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1.
Corinna Schmiderer Paula Torres-Londono Andrea Lutz-Röder Virginia K. Duwe Johannes Novak 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(7):1829-1838
In Arnica montana L. (Asteraceae) two subspecies are described, A. montana subsp. atlantica (AMA), present only on the Iberian Peninsula and A. montana subsp. montana (AMM) with a very wide distribution area. The morphological differences between the two subspecies are small and variable. Therefore, this concept is sometimes questioned. To establish the genetic background of the two subspecies, populations of AMA and AMM together with herbarium samples and DNA Bank material of AMM were tested with 12 microsatellite markers. A. montana propagates by seeds or by clonal propagation of its rhizome. In AMA, clonality was frequent while in AMM only one case of clonality could be identified. Therefore, further results were clone-corrected. Genetically, AMA separated very well from AMM with a GST between the subspecies of 0.81, genetically justifying the subspecies concept of A. montana. Genetic variability in AMA (Hexp?=?0.28) was lower than in the AMM populations (Hexp?=?0.70). A somewhat higher fixation index of AMA (FST?=?0.17, compared to an FST?=?0.08 for AMM) may indicate that geneflow in AMA is a bit more restricted than in alpine AMM. However, the fixation index of AMA is not deviating from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. No inbreeding was observed for AMA (FIS?=?0.10) and AMM (FIS?=?0.08). 相似文献
2.
The recent treatment of Triticum by Mac Key (2005) (broad species concept) is compared to the classical treatment by Dorofeev et al. (1979, English translation expected) (narrow species concept). A detailed infraspecific treatment was abandoned by Mac Key. Following
his revision, names for many of the infraspecific taxa become obsolete. This is regarded to be a disadvantage for biodiversity
and genetic resources studies. We propose maintaining ×Triticosecale Wittm. as a nothogenus, with ×T. rimpaui Wittm. for octoploid races, ×T. neoblaringhemii A. Camus for hexaploid races and ×T. semisecale (Mac Key) K. Hammer et A. Filat. (new combination) for tetraploid races. 相似文献
3.
J. B. Morris 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(1):5-8
The purpose of this study was to characterize and identify potential new uses for perennial horsegram (Macrotyloma axillare) and horsegram (M. uniflorum) germplasm in the USDA, ARS collection. Seven morphological and yield parameters were studied in 11 M. axillare and 32 M. uniflorum accessions. A wide variation was found in stem branching, foliage, plant height, seed number, and seed weight. Leaf anthocyanin
indexes were significantly higher than control flowers from PI 345729. Phytochemical traits exist in both species for potential
use as nutraceuticals, forage, and food for humans. 相似文献
4.
Teodora Ivanova Mihail Chervenkov Tatyana Stoeva Stoyan Chervenkov Yulia Bosseva Almira Georgieva Elina Tsvetanova Albena Alexandrova Dessislava Dimitrova 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(5):1349-1357
Allium siculum Ucria is a perennial bulbous plant that occurs in Bulgaria as A. siculum subsp. dioscoridis (Sm.) K. Richt. The plant is locally known as “samardala”. Its herbage is used traditionally by local communities in Bulgaria as edible green and for preparation of salty spice mixtures. The study was focused on the documentation of traditional knowledge about samardala, covering local collection and cultivation practices, processing methods and consumption preferences. The respondents (aged 30–86 years, 50% over 65) were local producers and small-scale salesmen of the herbage and samardala-containing spices. To assess the health features of samardala spices the total phenol and flavonoid content was measured in home-consumed or marketed flavoured salts. Overall appreciation of the plant and related food products was found to be very high; presenting a considerable engagement of the locals in plant cultivation and gathering, laborious processing and consumption. Traditional ecological knowledge about the biology, phenology and ecology of the samardala plant and methods for its processing is still preserved by elderly people who rely mostly on their own cultivated plants. Although the introduction of modern appliances has altered the method of production, its main stages and the recipes are preserved. Modernization of the processing method has not affected the quality of the products and faster processing could be a contributing factor for the higher content of biologically active substances. Phenolic content was about twice as low as the flavonoid content, following the same pattern for all tested flavoured salts. Measures for better management of natural populations and promotion of cultivation practices of A. siculum subsp. dioscoridis would ensure the sustainable quality of traditional products as well as conservation of the natural plant resources. 相似文献
5.
