Induction of liver acetaldehyde dehydrogenase: possible role in ethanol tolerance after exposure tobarbiturates

Mice were injected twice a day for 4 days with saline or phenobarbital or ethanol. Treatment with phenobarbital, but not ethanol, increased the amount of liver acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity. More rapid removal of acetaldehyde, which is a toxic metabolic intermediate of ethanol, may contribute to the alcohol tolerance exhibited by persons who use barbiturates regularly.     

Evidence against a role of acetaldehyde in electroencephalographic signs of ethanol-induced intoxication

Acetaldehyde, the proximate metabolite of ethanol, when injected intravenously in rats produced electroencephalogram (EEG) changes similar to those observed after ethanol administration; that is, low doses activated the cortical EEG and higher doses caused activation followed by synchronization. However, when acetaldehyde was administered as a continuous infusion to simulate production of ethanol-derived acetaldehyde, only synchronization occurred, and then only at the higher doses. At low infusion dosage when the EEG was unaffected, concentrations of acetaldehyde in the blood were equal to or greater than those which occur during intoxication. Thus, acetaldehyde by itself cannot account for ethanol-induced EEG synchronization.     

金顶侧耳多糖体内免疫活性的初步研究

[目的]探究金顶侧耳多糖提取方法及对动物机体免疫功能的影响。[方法]通过液体培养金顶侧耳,以乙醇沉淀法从发酵液中提取金顶侧耳多糖,并采用蒽酮比色法和3,5-二硝基水杨酸法相结合测定多糖的得率。通过称量胸腺、脾脏的重量,计算胸腺指数和脾脏指数来探讨不同剂量的金顶侧耳多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响。[结果]该法提取的金顶侧耳多糖得率为14.35%,随金顶侧耳多糖的剂量的增加,小鼠脾脏重量增加,注射多糖的小鼠免疫力明显高于环磷酰胺（CY）对照组,低于生理盐水对照组。[结论]金顶侧耳多糖能对CY有减毒作用,能够增强小鼠免疫功能。     

注干施药技术防治入侵害虫螺旋粉虱研究

采用药剂注干技术,研究了各种常规防治药剂、溶剂、新制剂对螺旋粉虱的防治效果及安全性,以及植物生长势、注干部位、注干孔深对注干剂吸收的影响。药效试验结果表明,20%乐果液剂的效果最高达90%,其次为20%吡虫啉浓可溶剂和10%啶虫脒乳油;树木对注干剂配伍溶剂的吸收试验结果表明,大叶榄仁对乙醇的吸收最快,其次分别为异丙醇、二甲基甲酰胺、丙二醇和甲醇.环已酮(1∶1),甲醇.环已酮(1∶1)对大叶榄仁易产生药害;在3种新制剂中,20%乐果液剂对螺旋粉虱的防治效果最好。树径越大,对药剂的吸收越快,5 cm孔深对药剂吸收最快,1.0 m处位置药液的吸收率最高。     

虎眼万年青提取物体外清除自由基活性的研究

[目的]研究虎眼万年青不同体积分数乙醇提取物体外抗氧化作用。[方法]采用邻二氮菲-Fe2＋氧化法、邻苯三酚自氧化法（MTT）和DPPH法分别研究不同体积分数乙醇对虎眼万年青提取物抗氧化活性的影响。[结果]结果表明虎眼万年青乙醇提取物对.OH、O 2-.和DPPH.均有清除作用,且清除能力与其含虎眼万年青总皂苷含量成正比。不同体积分数的虎眼万年青乙醇提取物体外抗氧化能力的大小为70%乙醇提物〉80%乙醇提物〉60%乙醇提取物〉40%乙醇提取物〉20%乙醇提取物。[结论]虎眼万年青皂苷类成分与其抗氧化性有关。     

乙醇对土壤转化酶活性的影响

研究了不同浓度乙醇对土壤转化酶活性的影响以及不同底物(蔗糖)浓度对乙醇与转化酶活性关系的影响。结果表明,乙醇可明显抑制土壤转化酶活性,其浓度与土壤转化酶活性呈显著或极显著相关,其作用方式为直接抑制;乙醇轻度污染时的生态剂量ED10值为29.47%~35.27%,表明乙醇是一种毒性不强的有机污染物;底物浓度可放大乙醇与土壤转化酶活性之间的关系;乙醇加入导致土壤转化酶的Km和Vm ax值减小,揭示其作用机理为完全抑制作用,包括竞争性和非竞争性抑制作用。     

