猪血液生化指标与生产性能的关系

开展血液生化指标与生产性能关系的研究，有助于筛选出生化遗传标记，通过标记辅助选择，实现早期育种、综述了国内外猪血液酶活性与日增重、胴体性状、日瘦肉量、断奶重的关系，猪血浆蛋白多态性与日增重、瘦肉率、日瘦肉量、转铁蛋白与生产关系的研究进展，并探讨了今后该领域研究的方向。     

猪平均日增瘦肉量的生化遗传标记筛选

本研究以杜×长大杂种猪为研究对象,从血浆蛋白多态性和酶活性两个方面,对猪平均日增瘦肉量（ 简称日瘦肉量）的遗传标记进行了筛选。结果表明,在９ 个血浆蛋白（酶） 位点的３１ 种基因型中,Ａｍ１ 对日瘦肉量模型效应方差分析结果达显著水准,且ＢＢ 型具有正效应。ＡＫＰ、ＧＰＴ 活性与日瘦肉量的相关显著。这几个指标可作为日瘦肉量的标记进一步开展研究和利用     

三个引进品种猪血液生理生化指标分析

<正>血液生理生化指标是反映动物健康状况的重要指标,特别是血液中的酶类是机体细胞内外物质代谢的重要催化剂。H.Doornenbal等~([1])研究表明,某些生化指标的活性不仅与生产性能如日增重、胴体骨百分率相关,而且具有较高的遗传力。因此,生化指标可以作为遗传标记来预测猪的生产性能,特别是酶活性对确定猪种质特性,进行选种选配具有更重要的意义~([2])。我国是猪肉消费大国,杜洛克猪、长白猪、大约克夏猪因具有日增重和胴体瘦肉率高等优点,在市     

三种营养需要模式对生长肥育猪生产性能、胴体品质和瘦肉生长的影响

试验选用体重约20.4kg的三元杂交[杜×(大×长)]猪96头 ,分为3个处理 ,每个处理4个重复 ,分别饲喂3种营养需要模式的饲粮 ,生长期猪体重为20～50kg,肥育期为50～92kg,研究3种营养需要模式对生长肥育猪生产性能、胴体品质和胴体瘦肉生长的影响。结果表明 ,采用建议的营养需要模式配制的饲粮饲养生长肥育猪 ,获得的生产性能、胴体品质、胴体瘦肉增重和无脂瘦肉增重以及胴体瘦肉成分与采用NRC(1998)营养需要模式配制的饲粮相近 ,而且20～90kg 期间无脂瘦肉增重已达到NRC(1998)认为的具有中-高瘦肉生长速度。采用中国(1987)营养需要模式配制的饲粮饲养生长肥育猪 ,其生产性能、胴体瘦肉增重和无脂瘦肉增重都极显著低于上述两种营养需要模式的饲粮 ,综合胴体品质也较差。从本试验结果看来 ,建议的营养需要模式可满足杜×(大×长)生长肥育猪的需要     

饲料适口性的重要性及其主要影响因子

近十几年来的研究表明，猪的生产性能经过不断选育而发生了很大改进，日增重、瘦肉生长、饲料利用率等都有了很大改善。但与此同时，猪的维持需要量提高．而猪的主动采食量降低。也就是说，现代猪的瘦肉生长很快，即使在自由采食的条件下，日粮也会成为一种限制因素，猪的采食量在一定程度上跟不上它的生长与生产。     

家禽血液生化指标与生产性能的关系研究综述

开展血液生化指标与生产性能关系的研究，有助于筛选出生化遗传标记，通过标记辅助选择，实现早期选种。综述了家禽血液酶活性与产肉性能，产蛋性能及体重的关系，家禽血液Amy、AKP、Tf、Potf2多态性与生产性能关系的研究进展，并探讨今后该领域研究的方向。     

烟台猪瘦肉系选育技术

该技术应用遗传学理论,采用烟台黑猪和长白猪、斯格猪进行杂交的方法,选育出生产性能高而稳定的瘦肉系。该品系毛色纯白,繁殖性能和育肥性能均好,育肥猪日增重747克,料重比为2.97:1,瘦肉率为61.55％。同时进行了配合力测定,筛选出的杜洛克X瘦肉系商品猪,日增重827克,料重比2.94:1,瘦肉率63.35％,取得了很好的杂交效果,现已向社会推广瘦     

