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1.
For the onset of symbiosis process between soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum, signals should be exchanged. Salinity has inhibitory effects on the symbiosis between the two partners. Hence, a greenhouse experiment was planned to: (1) determine the stressful effects of salinity on soybean and B. japonicum symbiosis, hypothesizing that they can inhibit the signal exchange process between the two partners, and (2) determine if the addition of genistein (a nod gene inducer) to B. japonicum (strain 532C) inocula could overcome the stressful effects of salinity on the Bradyrhizobium – soybean symbiosis. Three levels of salinity (control, 36 and 61 mmolar or 3.6 and 6.1 mmhos/cm) and three levels of genistein (0, 5 and 20 μM) were combined in a factorial fashion in four replicates. Soybean plants were harvested at three different times including 20, 40 and 60 days after inoculation (DAI). Genistein enhanced soybean nodulation and growth, and such effects became greater with time under high salinity levels. For example, at 60 DAI the enhancing effects of genistein on the symbiosis process in soybean was more pronounced at the highest level of salinity. The significant interaction effect between genistein 5 μM and salinity 61 mmolar may reveal the direct role of genistein 5 μM in overcoming the stressful effects of salinity on the symbiosis between B. japonicum and soybean, and hence, plant growth. This novel finding may be very useful to increase soybean yields in salty croplands. 相似文献
2.
~(60)Coγ射线对双低甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)的辐射效应 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
用~(60)Coγ射线0、80、100、120、140、160krad的剂量辐射处理3个双低(低芥酸、低硫甙)甘蓝型油菜品种的干种子,从形态学、细胞学和生物化学3个方面研究了M_1代的剂量效应。结果表明,田间出苗率、成株率、产量、自交结果率、角果长度、每果粒数、自交结籽率和粗脂肪含量与剂量拟合曲线负相关,形态畸变率和染色体畸变率与剂量拟合曲线正相关,种子的芥酸和亚麻酸含量、菜饼的硫甙和蛋白质含量随着剂量的增加而呈不规则性变化。形态学效应、细胞学效应和生物化学效应之间关系密切,相关显著。3个品种的辐射敏感性顺序为中双2号>中双1号>中双3号。 相似文献
3.
Shohei Suehiro Katsuyuki Ichitani Eiji Domon Kenji Fukunaga 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(6):1559-1564
We genotyped Setaria italica Dehydration-responsive element-binding 2 (SiDREB2) gene, which had been reported to be associated with dehydration stress tolerance, in 588 accessions of foxtail millet from various parts of Eurasia and other regions by a dCAPS marker. Of these, 480 accessions were genotyped in ribosomal DNA (rDNA), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) gene and Heading date 1 (HD1) gene in our previous studies, and 108 accessions from India were newly used in this study and genotyped in these genes in addition to the SiDREB2 gene. We compared the geographical distribution of the SiDREB2 genotypes with that of these three genes. Accessions from countries in South Asia including India and Sri Lanka were the most variable in the SiDREB2 gene followed by Korean accessions and Japanese accessions, suggesting that Indian accessions and East Asian accessions are useful as genetic resources for dehydration stress tolerance. This study also showed that although Indian accessions are not so diverse in rDNA and in transposon display markers previously studied, they are diverse in adaptive genes such as SiDREB2, PPO and HD1 genes. 相似文献
4.