四川粗壮女贞苦丁茶中黄酮的提取、分离与初步鉴定

以粗壮女贞 [Ligustrumrobustum (Rxob .)BL .]苦丁茶为材料 ,选用乙醇浸提L9(34)正交实验 ,确定了从四川苦丁茶中提取黄酮的最佳工艺条件 :乙醇浓度为 80 % ,提取温度为 80℃ ,乙醇用量为 10倍于苦丁茶质量 ,浸提时间为 4h ,总黄酮的提取效果最好 ,物质的浸出率可达 84 32 % ,所得干物质中黄酮总量为 4 7 6 80 3mg/ g。对提取物进行分离和纯化 ,得到 6种化合物 ,经薄层层析 (GF2 54)和显色反应等初步定性鉴定 ,结果表明 :化合物A为异黄酮 ;化合物B、D、F均为黄酮 (醇 ) ;化合物C为二氢黄酮 (醇 ) ;化合物E为花色甙。     

戊糖乙醇发酵菌种的选育及菌种特性的研究

[目的]选育能利用木糖产乙醇的菌株。[方法]从自然界中分离、筛选能够发酵戊糖产生乙醇的酵母菌株,并对所得菌株进行发酵性能研究。[结果]选出了1株能利用木糖产乙醇的菌株b-11。其特性研究结果表明,菌株b-11耐乙醇浓度为5%,对数生长期为12～18 h,在50 g/L的木糖发酵培养基中发酵48 h时乙醇浓度达到最高值3.105 9 g/L,木糖利用率达82.52%,糖醇转化率是理论转化率的16.36%。[结论]该研究为利用木质纤维素生产燃料乙醇提供了参考。     

超声波法提取啤酒花中总黄酮的工艺研究

[目的]探讨啤酒花总黄酮的超声波提取法。[方法]采用正交试验法,以总黄酮含量为考察指标,对影响总黄酮超声提取的因素进行研究。[结果]啤酒花总黄酮的优化提取工艺为：乙醇浓度60%、料液比1∶15、提取时间40 m in。其中乙醇浓度对提取效果影响显著。[结论]该工艺设计合理,操作简单可行。     

A method to refresh dried larval specimens of Erythraeidae

The article reports a method of making dried larval specimens of Erythraeidae,ectoparasitism of insect,refreshed for taxonomic study.The dried larvae are let in cuvettes with 50%ethanol.The cuvette plat is then put into a beaker with water in appropriate amount,fulling to 1/3-2/3 high of the cuvette plat.The beaker is heated until the water boiling,and then stop to heat.After that,the treated larvae are immersed into a container with ethanol-glycerol solution(50%ethanol:glycerol=20:1),and then the container is warmed in a Water-Bath at 60℃for 2h to‘refresh’the larvae.The refreshed larvae are as mollescent as fresh ones and easy to be prepared for morphologic observation and long-term preservation.     

鲫鱼卵中脂质提取方法的比较

比较了提取鲫鱼卵的脂质和磷脂的三种方法.酶水解-乙醇法提取的脂质和磷脂的颜色较浅、得率较高,提取的磷脂主要成分为磷脂酰胆碱;正己烷-乙醇-丙酮法提取总磷脂、富含固醇的中性脂和含少量固醇类的中性脂,丙酮洗涤能有效地去除磷脂中的中性脂,特别是易溶于乙醇的固醇和三萜系醇,最低限度地使用有毒有机溶剂;而Bligh-Dyer提取总脂后液液萃取的经典方法提取脂质虽也较简便,但其大量使用有毒溶剂,安全性低.此外,甲醇单溶剂洗脱,紫外检测器在线检测进行的低压柱层析,分离正己烷-乙醇分提的磷脂,制备了较高纯度的磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺.     

鲫鱼卵中脂质提取方法的比较

比较了提取鲫鱼卵的脂质和磷脂的三种方法.酶水解-乙醇法提取的脂质和磷脂的颜色较浅、得率较高,提取的磷脂主要成分为磷脂酰胆碱;正己烷-乙醇-丙酮法提取总磷脂、富含固醇的中性脂和含少量固醇类的中性脂,丙酮洗涤能有效地去除磷脂中的中性脂,特别是易溶于乙醇的固醇和三萜系醇,最低限度地使用有毒有机溶剂;而Bligh-Dyer提取总脂后液液萃取的经典方法提取脂质虽也较简便,但其大量使用有毒溶剂,安全性低.此外,甲醇单溶剂洗脱,紫外检测器在线检测进行的低压柱层析,分离正己烷-乙醇分提的磷脂,制备了较高纯度的磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺.     

