GmNMHC5 may promote nodulation via interaction with GmGAI in soybean

Soybean(Glycine max[L.]Merr.)is a food and oil crop whose growth and yield are influenced by root and nodule development.In the present study,Gm NMHC5 was found to promote the formation of nodules in overexpressing mutants.In contrast,the number of nodules in Gmnmhc5 edited with CRISPR/Cas9 decreased sharply.In 35 S:Gm NMHC5 mutants,expression levels of genes involved in nodulation were significantly up-regulated.Both in vitro and in vivo biochemical analyses showed that Gm NMHC5 directly interacted with Gm GAI(a DELLA protein),and the content of gibberellin 3(GA₃)in overexpressing mutants was lower than that in the wild type.These results revealed that Gm NMHC5 participates in the classical GA signaling pathway,and may regulate the content of GA_3 to match the optimal concentration required for nodule formation,thereby promoting nodulation by directly interacting with Gm GAI.A model illustrating the mechanism by which Gm NMHC5 promotes soybean nodulation is presented.     

Genotypic variation in salinity tolerance and its association with nodulation and nitrogen uptake in soybean

Saline soils hamper various physiological functions in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. One example is the reduction in nitrogen (N) uptake capacity, a major dysfunction that limits soybean growth and yield under saline conditions. Previous studies have revealed that tolerance to salinity varies with cultivar; however, the cultivars used in these studies were selected solely based on agro-morphological traits. In this study, we examined genotypic variation in salinity tolerance among 85 soybean genotypes which were selected based on an assessment of both single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers and agro-morphological traits. Additionally, we examined whether salt tolerance is associated with nodulation and N uptake. We used a subset of the world soybean mini-core collection (80 cultivars) and an additional five cultivars/genetic lines (NILs72-T, NILs72-S, Enrei, En-b0-1, and En1282). All plants were grown in pots and treated with saline (final concentration of 150 mM NaCl) during the vegetative growth stage. To evaluate salinity tolerance, we used the ratio of saline-treated (S) to control (C) plant total dry weight [DW (S/C)]. The ratio differed markedly according to genotype. Furthermore, salinity-tolerant genotypes exhibited superior nodulation, leaf greenness, and N uptake under saline conditions. These results indicate that there is a marked genotypic variation in salinity tolerance, and that the tolerant genotypes exhibit greater nodulation and N uptake, although further studies are needed to clarify whether the superior nodulation and N uptake of salinity-tolerant genotypes are responsible for the observed tolerance.     

连作对大豆根瘤形成和固氮功能影响的研究展望

通过分析大豆连作障碍因子对大豆生长和品质的影响,阐明目前连作障碍因素对大豆影响研究中存在的问题,提出研究连作障碍因素对大豆根瘤形成、生长发育和固氮功能的影响是未来大豆连作障碍研究中亟待解决的问题,并指明研究的具体内容和拟要达到研究目标.     

Identification of quantitative trait loci controlling nodulation and shoot mass in progenies from two Brazilian soybean cultivars

Nitrogen (N) demand of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] can be supplied via biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), however, higher yielding cultivars increase plant demand for N. Phenotypes differing for traits associated with biological nitrogen fixation result from the expression of the multiple genes of both the host plant and the microsymbiont, but limited studies have been done on the genetics of the soybean BNF. Integrated maps of soybean with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers [Cregan, P.B., Jarvik, T., Bush, A.L., Shoemaker, R.C., Lark, K.G., Kahler, A.L., Kaya, N., Van Toai, T.T., Lohnes, D.G., Chung, J., Specht, J.E., 1999. An integrated genetic linkage map of the soybean genome. Crop Sci. 39, 1464–1491.] offer an excellent opportunity for the identification of traits related to BNF. This study aimed at the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling BNF and nodulation in an F₂ population of 160 plants derived from an intraspecific cross between two Brazilian cultivars, Embrapa 20 × BRS 133, previously identified as having good potential for mapping of QTLs [Nicolás, M.F., Arias, C.A.A., Hungria, M., 2002. Genetics of nodulation and nitrogen fixation in Brazilian soybean cultivars. Biol. Fertil. Soils 36, 109–117.]. From 252 SSR markers tested in the parental genotypes 45 were polymorphic with high heterozygotes resolution. Mapping was performed with those 45 SSR markers for nodulation [nodule number (NN) and nodule dry weight (NDW)] and plant growth [shoot dry weight (SDW)] phenotypes in F_2:3 lines. A total of 21 SSR loci were mapped with a likehood of odds (LOD) value of 3.0 and a maximum Haldane distance of 50 cM, and were distributed in nine linkage groups with coverage of 251.2 cM. The interval mapping analysis with Mapmaker/QTL revealed two genomic regions associated with NN and NDW, with a contribution of putative QTLs of 7.1 and 10%, respectively. The regression analysis identified 13 significant associations between the marker loci and QTLs due to additive effects, with some of them being significantly associated with more than one phenotypic trait. Effects were observed in all variables studied, ranging from 2 to 9%. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) also detected 13 significant associations, related to dominance effects. A two-way-ANOVA showed six epistatic interactions among non-linked QTLs for SDW, NN and NDW, explaining up to 15% of the trait variation and increasing the phenotypic expression from 8 to 28%. The data obtained in this work establish the initial stage for additional studies of the QTLs controlling BNF and indicate that effective marker-assisted selection using SSR markers may be feasible for enhancing BFN traits in soybean breeding programs.     

