减压处理保鲜技术研究与应用前景

在介绍减压贮藏的基础上,提出了减压短期处理技术对生鲜果蔬、食用菌具有后续保鲜效应,指出该效应有益于生鲜冷链流通技术发展。通过案例介绍了减压处理的主要效应为:可延长冷藏和冷链断链中一些果蔬的保鲜期,延缓品质衰变和抑制霉变等。同时论述了采用减压处理技术可在一定程度上弥补目前生鲜果蔬、食用菌冷链流通断链的缺陷。介绍了以减压处理技术为核心的真空冷鲜链,以期为生鲜电商、生鲜宅配提供新技术方向,并对减压处理保鲜技术的广阔应用前景进行了展望。     

桃贮藏保鲜技术研究现与发展趋势

从采收成熟度、预冷技术、物理保鲜技术、低温贮藏、冰温贮藏、变温贮藏、气调贮藏、减压贮藏、臭氧保鲜、化学保鲜技术、生物保鲜技术等方面,阐述了桃果实贮藏保鲜技术研究现状,并对桃果实贮藏保鲜研究领域未来发展趋势提出了建议.     

桃贮藏保鲜技术研究现状与发展趋势

从采收成熟度、预冷技术、物理保鲜技术、低温贮藏、冰温贮藏、变温贮藏、气调贮藏、减压贮藏、臭氧保鲜、化学保鲜技术、生物保鲜技术等方面,阐述了桃果实贮藏保鲜技术研究现状,并对桃果实贮藏保鲜研究领域未来发展趋势提出了建议。     

冬枣保鲜技术研究进展

从冬枣保鲜的方法,对冬枣保鲜技术研究现状进行了详细论述。目前,冬枣保鲜的物理方法包括低温贮藏保鲜、气调贮藏保鲜和减压贮藏保鲜,化学方法包括化学杀菌剂和激素处理。并对当前研究中存在的问题进行了讨论。     

湿冷式保鲜技术的应用前景

我国的果蔬消费市场庞大,但目前果蔬生产的季节性、区域性与消费者对果蔬需求的多样性、高品质性和淡旺季调节的矛盾十分突出。近几年北方地区的果蔬种植业发展较快,农民种植果蔬的积极性较高,但保鲜技术及设施的相对落后,在一定程度上制约了果蔬业的发展。因此,要想改变这种状况,只有大力发展果蔬保鲜业,选择适宜的果蔬保鲜技术,果蔬种植业才有可能得到真正的健康发展,果蔬业市场才能呈现良性循环。贮藏保鲜技术和方法有许多种,目前已经采用的有:湿冷保鲜技术、气调技术、微冻技术、减压技术及辐射处理技术、空气离子保鲜技术、化学药剂处…     

甜樱桃采后生理特性与保鲜技术的研究现状与进展

从呼吸作用、乙烯释放、果肉营养成分、褐变和软化等方面论述了甜樱桃采后生理特性,并从冷藏保鲜、气调保鲜、减压保鲜、辐照保鲜、热处理、生物防治和化学保鲜等方面综述了甜樱桃贮藏保鲜技术,提出目前存在的问题与未来的对策。     

鲜切叶菜保鲜技术研究进展

介绍了鲜切叶菜外观品质及营养成分下降的原因,并对其生理生化反应机理,包括伤乙烯的生成、呼吸作用增强、酶及微生物的变化原因进行了深入地分析。综述了目前国内外鲜切叶菜低温贮藏、化学保鲜、气调包装以及涂膜等保鲜技术的研究进展与存在的问题,对生物保鲜、减压贮藏等新型保鲜技术在鲜切叶菜上的应用进行了探讨,并展望了鲜切叶菜保鲜技术未来的发展方向。     