Javier O. Mijangos-Cortés T. Corona-Torres D. Espinosa-Victoria A. Muñoz-Orozco J. Romero-Peñaloza A. Santacruz-Varela 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(2):309-325
The classification of Mexican maize (Zea mays L.) begun since the early 20th century, it was consolidated during the middle of this century, but recent additions and rearrangements have been performed by several authors employing new methods of analysis and collections from diverse origin; nevertheless, maize from the State of Michoacan, Mexico has received little attention in regard to its systematic classification. Maize populations from the Tarasca Mountain Chain in Michoacan are commonly considered in literature, as belonging to the Chalqueño race; however, closer observations indicate that significant differences do exist, suggesting the necessity of performing an in-depth study on this respect. Thirty nine native maize populations from the Tarasca Mountain Chain region were evaluated along with 19 typical populations of the Chalqueño, Celaya and Conico races coming from the States of Mexico, Puebla, Hidalgo, Querétaro and Oaxaca. Populations were evaluated in Aranza, Michoacan and Montecillo, Mexico State. Seventeen morphological characters were scored and analyzed by one-way analyses of variance and multivariate techniques. Populations were also genetically analyzed through 17 isozyme loci. Native populations had some alleles not found either in the Chalqueño, Celaya or Conico races, and possess larger genetic diversity. Local populations were congregated into a discrete group apart from the typical Chalqueño populations, suggesting that landraces from the Tarasca Mountain Chain region might not be considered as belonging to the Chalqueño race, but they integrate by themselves a different race. 相似文献
5.
S. P. Ahlawat Anjula Pandey Pavan Kumar Malav Rakesh Bhardwaj O. P. Dhariwal 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(7):2037-2047
A less-known landrace of vegetable melon locally called “Arya” (Cucumis melo L.) known for drought tolerant trait was collected from two districts of Rajasthan and Haryana, India. Study was undertaken for preliminary morphological evaluation, biochemical and organoleptic test. A comparative study with snake melon was presented with field identification traits along with cultural practices and economic uses. The work aims at facilitating germplasm collection, detailed evaluation and systematic study on this valuable material with the prospects of crop diversification and value addition. 相似文献
6.
Meirong Lv Zhongpei Li Yuping Che F. X. Han Ming Liu 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(7):777-783
We have studied the influence of long-term fertilization on organic C, nutrients, microbial biomass of soil, and grain yield
of rice (Oryza sativa L.) after 18 years of inorganic and organic fertilizer application to an infertile paddy field under subtropical conditions.
After 18 years of fertilization, soil organic C and total N contents were 9.56~12.17 and 1.01~1.25 g kg−1, which were 190~269% and 135~191% higher than those of the initial soil, respectively. Organic manure application increased
soil organic C, total N, available N, and available P contents by 19.2%, 14.4%, 13.2%, and 78.3% on average compared with
organic manure-omitted treatments. Phosphorus fertilizer application increased soil available P content more significantly
than organic manure application, and it was an average 385% higher than P-omitted treatments. Soil microbial biomass C, N,
and rice yield were 48.9%, 33.2%, and 133% higher in organic manure application treatments and 36.8%, 38.8%, and 239% higher
in P fertilizer application treatments than organic manure-omitted or P-omitted treatments, respectively. Incorporation of
organic manure-enhanced and P fertilizer-enhanced rice yields by 382% compared with the unfertilized treatment and yield increment
index was 123% compared with that observed during 1991–1994, implying that organic manure application combined with P fertilizer
was needed to ensure high and sustainable productivity. Rice yield was significantly correlated with all soil chemical properties
except available K content, and stepwise regression analysis showed that soil available P content was the limiting factor
to rice yield. 相似文献
7.
J. Martínez-Castillo L. Camacho-Pérez J. Coello-Coello R. Andueza-Noh 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(2):191-204
Genetic erosion has been evaluated at the landrace level in the past, principally because the loss of landraces is believed
to generate erosion at the allelic level; however, few studies had tested this hypothesis in the crop’s centers of diversity
and domestication. Using microsatellite markers, we analyzed for genetic erosion in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) landraces over time in samples collected in 1979 and in 2007 in northeast Campeche, in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico, an
important diversity center and part of the putative domestication area for this crop. We found that the lima bean genetic
pool from 1979 had a higher genetic diversity than the one for the 2007 pool (Nei’s diversity, H = 0.18 and 0.05, respectively). Although this result could not to be explained using a bottleneck analysis, a cluster analysis
showed that the alleles present in 1979 were not the same as those found in 2007, indicating an allelic displacement in the
genetic pool of the lima bean landraces in the last 30 years. This displacement could be due to the introduction of improved
varieties or landraces, resulting in a displacement of local varieties or to changes in the Mayan criteria for selection of
germplasm or both. This study showed that the loss of landraces can generate both quantitative and qualitative changes in
the genetic pool of the domesticated species. Such changes are very important to consider when planning ex situ and in situ programs to conserve crop diversity in their domestication areas. 相似文献
8.