大豆新品种龙选1号的选育

龙选1号于1996年在合丰25大豆田里发现的自然变异株，后经过逐年不断株选，提纯复壮，去杂去劣，培育而成的大豆新品种。2004—2005年区域试验平均产量2481．1kg/hm^2，较对照品种绥农14增产11．87％；2006年生产试验平均产量3042．3kg/hm^2，较对照品种绥农14增产14．6％。主要特点是丰产、稳产、蛋白和油分含量较高。     

大豆GmWRI1a基因启动子克隆及其功能分析

为了探究大豆种子油脂合成与储存基因GmWRI1a的调节,分析其启动子功能,从大豆品种东农50基因组中扩增获得GmWRI1a基因转录起始位点上游1669bp的启动子序列,转化拟南芥。GUS染色确定了启动子的有效性,继而根据顺式作用元件的分布,分别扩增得到4个启动子5'端缺失片段1138bp,1087bp,690bp和437bp。4个启动子缺失片段分别转化拟南芥后,通过GUS组织染色结果发现,这些启动子片段能够驱动下游GUS基因表达。GUS酶活表明,启动子存在乙烯、茉莉酸、赤霉素3种激素响应元件,其中乙烯、茉莉酸和赤霉素的响应元件分别分布在-1138^-1087bp、-1087^-690bp和-690^-437bp。     

铵硝配比对大豆生长及结瘤固氮的影响

通过水培方法在5种不同铵硝配比下,研究不同氮形态及接种根瘤菌对大豆生长、结瘤固氮的影响及其生理机制。结果表明,不同铵硝配比对大豆植株生长、产量、生物固氮及氮效率等影响显著,随硝氮比例增加,植株生物量、籽粒产量、结瘤固氮及氮效率等指标均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,以铵硝比25:75处理效果最佳,总体表现为铵硝比25:75≥0:100>50:50>75:25>100:0。较高铵硝比（≥50:50）严重抑制了大豆根系的伸长生长、根瘤的形成及其固氮酶的活性,从而降低了生物固氮的贡献率,最终导致大豆产量及氮素效率的降低。接种根瘤菌显著增加大豆产量和籽粒含氮量,并与铵硝比之间存在协同效应。铵硝比为25:75时接种根瘤菌,氮效率最高,最有利于大豆生长及籽粒产量的形成。研究结果对优化大豆水培营养液配方以及指导农田生产中氮素合理施用均有较强的借鉴作用。     

7S球蛋白亚基含量变异大豆种质的性状鉴定

对从日本引进的5份7S球蛋白亚基组成各异的稀有大豆种质的主要农艺及品质性状进行鉴定,结果表明：Enrei (正常型）、日A-5 (&;#61537;&;#61602;-亚基缺失型）和SF-1 (β-亚基极少型）为高蛋白质和高油含量材料;日A-5与SF-1为高蛋白材料;SF-1为高油材料。日A-5与SF-1的综合农艺性状好,是具有较高利用价值的优异育种材料。     

大豆杂交种杂交豆1号选育报告

杂交豆1号是利用"三系"法生产的大豆杂交种,也是世界上第一个通过正式审定的、可商业化应用的大豆杂交种.不育系为JLCMS9A,恢复系为吉恢1号.杂交豆1号丰产性好,抗病性较强,品质优良.两年区试平均比对照品种吉林30增产21.9%,生产试验比对照增产20.8%.人工接种鉴定结果表明抗大豆花叶病毒病.籽粒脂肪含量21.09%,蛋白质含量39.19%.该品种适于吉林省中晚熟区种植.     

GmSAP5, a soybean A20/AN1 domain-containing stress-associated protein gene activated by GmAREB3, increases drought stress resistance in soybean by mediating ABA signaling

Drought stress impairs crop growth and productivity. Stress-associated proteins(SAPs), a class of zinc finger proteins containing the A20/AN1 domain, function in various stress responses in plants.However, little is known about the function of SAPs in drought-stress responses in soybean, an oil and protein crop. We report that a GmSAP5 protein confers drought tolerance by increasing sensitivity to abscisic acid(ABA) and reducing stomatal aperture. Overexpression and RNA interference of GmSAP5in ...     