A set of experimental introgression lines of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Novosibirskaya 67 (N67)—Triticum
polonicum L. line IC 12196 was developed using a small-scale bulk breeding method. The linkage map in chromosome 7A was constructed
using F2 hybrids of N67/IC12196 and 34 microsatellite markers. The P gene was flanked by the centromeric markers, Xgwm890 (18.6 cM) and Xbarc108 (20.0 cM) on the long arm of chromosome 7A. Among 124 introgression lines, 118 lines were hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42), and 6 were tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28). Among hexaploid accessions, 68 were long-glumed, whereas 50 were normal-glumed. Thirty-four polymorphic microsatellite
markers were scored for either the N67 alleles or IC 12196 alleles in 124 introgression lines derived from N67/IC 12196. The
UPGMA dendrogram showed five clusters; Cluster 1 mainly contained hexaploid introgression lines with long glumes. Although
the alleles around the P locus were recombined with IC1296 alleles, the distal end of the chromosome contained N67 alleles. Cluster 2 mainly contained
normal glumed, hexaploid introgression lines. These predominantly had the N67 alleles on the long arm of chromosome 7A and
the short arm proximal to the centromere. Cluster 3 contained long-glumed, hexaploid wheat lines with relatively high level
of recombination. Cluster 4 contained non-parental alleles. Cluster 5 contained the group of tetraploid wheat lines. These
tetraploid lines have IC12196 alleles on both arms of chromosome 7A. The frequency spectrum of parental alleles and chromosomal
blocks among introgression lines suggested that T. aestivum – T. polonicum hybridization can rapidly give rise to a new landrace due to selective introgression of the P gene. 相似文献
6.
Graeme Sandral Galina V. Degtjareva Tatiana E. Kramina Dmitry D. Sokoloff Tahir H. Samigullin Steve Hughes Carmen M. Valiejo-Roman 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(4):501-514
Lotus creticus is a potentially important perennial legume for soil management in the Mediterranean climate. This plant is in focus of experimental
research in different countries. The so-called Lotus creticus group is taxonomically problematic. Although some authors consider all members of the group as a single variable species,
others segregate several species distinct from L. creticus, especially L. cytisoides. Recent morphological studies suggested that L. creticus and L. cytisoides are taxonomically distinct at specific level and not even closely related to each other. Two molecular phylogenetic studies
published so far and based on one accession of L. creticus each gave conflicting results on relationships of this species. In this paper, sequences of nuclear ribosomal ITS (nrITS)
are produced from multiple accessions of both L. creticus and L. cytisoides. Taxonomic identity of each accession has been tested using morphology. The new nrITS sequences are inserted in a data matrix
containing a representative set of Lotus species covering all the geographical range and all major taxonomic groups of Lotus. Phylogenetic analysis of nrITS sequence data showed that L. creticus is related to L. assakensis and other species of the section Pedrosia while L. cytisoides is related to L. longisiliquosus and other species of the section Lotea. These results are important for establishing future germplasm collection, breeding and selection programs of perennial Lotus species. 相似文献
7.
Pietro Zito Francesca Serraino Francesco Carimi Francesca Tavella Maurizio Sajeva 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(5):1329-1335
The wild grapevine [Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi] is the Eurasian dioecious ancestral form of mostly monoecious domesticated cultivars (Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera). There are different hypotheses about grapevine pollination, varying from insect to wind pollination to spontaneous self-pollination. The aim of this paper is to update our knowledge on the biology of the wild grapevine by studying the insects visiting their inflorescences. During the fieldworks, floral visitors were observed, captured and identified. The most frequent insects visiting both sexes of wild grapevine were beetles (55%) followed by bees (45%). The present study shows that although in vineyards the wind may play a role in the cross-pollination, insects can contribute to the reproductive success of the wild grapevine. The knowledge of inflorescence-visiting insects, which potentially can act as pollinators may represent an important contribution to the conservation perspective of wild grapevine. 相似文献
8.
Maia Fradkin María Rosa Ferrari Víctor Ferreira Ezequiel Martín Grassi Eduardo José Greizerstein Lidia Poggio 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(2):231-237
Triticum–Thinopyrum amphiploids arose from the need to obtain forage grasses highly resistant to pest, drought, soil salinity and frost and they
can be used as efficient bridges to transfer desired genes from wheatgrass species to wheat. One of them is trigopiro SH16
INTA, it was introduced in Argentina in 1947 but its genomic composition was unknown. The aim of this work was to determine
the chromosome number and genomic and chromosome composition of trigopiro SH16 INTA in order to use it in breeding programs.