9.
Starkenmann C Luca L Niclass Y Praz E Roguet D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(8):3067-3071
Polygonum odoratum Lour. has been reclassified as Persicaria odorata (Lour.) Soják [Wilson, K. L. Polygonum sensu lato (Polygonaceae) in Australia. Telopea 1988, 3, 177-182]; other synonyms currently used are Vietnamese mint or Vietnamese coriander and, in Malaysia, Daun Laksa or Laksa plant. The aerial parts of Laksa plant are highly aromatic, and they contain many organic compounds such as (Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol, decanal, undecanal, and dodecanal that are typical for green, citrus, orange peel, and coriander odors. In addition to these aldehydes, 3-sulfanyl-hexanal and 3-sulfanyl-hexan-1-ol were discovered for the first time in this herb. The fresh leaves are pungent when they are chewed, although the active compound has never been identified. The pungency of Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach (formerly Polygonum hydropiper L., synonym water pepper) is produced by polygodial, a 1,4-dialdehyde derived from drimane terpenoids. We also identified polygodial as the active pungent compound in P. odorata (Lour.) Soják. 相似文献
10.
A. Rieth 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1959,7(1):207-217
Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen an fruchtendem Material des LebermoosesRicciocarpus natans aus China ergaben, daß in einigen nicht unwesentlichen Punkten die in der Literatur zu findenden Angaben über die Art zumindest nicht generelle Gültigkeit haben.Ergebnisse der Chinesisch-deutschen Biologischen Sammelreise durch N und NO China 1956, Nr. 9. 相似文献
11.
Thirty eight accessions of brown mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. and Coss.) were screened after two weeks growth in solution culture containing 120 mol m‐3 NaCl. Considerable variation for salt tolerance was observed in this set of germplasm, since some accessions showed relatively vigorous growth in saline medium. In order to determine the consistency of degree of salt tolerance at different growth stages of crop life cycle two salt tolerant accessions, P‐15 and KS‐51 and two salt sensitive 85362 and 85605 were tested at the adult stage in 0(control), 100 and 200 mol m‐3 NaCl. Both the tolerant accessions produced significantly greater fresh and dry biomass and had considerably higher seed yield than those of the salt sensitive accessions. Analysis of different ions in the leaves showed that salt tolerant accessions contained greater amounts of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ than the salt sensitive accessions, although they did not differ significantly for leaf Cl‐. Only one salt tolerant accession P‐15 had greater leaf K/Na ratio and K+ versus Na+ selectivity compared with the tolerant KS‐51 and the two salt sensitive accessions. From this study it was established that there is a considerable variation for salt tolerance in B.juncea which can be exploited by selection and breeding for improvement of its salt tolerance. Since the degree of salt tolerance in B.juncea does not change at different growth stages of the crop life cycle, selection for salt tolerance at the initial growth stages could provide individuals that would be tolerant at all other growth stages. Accumulation of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ in the leaves are important components of salt tolerance in B.juncea. 相似文献
12.