台湾杜洛克公猪采食行为与生长性能相关性研究

为研究台湾杜洛克猪在育肥阶段采食行为与生长性能的关系,选取体重(41.3±9.1)kg健康的生长猪134头,采用奥斯本全自动种猪生产性能测定系统采集猪采食数据和体重数据,通过统计猪群采食行为24 h的变化规律,对猪群采食行为和生产性能进行相关性分析。结果表明:猪群在1 d中存在2个采食高峰,分别是07:00—10:00和16:00—20:00;猪日增重与日均采食量显著正相关,与日均采食次数、日均采食时长无显著相关;料重比与日增重存在极显著的正相关,与日均采食量、日均采食次数和日均采食时长都无显著相关。     

秸秆氨化与精料添加对羔羊生产性能的影响

本文报道了小麦秸氨化与精料添加对羔羊生产性能影响的研究结果。麦秸氨化提高了羔羊日增重、秸秆与日粮进食量及精料转化效率,但其提高幅度随日粮精料添加量的提高而减小。提高日粮精料添加水平,羔羊日增重与日粮绝对进食量提高,但精料转化效率在氨化与未氨化组呈不同规律变化:未氨化组持续提高,氨化组呈二次曲线规律变化,且“精料/增重”比最低的日粮精料水平为45％。     

梅山猪与西方猪生长性能和胴体特性的比较研究

综述了梅山猪与西方猪生长性能和胴体特性的比较研究.结果表明梅山猪主要以生长性能差和脂肪组织高度发育为特性,梅山猪与西方猪相比,具有显著较低的日增重、采食量和瘦肉组织百分率以及较高的饲料转化率和背膘厚度,但梅山猪的肉质优于欧洲猪的.     

补饲不同蛋白水平日粮对北川白山羊生产性能和屠宰性能的影响

本试验旨在研究放牧补饲不同蛋白水平日粮对北川白山羊生产性能和屠宰性能的影响。选择60只(6月龄)北川白山羊作为研究对象,随机分成4组,即14%蛋白组、16%蛋白组、18%蛋白组和对照组(不补饲),每组15只,测定生产性能、血液生化指标和屠宰性能。结果显示:补饲组北川白山羊平均日增重、血清总胆固醇、尿素氮含量、葡萄糖含量、谷草转氨酶活性、宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率、眼肌面积以及羊肉粗蛋白含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着补饲蛋白水平的增加,血清尿素氮含量呈线性增加(P<0.05),而羊肉水分含量呈线性减少(P<0.05);平均日增重、血清总胆固醇含量、血清葡萄糖含量和羊肉粗蛋白呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。结果表明:补饲不同蛋白水平日粮可以提高血清中血糖、尿素氮、总胆固醇浓度和谷草转氨酶活性,可以在一定程度上改善和提高北川白山羊的生产性能、屠宰性能及肉品质等,北川白山羊的补饲料适宜蛋白水平为16%。     

不同能量水平日粮中添加复合酶制剂对荷斯坦公牛生长发育及血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究不同能量水平日粮中添加复合酶制剂对荷斯坦公牛生长发育及血液生化指标的影响。选择20头6月龄健康的荷斯坦奶公牛,随机分组为5组,分别为高能量日粮加酶组、高能量日粮组、低能量日粮加酶组、低能量日粮组和对照组,每组4头,日粮综合净能摄入量分别为35.26、35.26、30.63、30.63、32.83 MJ,各组日粮粗蛋白质含量基本相同。试验结果表明,①在高能量水平条件下,添加复合酶制剂的试验组组间日增重差异不显著,而在低能量水平条件下,添加复合酶制剂的试验组组间日增重相差达0.14 kg,差异显著(P<0.05);②能量水平相同的条件下,添加复合酶制剂的试验组在胴体重、肌肉重、净肉率及屠宰率等指标上均高于未添加复合酶制剂的试验组;③本试验5种日粮对荷斯坦奶公牛血液生化指标产生了一定影响,能量水平及复合酶制剂均有提高血液中碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶和总胆固醇的趋势。因此,复合酶制剂在低能量水平下饲喂效果较为明显,通过血液生化指标与屠宰指标的相关性分析得出,碱性磷酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶可能是反映并监控荷斯坦奶公牛生长发育和消化代谢的重要指标。     

Effect of recombinant porcine somatotropin on energy and protein utilization by growing pigs: interaction with capacity for lean tissue growth.