The simultaneous use of the in situ hybridization technique with different probes (genomic DNA of Th. ponticum (Podp.) Barkworth et D.R. Dewey, pSc119.2 and pAs1) allowed us to conclude that the chromosome number of trigopiro SH16 is
2n = 42 and the genome composition would be: 14 chromosomes of the B genome, the 2D and 4D chromosome pairs of wheat, 14 chromosomes
of the J genome of Thinopyrum and the remaining chromosomes probably belong to the A genome of wheat. 相似文献
9.
The paper reports on the study of DNA methylation patterns in chromosomes of an octoploid selection obtained from an amphiploid Avena barbata × Avena sativa ssp. nuda, their alteration and plant structural changes induced by 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) treatment. Subtelomere/telomere regions and some chromosomes remained heavily methylated after this practise. The increased concentration of 5-azaC strengthened the demethylation process. NOR rDNA loci on five and 5S rDNA doubled loci on three pairs of chromosomes were detected. Some 5S loci were colocalised with NORs. The number of active NORs was increased by one homologous pair after demethylation and this was related to minor loci. The NORs were mainly located on A/D genomes. Patterns of nucleoli fusion varied between main and lateral roots and demethylation increased the number of uninucleolar nuclei. Seed germination was inhibited and plant growth decreased under demethylation. 5-azaC also induced distinct anomalies in endosperm development. Extensive parts of the tissue were composed of defected cells or remained empty. Polyploidised clones of starchy or aleurone cells were observed, as were aleurone cells exhibiting new rare phenotypes. 相似文献
10.
The Bavarian Turnip (Bayerische Rübe, Brassica rapa L. em. Metzg. var. rapa) is a nearly lost crop today. Until 1900, this local variety was commonly grown in Bavaria for human consumption. The special and very distinct characters of this variety in comparison with recent breeds are preferred by the farmers families and assured the persistence and survival of this turnip in situ (on farm). In the region of Dachau and Freising, located north of Munich, only four farms are known, where this old crop is still grown and maintained. Urgent measures have to be taken to safe this cultural relict for future generations. 相似文献
11.
K. Yoshiya N. Watanabe T. Kuboyama I. F. Lapochkina 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(1):67-72
Aegilops triuncialis L. (2n = 4x = 28, genome formula UUCC) has been used to obtain one of the “Arsenal collection”, the distant hybridization
of Triticum aestivum L. The introgression line 124/00i, which was derived from the cross of T. aestivum ‘Rodina' with γ-irradiated pollen of an accession of Ae.
triuncialis. However, undesirable genes can be incorporated into the cultivated varieties from Ae. triuncialis. The spikes of Ae.
triuncialis disarticulate from stems at a single node at the bottom of the spikes. It was defined as a synaptospermic diaspore. However,
the spike of 124/00i unexpectedly disarticulate below each spikelet showing wedge type of disarticulation. The brittle rachis gene Br
124
(B
rittle
r
achis of
124
/00
i
) of 124/00i was allelic to Br2 located on the short arm of chromosome 3A. From the microsatellite mapping, the Br
124
gene was bracketed by Xbarc19 (20.3 cM) and Xgwm779.1(14.3 cM) on the short arm of chromosome 3A. The present study suggested that the dominant mutation from synaptospermic diaspore
to wedge type disarticulation occurred in the gamete of Ae. triuncialis when Ae. triuncialis pollen was treated with γ-irradiation. 相似文献
12.
A simulation model of the 90Sr dynamics in the soil and stand components of deciduous forest ecosystems with a 1-day step was developed; this model was used to conduct numerical experiments to clarify the mechanisms of the 90Sr behavior. The algorithm allows one to take into account the effect of meteorological, phenological, and physiological factors on the behavior of the radionuclide and simulate different fallout conditions. The results of simulation can be used in the valuation of deciduous forest products. The model is applicable for studying the redistribution of calcium in the stand of deciduous forest ecosystems. 相似文献
13.