国审品种北豆7号的特征特性及高产栽培技术

北豆7号系2006年6月通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定的高产、稳产春大豆新品种,该品种生育期113d左右,单产2488．5kg/^hm2左右。籽粒粗脂肪含量20．76％,粗蛋白含量38．79％,百粒重20g左右。栽培上做到精细整地、适时播种,合理密植、科学施肥、加强田间管理等技术措施均能获得较高产量。     

Protex7L中性蛋白酶改性大豆分离蛋白的工艺研究

利用中性蛋白酶Protex 7L对大豆分离蛋白进行改性研究,以水解度和蛋白质分散指数为评价指标,确定了中性蛋白酶Protex 7L改性大豆分离蛋白的最佳酶解反应条件:加酶量13.5AU/g大豆分离蛋白(SPI)、反应温度55℃、底物浓度为10%、pH值为7.0,酶解时间为1h.在上述条件下大豆分离蛋白的分散性得到显著改善,蛋白质分散指数(PDI值)达到91.8%.     

Calcium/calmodulin modulates salt responses by binding a novel interacting protein SAMS1 in peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

The Ca²⁺/CaM signal transduction pathway helps plants adapt to environmental stress. However, our knowledge on the functional proteins of C²⁺/CaM pathway in peanut(Arachis hypogeae L.) remains limited. In the present study, a novel calmodulin 4(CaM4)-binding protein S-adenosyl-methionine synthetase 1(SAMS1) in peanut was identified using a yeast two-hybrid assay. Expression of AhSAMS1was induced by Ca²⁺, ABA, and salt stress. To elucidate the function of AhSAMS1,...     

根癌农杆菌介导大豆转Bt-cryIA抗虫基因

通过根癌农杆菌介导法,以子叶节为外植体将抗虫基因cryIA转入东农50大豆品种中,对获得的T₀、T₁和T₂代植株采用PCR、RT-PCR及Southern杂交法进行分子检测,并对转基因大豆进行食心虫室内抗性鉴定。经PCR鉴定,T₀植株有4株为阳性植株,T₁有3株为阳性植株,T₂有9株为阳性植株。对3株T₁ 阳性植株进行RT-PCR检测,均扩增得到1 800bp目标片段, Southern杂交分析显示,有2株出现杂交信号,分别为单拷贝和双拷贝。室内抗虫鉴定表明转基因植株食心虫抗性明显优于对照品种,在蛋白质及脂肪酸含量等品质性状上,与对照没有显著差异。证明cryIA基因已整合到受体大豆基因组中,该基因在大豆T₁转基因植株中能够正常转录,抗虫基因cryIA的导入可以提高东农50对大豆食心虫的抗性,其后代的遗传稳定性还有待于进一步的研究。       

大豆种子7S、11S球蛋白及7S球蛋白亚基的研究

利用线性梯度SDS-PAGE方法分析了黑龙江省422份大豆资源材料的7S和11S球蛋白含量、7S球蛋白α′、α和β亚基的含量变化，以及百粒重、蛋白含量、油分含量、11S球蛋白、7S 球蛋白、11S/7S比值的相关性。结果表明大豆种子贮藏蛋白品种间亚基带型基本一致，但是品种间相同亚基含量差异很大，变异系数均大于10％，变异类型丰富，本实验发现1份α′亚基缺失材料。大豆百粒重、蛋白含量、油分含量、11S球蛋白、7S 球蛋白以及11S/7S比值之间的相关性结果表明：11S球蛋白含量和7S球蛋白含量间（r=-1**）、蛋白含量和油分含量间（r=-0.776**）显著负相关；11S/7S 比值和百粒重、蛋白含量以及油分含量间无关.     

The heading-date gene Ghd7 inhibits seed germination by modulating the balance between abscisic acid and gibberellins

Seed dormancy of cultivated rice was largely weakened during the progress of domestication.Correct timing and uniformity of seed germination are important for rapid seedling establishment and highyield production.In the present study,we found that the heading-date gene Ghd7 acted as a negative regulator of germination.A mutant of ghd7 showed low sensitivity to exogenous ABA treatment during seed germination.Further investigation revealed reduced accumulation of ABA in mature ghd7 seeds as a consequence of dampened expression of OsNCED genes.Moreover,elevated GA₃ level was detected in seeds of ghd7 mutant during imbibition course,which was attributed to the induction of genes responsible for the synthesis pathways of bioactive GAs.Thus,Ghd7 inhibits seed germination by increasing the ABA/GA₃ ratio.Besides revealing pleiotropic effects of Ghd7,our results indicate its role in linking seed germination to growth-phase transition in rice,which would enrich the theoretical basis for future breeding practices.     

大豆新品种泉豆7号的选育与栽培技术

泉豆7号系以穗稻黄为母本、福清绿心豆为父本,经有性杂交育成的春大豆新品种。2004、2005年参加国家区域试验,该品种表现丰产性、稳产性好、适应性广、抗倒伏性好,田间抗病毒病强,生育期105d左右。两年平均产量2526．9kg／hm^2,比对照柳豆1号增产10．55％。2006年8月通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定（国审豆2006027）。     

北疆麦田机械套种大豆栽培技术

本文根据两年的试验结果，制定出了北疆麦田机械套种大豆栽培技术措施以供生产单位借鉴。     

酶水解大豆分离蛋白制取大豆肽的应用研究

本文讨论了复合蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶及风味蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白的最佳条件，并比较了四种酶的水解效果，探讨了用活性碳对风味酶水解产物进行脱苦的最佳用量。