仙鹤草总生物碱提取工艺研究

【目的】确定仙鹤草总生物碱提取的最佳工艺,为仙鹤草的开发利用奠定理论基础。【方法】采用乙醇浸提法对仙鹤草总生物碱进行提取,探讨溶剂浓度、浸提温度、浸提时间和料液比对总生物碱提取的影响,并采用正交法对提取工艺进行优化。【结果】溶剂浓度对仙鹤草总生物碱提取的影响较大,其次是温度,料液比影响较小。优化后的最佳提取工艺条件为：乙醇浓度80%、浸提时间1.5 h、浸提温度70℃、料液比1∶20,在此工艺条件下仙鹤草总生物碱的平均提取量为1.31 mg/g。【结论】以乙醇浸提法提取仙鹤草总生物碱简单方便,且提取率较理想。     

三种葛根总黄酮提取工艺的比较及优化

对葛根总黄酮的三种提取工艺进行了比较及优化。结果表明,乙醇回流提取的最佳工艺条件为乙醇浓度70%,料液比1：10,提取时间1h,提取温度80℃,最佳提取率为62.8%。超声提取的最佳工艺条件为乙醇浓度70%,料液比1：15,提取时间20min,超声温度60℃,最佳提取率为56.1%。微波辅助提取的最佳工艺条件为乙醇浓度60%,料液比1：20,微波处理时间40 s（3次）,中高火处理,最佳提取率为85.7%。微波辅助提取的效果最好,具有快速、节能、提取率高等优点。     

臭牡丹叶提取液对2种植物病菌的抑制作用研究（英文）

The test was undertaken to reveal the antifungal activity of extracts from Clerodendrum bungei leaves against Pestalotia funereal and Rhizoctonia solani,the results showed that optimal condition for best antifungal activity of extracts against Pestalotia funereal and Rhizoctonia solani are as follows:material-liquid ratio of 1∶6,75% ethanol as extracting solvent,reflux at 90 ℃ for 1.5 h.The substances with good dissolubility in ethanol and water solution such as organic acid,bioflavonoid and alkaloid are main antifungal bioactive substances in Clerodendrum bungei.     

A selective imidazobenzodiazepine antagonist of ethanol in the rat

Ethanol, at pharmacologically relevant concentrations of 20 to 100 mM, stimulates gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) receptor-mediated uptake of 36Cl-labeled chlorine into isolated brain vesicles. One drug that acts at GABA-benzodiazepine receptors, the imidazobenzodiazepine Ro15-4513, has been found to be a potent antagonist of ethanol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake into brain vesicles, but it fails to antagonize either pentobarbital- or muscimol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake. Pretreatment of rats with Ro15-4513 blocks the anticonflict activity of low doses of ethanol (but not pentobarbital) as well as the behavioral intoxication observed with higher doses of ethanol. The effects of Ro15-4513 in antagonizing ethanol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake and behavior are completely blocked by benzodiazepine receptor antagonists. However, other benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonists fail to antagonize the actions of ethanol in vitro or in vivo, suggesting a novel interaction of Ro15-4513 with the GABA receptor-coupled chloride ion channel complex. The identification of a selective benzodiazepine antagonist of ethanol-stimulated 36Cl- uptake in vitro that blocks the anxiolytic and intoxicating actions of ethanol suggests that many of the neuropharmacologic actions of ethanol may be mediated via central GABA receptors.     

臭牡丹叶提取液对2种植物病菌的抑制作用研究

笔者以广泛引发植物病害的松赤枯病菌（Pestalobia funerea）和玉米纹枯病菌（Rhizoctoria solani Kuha）为检测菌,对臭牡丹的抗植物病菌活力进行研究。     

尼克酸对酿酒酵母发酵生产燃料乙醇的影响

[目的]进一步优化燃料乙醇的生产条件。[方法]以玉米秸秆为原料,研究尼克酸对酿酒酵母发酵生产燃料乙醇工艺的影响。[结果]对于酿酒酵母发酵生产酒精,在发酵12h内,尼克酸对高压蒸汽下酸预处理后秸秆发酵产酒精量、还原糖的利用量有促进作用。[结论]尼克酸在一定条件下有利于燃料乙醇的生产。     

伞房花耳草中乌索酸的分离提纯及HPLC分析

采用"醇提凝析法"从伞房花耳草中分离提纯乌索酸,并用光谱等技术对乌索酸结构进行了表征,建立了伞房花耳草中乌索酸的分离提纯及含量测定的方法。结果表明,此方法具有快速简便、精密度高、重现性好、线性范围宽的特点,可用于乌索酸的质量控制。     

Liquid-phase dehydration of aqueous ethanol-gasoline mixtures

Two-phase mixtures of gasoline, water, and ethanol were dehydrated with both starch and saponified starch-g-polyacrylonitrile (HSPAN). Whereas starch absorbed ethanol as well as water, HSPAN selectively absorbed the water component, allowing ethanol to dissolve in the gasoline phase.