Krzysztof Różyło Edward Pałys 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):260-266
Full exploitation of the potential of new varieties requires research, whose aim is to adapt the technology to their needs. A two-factor experiment evaluated the effect of row spacing (33, 44, and 55 cm) of three oilseed rape (OSR) varieties (conventional, hybrid, and “semi-dwarf” hybrid variety) on canopy area index (CAI) and yield components. At higher row spacing, OSR plants were characterized by a strong increase in the CAI at successive growth stages; thereby, the incomplete use of production area was compensated at the pod development stage. The differences in the CAI between row spacings were significant until the end of flowering, whereas differences in the CAI between varieties were significant until the flower bud development stage. In the next development phases, CAI of OSR plants was at a similar level to all plots. However, the statistical analysis showed a declining trend in seed yield and yield biomass (pods and straw weight) with increasing row spacing. A positive aspect of increased row spacing was a decrease in glucosinolates content in seeds. The differences in fat content were statistically insignificant. The hybrid varieties of OSR produced the highest seed yield at a row spacing of 33 cm, while the conventional – at a row spacing of 44 cm. These relationships are confirmed by high positive correlations of seed weight and pod weight per unit area with CAI. The results have important practical aspect, because it shows that it is possible to reduce the number of OSR plants per unit area, thereby reducing demand for expensive certified seeds for sowing but to certain limits. Too small plant density binds to the risk of decreased seed yield. It may be justified, e.g., in extensive or organic farming where wide row creates the possibility of mechanical weed control. 相似文献
13.
The variability of 14 landraces belonging to a Madrilean village historically specialized on melon cultivation, Villaconejos,
was evaluated based on 58 quantitative and qualitative morphological traits. These landraces were compared to a reference
array composed of 14 accessions which represented the main varieties cultivated in Spanish fields. Individual data related
to plant, fruit, seed and phenology have been analysed using a multivariate analysis. This analysis showed intra- and inter-varietal
diversity, as emphasized the most discriminant morphological traits in order to define similarities. Villaconejos accessions
were morphologically distinct from the reference accessions (RA). Only the landraces belonging to Piel de Sapo market class
showed common morphological affinities with the RA, grouping with them. The majority of Villaconejos traditional varieties
clustered in five different groups, with no RA within, showing distinctive morphological singularities not described previously.
Two of these groups showed some particularities in fruit traits, which are appreciated as quality marks for Spanish consumers.
These results indicate that these accessions must be conserved as valuable genetic resources to enrich the Inodorus genetic
bases for future breeding proposes worldwide. Furthermore, it should be considered the opportunity of promoting their cultivation
under the shelter of a Protected Geographical Indication as a high quality melon. Finally, the discovering of such a high
variability presented in a very small area, gives a clue for focusing, with an elevated probability of success, future surveys
in similar ancestral European villages which in the past times, also supplied more populated cities with their farming products. 相似文献
14.
Anjula Pandey K. Pradheep Rita Gupta E. Roshini Nayar D. C. Bhandari 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(3):453-460
Moringa oleifera Lam., a medium sized tree species has gained importance due to its multipurpose usage and well adaptability to dry and hot
climates of north-western plains, central India and dry regions of peninsular India. This species is reported in this paper
for distribution of diversity and genetic resources value in different parts of the country. Information on diversification
in use viz. regional importance has been included to broaden the scope for value addition, identification of potential value
and use in plant genetic resource programmes. 相似文献
15.
Benjamin L. Gutierrez Gan-Yuan Zhong Susan K. Brown 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(8):2135-2149
Phloridzin is a phenolic compound unique to apple (Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh.) and its wild relatives. Since its discovery, phloridzin has been researched for its nutraceutical properties, including anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and antioxidant activities, making phloridzin a potential target for nutritional improvement in new apple cultivars. However, phloridzin accumulates at significantly lower concentrations in fruit than in vegetative tissues and seeds. In ‘Golden Delicious’ and its sports, we observed higher phloridzin content in peels of sports with a cuticle disorder termed russet. In russeted apples, the smooth, waxy fruit cuticle is partially or entirely replaced by a corky layer, induced through environmental and genetic effects. To understand the variation of phloridzin content and fruit russet in apple fruit, we surveyed 108 accessions with variation in russeting from the USDA-ARS Malus germplasm collection in Geneva, NY. Russeting in apple fruit ranged from 0 to 100%, and phloridzin content ranged from 24.3 to 825.0 μg/g in peels. Mean phloridzin content varied significantly between russeting groups; in groups with light (0–5%), medium–high (70–80%), and high (90–100%) russeting mean phloridzin content was 115.2, 591.2, and 378.8 μg/g, respectively. We observed that genetic factors and russeting are strong predictors of phloridzin content in peels, but not fruit flesh or leaves. Conversely, other peel phenolics are negatively associated with russeting. We observed variable phloridzin content related to russet incidence during fruit development in ‘Golden Delicious’ (low to medium russet) and its sports, ‘Empress Spur’ (low russet), ‘Razor’ (complete russet), and ‘Sergeant Russet’ (medium to high russet). 相似文献
16.
