影响。结果表明,矮化中间砧入土深度为15 cm 时,树体细根（＜ 2 mm）主要分布在0 ~ 40 cm 土层,细根数比其他处理多13.6% ~ 41.5%,总根数多18.2% ~ 33.3%,根系干质量多11.2% ~ 68.4%, 果实产量高,单果质量大,可溶性固形物含量高,硬度大,可滴定酸含量少,着色率高,品质较好。矮 化中间砧入土深度为15 cm,树体根系中促进生长的IAA、ZR、GA 含量较高,抑制生长的ABA 含量较 少,（IAA + GA + ZR）/ABA 比值较大,有利于刺激根系的生长。研究表明矮化中间砧入土深度为15 cm 时,根系生长旺盛,细根数量较多,能够为果树生长发育提供较多养分,果实品质较好。     

The Effect of Cold Storage and Treatment with Gibberellic Acid on Flowering and Bulb Yields of Dutch Iris

Iris bulbs of the varieties Wedgewood and Prof. Blaauvv were injected with 50 or 500 μg. gibberellic acid (GA) before or after cold storage (10° C.) of 18 or 35 days. GA injection accelerated flowering by up to 19 days ; it had little or no effect on length of leaves or flower stem. It was most effective when applied at an early stage after flower initiation.

GA injection reduced bulb yield of Wedgiwood plants, and had no effect on, nor increased bulb yield of, Prof. Blaauw plants.

GA spraying (seven times at 10^-2M of GA) accelerated flowering and increased foliage growth in both varieties. It increased flower stem elongation and reduced bulb yield in Wedgfcwood plants.