Stanislava Vondráčková Pavel Tlustoš Michal Hejcman Jiřina Száková 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(5):1279-1290
Purpose
Willow cultivation in soils heavily contaminated by risk elements is a challenging issue due to phytotoxic effects that restrict plant growth. Liming reduces the mobility of some risk elements in contaminated soils and therefore can be a suitable measure for contaminated soils but can also affect availability of nutrients for planted willows. We investigate how liming affects concentrations of macro, micro, and toxic elements in the organs of willows planted in contaminated soils.Materials and methods
We established a 3-year pot experiment with Salix × smithiana planted in weakly acid and alkaline soils anthropogenically seriously contaminated by As, Cd, Pb, and Zn. Soils were both untreated and treated with two doses of lime and dolomite in the first year before planting. We determined biomass production, mortality, and the concentration of macro- and micronutrients and toxic elements in the willows’ aboveground organs.Results and discussion
Lime application increased biomass production in both soils; dose of lime played an important role for its increase only in alkaline soil. Lime in a higher dose was incompatible with the vitality of just-planted willows in both soils. Doses of dolomite significantly affected the biomass production and mortality of willows, where lower doses caused a permanent decrease of biomass production and mortality in weakly acid soil. The toxicity of Cd and Zn in leaves was recorded in both untreated soils; the latent deficiency of P and deficiency of Fe in leaves was only recorded in weakly acid untreated soil.Conclusions
Lime application irrespective of dose with foliar Fe application seemed to be the most suitable measure for increasing biomass production and decreasing toxic elements, especially Cd and Zn, without decreasing the macro- and micronutrients in the aboveground organs of willows in weakly acid soil. In alkaline soil, only higher doses of lime had a positive effect on the studied parameters. Dolomite application is not a suitable measure for planting willows in both contaminated soils. Dolomite in a lower dose impairs the growth of willows in weakly acid soil.14.
A. S. M. G. Masum Akond N. Watanabe Y. Furuta 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(1):133-141
Genetic diversity of a set of introgression lines of Triticum aestivum L./T. polonicum L. with long glume and T. petropavlovskyi Udacz. et Migusch. were analyzed by Amplified Fragments Length Polymorphism (AFLP). Small-scale bulk breeding method was
applied throughout until F6 generation to develop the introgression lines. Thirty-eight hexapolid F7 plants with long glume phenotype and their parents were subjected to AFLP analysis by four primer combinations. A total of
47 polymorphic loci were detected between the parents, 15 of them were introgressed across the 38 lines. It was hypothesized
that approximately 50% of A or B genomes associated polymorphic loci were introgressed. The variation of introgression lines
was limited within the diversity between their parents, T. aestivum L. cv. Novosibirskaya 67 (N67) and T. polonicum L. cv. IC12196. N67 was closer to 38 introgression lines than that of IC12196. The UPGMA cluster and principal coordinate
analysis (PCO) grouping showed 0.84 to 0.98 similarity values between N67 and the introgression lines. Eleven T. petropavlovskyi accessions were distinguished from introgression lines with UPGMA clusters and PCO groupings, and T. petropavlovskyi was located between the introgressions lines and IC12196. Several introgression lines resembled with T. petropavlovskyi for awning and glume length. The genetic variation among 38 introgression lines was much wider than that of T. petropavlovskyi. We concluded that T. petropavlovskyi was established by intensive selection of hybrid between T. aestivum/T. polonicum. 相似文献
15.
Nagib M. A. Nassar Dalva G. Ribeiro Nayra N. Bomfim Pollyanna T. C. Gomes 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(6):831-835
A new species of Manihot has been collected from Fortaleza, Ceará state, Brazil. It was grown at the living collection in the experimental station,
University of Brasilia since 1980 and left for natural reproduction. It bred true during all these years giving rise to identical
typical plants of the ancestor one. The closest species to it is M. glaziovii. Apparently this new species was formed by sporadic hybridization between M. glaziovii and cassava itself in its natural habitat, Ceará. It possesses morphological marker gene of the latter one which is ribbed
fruit that is found only in cassava. Interspecific hybrids produced experimentally between M. glaziovii and cassava showed similar morphological markers. Exam of its ovules revealed formation of multiple embryos, an indicator
of apomixis. Grafting it with common cassava was compatible, giving increased root size up to seven times. 相似文献
16.