Fluctuating Pressure Correlativity of Cantilevered Roof of a Stadium

介绍了鲜切叶菜外观品质及营养成分下降的原因,并对其生理生化反应机理,包括伤乙烯的生成、呼吸作用增强、酶及微生物的变化原因进行了深入地分析。综述了目前国内外鲜切叶菜低温贮藏、化学保鲜、气调包装以及涂膜等保鲜技术的研究进展与存在的问题,对生物保鲜、减压贮藏等新型保鲜技术在鲜切叶菜上的应用进行了探讨,并展望了鲜切叶菜保鲜技术未来的发展方向。     

杏鲍菇冷链综合保鲜技术应用

介绍了我国杏鲍菇工厂化栽培现状、销售方式及存在的问题,综述了真空预冷、防雾薄膜、纳米保鲜薄膜、减压贮藏等技术在杏鲍菇保鲜上的应用,构建了杏鲍菇综合协同保鲜成套技术,以期为杏鲍菇贮藏保鲜提供一定的技术支持。     

生鲜农产品减压冷藏链新模式的探讨

现行的生鲜农产品冷藏链是以冷为线,主要将预冷、贮藏、运输、货架等技术设备串接在一起、加上信息化技术形成的链条。随着社会的发展和人们对生鲜农产品品质期望值的提升,现有的冷链面临完善与更新的挑战。减压冷藏技术是近半个世纪发展起来的高新技术,其对生鲜农产品的保鲜效果远远优于现行单纯的冷藏技术。本文探讨将减压冷藏技术应用于现代冷链物流的可行性、必要性与可实现性,并提出生鲜农产品减压冷藏链的新模式。     

植物新品种保护与品种审定的意义和异同

随着知识产权愈来愈受到社会各界的关注，植物新品种保护工作也显得尤为重要。该文着重介绍了植物新品种保护的发展概况、意义及其与品种审定的异同，使读者对植物新品种保护工作有所了解。     

大白菜施肥技巧与主要病虫害防治

1施肥技巧 大白菜施肥原则是：整地重施有机肥，苗后分次巧追肥。追肥要掌握“少量多次、前少后多、分期供给”。肥后及时浇水，以达到肥水均匀，充分发挥肥效。     

果蔬采后存在问题及贮藏保鲜技术发展

随着生活水平的提高,果蔬产品成为人们摄取营养元素的重要食品之一。分析了我国果蔬采后存在的问题,并对低温及气调保鲜、化学保鲜剂、涂膜保鲜技术及超声保鲜技术等贮藏保鲜技术研究进行了综述,指出我国果蔬贮藏保鲜技术持续、稳定、健康的发展要倚重于科技创新。     

Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and residues of oil and protein crops

Oil and protein crops are of growing importance in cropping systems. This study was carried out to compare oil crops of linseed, rapeseed, sunflower and protein crops of faba bean and white lupin for grain production, residual plant dry matter and nitrogen. Two field experiments with either oil or protein crops were conducted in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Total dry matter production, grain yield, residues, N concentrations and mineral N in the soil were measured. Dry matter production and distribution as well as N uptake and residues varied greatly among species and between years. In 1993, oil crops gave up to 3 t ha⁻¹ grain and 16 t ha⁻¹ residues with sunflower, while in 1994 up to 5 and 11 t ha⁻¹, respectively, were recorded with winter rape. Protein crops showed an opposite reaction in years. Nitrogen uptake and residual N amounts were correlated with dry matter production. Plant residues of oil crops contained 20–140 kg N ha⁻¹; those of protein crops up to 80 kg N ha⁻¹. Despite the variation of residual plant N the variability of mineral N in the soil at harvest was hardly influenced by crops and amounted to only 20–50 kg NO⁻₃-N ha⁻¹.     