17.
Ten lots of mapará (Hypophthalmus sp.), captured from the Amazon River, Brazil, were analyzed for their lipid content and fatty acid composition. This knowledge would allow for the development of adequate processing methods and the formulation of therapeutic diets. Separation into neutral and phospholipids was accomplished by silica-gel column chromatography. Fat from the muscular tissue and from the orbital cavity of the mapará was analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in two different seasonal periods. There were high levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the total and neutral lipid with the principal components 16:0, 18:1omega9, 18:0, 16:1omega7, 14:0, 18:3omega3, and 18:1omega7 in both seasons. In the phospholipids there was a high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including primarily 16:0, 18:1omega9, 18:0, 16:1omega7, 22:6omega3, 20:4omega6, 18:3omega3, and 20:5omega3. The ratio omega3/omega6 was the same in the muscular tissue and in the orbital cavity, in both seasonal periods. The muscle tissue could be used in diets that need high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, but use of the head to produce an omega3 fatty-acid-rich oil still requires greater study with respect to its economic viability. 相似文献
18.
Moses M. Muraya Hartwig H. Geiger Fabrice Sagnard Lassana Toure Pierre C. S. Traore Sabine Togola Santie de Villiers Heiko K. Parzies 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(1):83-93
Gene flow between cultivated and their wild relatives is one of the main ecological concerns associated with the introduction
genetically modified (GM) cultivars. GM sorghum cultivar has been developed and its commercial production may be possible
in the near future. The rate of gene flow depends on the fitness of wild × cultivated sorghum hybrids. The study aimed at
estimating adaptive values of wild × cultivated sorghum hybrids in generations F1, F2, and F3 compared to their parents. Artificial crosses of four wild sorghums, five cultivated sorghums, and two male sterile lines
were made to produce the F1 generation, which were advanced to F2 and F3. Each hybrid generation and their respective parents were evaluated for their adaptive value at two sites in a randomised
complete block design with seven replicates. The resulting progenies did not show serious fitness penalties. Some hybrids
were as fit as their respective wild parents and no consistent differences exist between the three generations studied. Thus,
the resultant wild × cultivated hybrids may act as avenue for introgression. 相似文献
19.
Tiitinen KM Yang B Haraldsson GG Jonsdottir S Kallio HP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(7):2508-2513
A fast, one-step gas chromatographic method was developed to analyze trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of sugars, fruit acids, and ascorbic acid in sea buckthorn (Hippoha? rhamnoides L.) berries. The method was applied to berry press juice of sea buckthorn of different origins grown in Finland during the 2003 and 2004 seasons. The method gave reliable results for D-fructose, D-glucose, ethyl-D-glucose, and malic, quinic, and ascorbic acids, which are the major sugars and acids in sea buckthorn juice. For the first time in sea buckthorn and evidently in any berry, the presence of ethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside is reported. The structure of ethyl glucose was verified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), MS, and NMR analyses of both the isolated and the synthesized compounds. In the GC method, vitamin C was analyzed as ascorbic acid only, and dehydroascorbic acid was thus not taken into account. 相似文献
20.
Jens Rohloff Else Berit Skagen Albert Håkon Steen Tor Beisvåg Tor-Henning Iversen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):161-168
Production of varieties of the medicinal plants Mentha 相似文献