Shangqin Hu Guiling Dong Xiaomin Chen Lulin Huang Xiao Yang Wen Tong Linhan Bai 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(4):547-555
The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was employed to analyze phylogeny of 20 populations, including the local cultivar
“Nanjiang”, belonging to 7 species of Lonicera L. 20 ITS sequences that we obtained range from 614 to 618 bp, and the G+C content was higher than 60% with the average value
63.5%. The sequences of 5.8S nrDNA was highly conservative in both length and component, while ITS2 had more variation than
ITS1 in sequence component and length. For the ITS complete sequence, the mutation and information sites were 139 and 117
with the content of 22.38 and 18.84%, respectively. The dendrogram analysed by neighbor-joining method showed that “Nanjiang”
and Lonicera similis Hemsl. comprised a same cluster with a higher bootstrap support, indicating “Nanjiang” would be a variation or subspecies
of L. similis Hemsl. The results of antibacterial activity test and active compounds identification showed that “Nanjiang” had the best
antibacterial activity and the highest yield of chlorogenic acid, the active component of Flos Lonicerae, in the six species
of Lonicera L. 相似文献
17.
Wild diploid Solanum species with an endosperm balance number (EBN) of one are a rich source of disease resistance, pest resistance, and tuber
quality traits. They are not sexually compatible with 4× 4EBN or 2× 2EBN forms of the cultivated potato. In this study, the
wild 2× 2EBN Mexican species S. verrucosum (ver) was used as a bridge species to access 2× 1EBN germplasm. Hybrids (V1) were created between ver as a female parent
and the 1EBN species S. cardiophyllum, S. chancayense, S. commersonii, and S. trifidum. Most of the V1 hybrids were successfully crossed as females to cultivated 2× 2EBN clones. However, due to stylar barriers,
reciprocal crosses were unsuccessful. Additional studies are underway to determine the effectiveness of ver as a bridge to
introgress specific traits from 2× 1EBN germplasm into the cultivated potato. 相似文献
18.
Species that belong to the genus Triticum L. and the genetically related Aegilops L. genus are important genetic and economic resources because they have an evolutionary relationship with the two main agricultural
crops T. aestivum (bread wheat) and T. durum (durum wheat). Therefore, it is important to understand the genetic relationships among the cultivated wheat species and
their wild relatives. The latter have a great role in the improvement of cultivated wheat. Molecular markers are the best
choice and most reliable means to study these relationships accurately. In this study, we compared the efficiency of the biochemical
methods A–PAGE and SDS–PAGE on seed storage proteins and the molecular methods RAPDs and ISSRs to explore the genetic relationships
among seven species of Triticum and 20 Aegilops species. Three phylogenetic trees obtained in this study were compared with available classifications and phylogenetic trees
constructed earlier for these species. It was noted that the tree based on ISSRs data was the most congruent with those classification
and trees. This may be attributed to the fact that ISSRs is more specific, and therefore more reliable. This study is the
first to study genetic relationships among all species studied here using biochemical and molecular techniques. 相似文献
19.
Changes of gene expression played an important role in the evolution of plant allopolyploids. Frequency, time and type of
the changes of gene expression between the first two self-pollinated generations (S1 and S2) of a synthesized allotetraploid Cucumis × hytivus Chen et Kirkbride and in its diploid parents was analyzed with cDNA-AFLP and reverse-Northern blot technique. Sequences similarity
of genes involved in changed expression were also analyzed with BLAST package. The results from cDNA-AFLP analysis showed
that 36 (3.37%) genes showed silencing (27) or activation (9) in allotetraploids. These changes initiated in S1 or S2 generation. The silenced/activated genes included rRNA and protein-coding genes. Further reverse-Northern blot analysis validated
the results obtained. Thus four types of changes of gene expression were observed, including silencing of genes from both
parents, maternal parent, paternal parent, and genes novel expression. The results indicate rapid changes in gene expression
in early generations of C. × hytivus, which contributed to the evolution of this synthetic allotetraploid. 相似文献
20.
Sylvia Plaschil Holger Budahn Michael Wiedemann Klaus Olbricht 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(5):1051-1059
Fifteen species and eight cultivars of the section Pelargonium (DC.) Harv., two species of the section Ligularia (Sweet) Harv. and three species of the section Cortusina (DC.) Harv. were tested for genetic distance to predict successful combinations of interspecific crossings. 156 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-bands and 485 double primer RAPD-bands were used for distance analysis. Combined with information on the ploidy level, species were clustered in the expected sections except Pelargonium hirtum (Burm. f.) Jacq., which clustered with the species of the section Cortusina. Different accessions of the same wild species showed a high conformity (67–98 %) comparable to the cultivars (66–70 %). 相似文献