我国蔬菜产业和科学技术的发展与展望

1　我国蔬菜产业的发展现状蔬菜是人们日常生活中不可缺少的副食品,也是我国目前种植业中最具活力的经济作物。改革开放以来,随着市场经济的发展,农产品产销体制的不断改革和完善,特别是1988年实施“菜篮子工程”以来,蔬菜产业得到了蓬勃发展。1.1　播种面积1987~1999年,全国蔬菜播种面积由533.3万hm²,发展到1333.3万hm²,增长139.5%。1.2　总产量1987~1999年,全国蔬菜总产量由1.55亿t增加到4.05亿t,增长161.3%,使年人均鲜菜占有量达到330.7kg(世界各国人均105kg……     

向日葵抗盐碱生理生化机制与生长发育特性分析

以Y05-222A和Y06-136R杂交得到的135株F₂群体为研究材料,测定过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脯氨酸（Pro）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛（MDA）等6个生理指标,并进行方差分析、相关性分析和通径分析,对F₂群体进行偏度及峰度分析。结果显示,以上6个生理指标在F₂群体中P>0.05,分布频率符合正态分布,同时存在双向超亲分离现象;相关性分析和通径分析显示,这些指标与抗盐碱系数均呈极显著相关（正相关或负相关）,且相关系数与总间接通径系数方向一致。POD活性的直接通径系数为0.5003,可见POD直接影响抗盐碱性;CAT活性和Pro含量的直接通径系数分别为-0.1317和-0.0384,间接影响抗盐碱性;SOD活性、MDA及可溶性蛋白含量直接或间接影响抗盐碱性。POD、SOD、Pro、CAT、可溶性蛋白和MDA各生理指标的抗盐碱作用表现为POD>CAT>Pro>可溶性蛋白>MDA>SOD。叶片数、株高、茎粗和盘径与抗盐碱系数呈极显著正相关,其相关性表现为叶片数>盘径>株高>茎粗。以上结果可为研究油用向日葵抗盐碱性提供一定的理论基础。     

果蔬食品的褐变与控制

结合生产实际,对果蔬食品产生褐变的机理及其控制途径进行探讨。通过遗传学途径,培育果蔬新品种,使之不含易氧化变色物质,增强其天然抗褐变性,是控制果蔬褐变的根本途径。     

On Fengshui and Rockery and Water Layout

Definition of Fengshui and the theories of selecting mountain and water environment in Fengshui were elaborated. Theories about mountain-water relationship were expounded from the perspective of piling of rockeries and layout of water, a residential area in Hefei City, Beijing Olympics Park, Hangzhou Prince Bay Park, mineral pit of Shanghai Chenshan Botanic Garden, Beijing Beihai Park, Shanghai Changfeng Park were taken for example to demonstrate the influence of traditional rockery and mountain layout in Fengshui on modern landscape design.     

Approaches and Applications of Chemomics and Chemoinformatics

Some novel concepts of chemomics/molomics are proposed including hydrocarbomics, alcophenomics, carboxomics, pepitomics, metabonomics, etc. like genomics, protomics and glycomics in bioomics. Some examples are given to demonstrate the chemomics and/or molomics methodology and technology based chemoinformatics and bioinformatics and their wide applications in Chemistry and Biology.     

Acidity and sweetness in apple and pear

Summary Sweetness and acidity in apple and pear inherit independently and can be organoleptically evaluated separately, but less accurately in pear than in apple. For breeding purposes an analysis of fruits for acidity and sweetness with pH indicator paper and a hand refractometer is to be prefered to the organoleptic method.In apple, the acidity-decreasing with time-of the unripe fruit was already strongly indicative of that of the eating-ripe fruit; sugar-increasing with time-not before the fruit was picking ripe. Sugar content in apple and pear, and the pH in pear, appeared to be normally distributed; the pH in apple showed a segregation into an acid and a low-acid group, which occurred in both the unripe and ripe stage. The segregation ratio between these groups was found to be highly variable. On the whole, the mean acidity and sugar content of apple and pear progenies is significantly determined by that of the parents. Most of the observations made did not support the theory that low acidity in apple is determined by one recessive gene. The relationship between the pH of leaf juice and fruit juice in apple may offer a possibility for pre-selection.