三熟制稻区“旱育软盘抛寄两段育秧”方式的研究

为探讨“旱育软盘抛寄两段育秧”方式的效果，１９９７年在临澧开展了几种旱育秧方法的对比试验。结果表明，旱育软盘抛寄两段秧与旱育多两大秧相比，小苗期表现出苗整齐度、茎基宽、白根数、百株干重均较优，立枯病株率较低；寄秧期秧苗分蘖增长相对较快，最高苗数有较明显的优势；有效穗、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数均较高，增产达４３％７２％。     

双季稻软盘集中育秧抛栽高产关键技术

介绍了桃源县双季稻软盘集中育秧的规模与效果。软盘育秧抛栽的优点：省工、省力，有利于缓和季节矛盾；节省秧田；有利于早生快发，增加分蘖成穗，促进大穗形成，从而达到水稻的稳产、高产。总结了桃源县双季稻软盘集中育秧抛栽高产的关键技术。     

母本直播与父本软盘抛寄两段育秧同步技术在杂交水稻制种上的应用

在杂交水稻制种生产中,与父本软盘抛寄两段育秧技术方式、父本两段育长龄壮秧父母本同栽配套技术方式相比,母本直播与父本软盘抛寄两段育秧同步栽培技术能缩短父本秧龄,避免父本早穗,促进父本多穗大穗,增加父本花粉量,避免母本秧苗因寄插而造成的伤害,促使母本早发、多发低位蘖,增加母本库容量,进而提高制种产量,同时还能减少母本秧苗移栽花费的工时,节本增效.适用于父母本播差期(30 d以上)且父本秧龄弹性小的杂交稻组合夏秋制种.介绍了其制种技术要点.     

淮北水稻高效栽培途径探讨

淮北稻区应用密孔塑料软盘小苗抛寄与肥床旱育两种方式育秧，易培育适应本区高产需要的大苗壮秧。两种方式培育的秧苗在大田抛栽，不仅省工省力，且产量高效益好。     

早籼“601”抛栽与普栽成穗观察

水稻软盘育秧抛栽是一项新型科学栽培技术。为了掌握水稻抛栽与普栽生育特性上的差异 ,1998年在田源乡做早籼品种“6 0 1”抛栽与普栽分蘖成穗观察。现小结如下 :1　材料与方法材料为早籼品种“6 0 1” ,分软盘育秧抛栽和湿润育秧普通栽培两种 ,3月 15日播种 ,三叶一心移栽。水稻抛栽采用塑料软盘育秧 ,秧田管理类似湿润育秧 ,当秧苗长到 3 5～ 4叶时移栽 ,带盘起苗 ,抛栽时本田留薄皮水并按一定宽度留人行道 ,抛栽田与普栽田移栽后及时施用除草剂 ,本田管理按常规方法进行。抛栽和普栽分蘖观察设 3个点共30丛 ,丛苗数取本田平均值 ,插后每…     

水稻塑料软盘育秧栽培技术

水稻塑料软盘育秧栽培技术,就是用软盘育出带土块的水稻小苗秧,抛植到大田,具有分蘖早、回青期不明显的特点,利于水稻生长发育的栽培技术.该技术可以省工节本,产量有较大幅度增长.     

水稻育秧环境对秧苗生长的影响

 以汕优63为材料,研究了不同育秧环境下秧苗生理和形态结构方面的差异及对本田生长的影响。旱育秧苗植株矮壮,体内积累的淀粉多,过氧化氢酶活性强,叶绿素含量高,抛植大田后发根快、分蘖多,具有明显的“爆发”优势,最终成穗率高,有效穗多,产量较高;湿润育秧的秧苗,秧田期生长量大,体内积累的淀粉少,抛植大田后发苗慢,缓苗期长,最终有效穗少,产量较低;前期旱育后期多雨寡照的秧苗体内积累的淀粉量及过氧化氢酶活性等均不及正常旱育秧,抛植大田后秧苗体的“爆发”优势丧失,产量与湿润育秧相仿。     

晚稻旱育软盘抛寄两段秧栽培技术效果研究

旱育软盘抛寄两段秧，是以两段秧为基础，以旱育秧和软盘抛寄秧为特点，多种技术配套的新的水稻高产栽培技术。１９９６年在临澧基点开始小面积试验，１９９７年全县共推广５３３３ｈｍ２。现将１９９７年晚稻研究、示范情况报告如下。１材料与方法１．１试验地点和组合试...     

塑盘旱育小苗抛栽早稻的生育特性

洞庭湖区双季早稻采用塑盘旱育小苗抛栽，具有省工、节本、高产、高效作用，比地膜湿润手栽秧增产１５％左右，与普通旱育手栽秧增产效果相近，本田都具有明显的生长优势。栽插密度和基本苗容易控制，有效穗数多。虽然苗床阶段秧苗生长缓慢，但秧苗抛栽后生长发育潜在能力大，大田分蘖快，分蘖叶位低。栽培上应抓好培育壮秧，掌握好抛栽密度，大田施足基肥，早施蘖肥，坚持浅水发苗，多次露田等技术     

水稻旱育无盘抛栽技术初探

旱育秧与软盘抛秧两项技术 ,是 90年代水稻栽培技术的两大突破 ,都有秧苗素质高、分蘖节位低、穗大粒多、省工省本、增产增收的特点。旱育秧秧龄弹性大 ,但拔秧、插秧劳动强度大 ;软盘抛秧劳动强度小 ,但秧龄弹性小 ,长秧龄抛栽 ,秧苗素质反而变差 ,抛后易减产 ,同时购秧盘一次性投资大 ,因而制约抛秧 ,特别是中晚稻抛秧的推广。理论上水稻旱育无盘带土抛栽 ,可结合旱育秧和软盘育秧的优点 ,克服彼此的弱点。但其可行性如何 ?为此 1 998年我们进行了试验示范。早、晚稻在培丰镇长流村示范 1 .34 hm2和 2 hm2 ,中稻在坎市镇文馆村、培丰镇振…     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.