Three litters of four pigs from each of four different groups were used to evaluate the effect of porcine somatotropin (pST) on growth performance, body gain composition, energy and N metabolism, and in vitro cytochrome oxydase (final enzyme of the respiratory chain) activity of tissues. The four groups included boars from a synthetic line (SG1) or the Large White breed (SG2) and barrows from the Large White breed (SG3) or crossbred between Large White and Meishan breeds (SG4). Inherent capacity for daily lean tissue growth (LTG) decreased from SG1 to SG4. Within a litter, one pig was slaughtered and dissected at the beginning of the experiment (55 kg BW) and the three others were fed the same daily supply of protein and amino acids (26 g of lysine/d) but relative daily energy levels were either 113 (without pST: E1/0), 100 (3 mg of pST/d: E2/pST) or 87 (3 mg of pST/d: E3/pST). The 100 energy level corresponded to the ad libitum intake of E2/pST pigs. Two energy and N balances were carried out in respiration chambers during the experimental period. Pigs were slaughtered and dissected at approximately 95 kg BW and composition of gain was estimated using the comparative slaughter technique. In E1/0 pigs, daily BW, lean, and N gain were affected (P less than .01) by group; 566, 471, 374, and 315 g/d of lean tissue gain in SG1, SG2, SG3, and SG4 pigs, respectively. At high ME intake (E2/pST vs E1/0), pST increased daily BW (+14%), lean (+27%), or N (+26%) gain and reduced adipose tissue (-50%) gain, but the pST effect was inversely related to LTG: for N, the improvement was 2.8, 7.1, 7.0, and 11.1 g/d in SG1, SG2, SG3, and SG4 groups, respectively. Energy restriction (E3/pST vs E2/pST) reduced (P less than .001) adipose tissue gain in all groups but did not affect lean tissue or N gains in SG1, SG2, and SG3 pigs. In the pST-treated pigs of the SG4 group, the lean tissue or N gains were reduced (P less than .01) by energy restriction. Energy restriction combined with pST treatment (E3/pST) led to negligible amounts of fat deposited (40 g/d for SG1 + SG2 + SG3 pigs) and a gain:feed ratio higher than 500 g/kg (580 in SG1 pigs). The increased heat production measured in pST-treated pigs was due to its maintenance component: 275 vs 257 kcal of ME.kg BW-.60.d-1 (P less than .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

脲酶抑制剂和粗饲料产品对育肥羊生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

选择小尾寒羊母羔羊24只,体重20.5kg左右,采用2×2析因试验设计。一种粗饲料产品是玉米秸块,在此基础上设加与不加20mg/kg脲酶抑制剂共两个水平;另一种粗饲料产品是苜蓿+玉米秸的混合块,然后设添加与不加20mg/kg脲酶抑制剂共两个水平。进行60d育肥试验,以研究在不同粗饲料产品日粮中添加脲酶抑制剂对育肥羊生长性能和血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:①在不同粗饲料产品日粮中添加脲酶抑制剂均能提高育肥羊的日增重,苜蓿+玉米秸混合块日粮较玉米秸块日粮的育肥羊有较高的日增重;②粗饲料产品较脲酶抑制剂对育肥羊的日增重作用效果大;③粗饲料产品及脲酶抑制剂对试验羊的血液生化指标均没有显著影响。     

发酵刺梨渣对贵州水牛×摩拉水牛杂交育肥牛生产性能、肉品质、胃肠道及血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究发酵刺梨渣对贵州水牛×摩拉水牛杂交育肥牛生产性能、肉品质、胃肠道发育、血液生化指标的影响.试验选取30头健康贵州水牛×摩拉水牛杂交育肥牛,随机分为3组,每组10头.对照组、试验组1和试验组2饲粮中分别添加0、13％、18％的发酵刺梨渣进行饲喂试验.试验周期90 d.结果显示:3组杂交育肥牛平均日增重差异不显...     

高粱替代玉米对育肥猪生长性能、血液生化指标、抗氧化性能和免疫力的影响

本试验旨在研究高粱替代不同水平的玉米对育肥猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响。选择体重为(48.93±3.01)kg、健康的杜×长×大三元育肥猪160头,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头猪。基础日粮为玉米-豆粕型,根据NRC(2012)配制,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别用高粱替代30%、65%和100%的玉米,预试期7d,试验期60d。结果表明:与对照组相比,高粱替代部分玉米后对育肥猪的耗料增重比、平均日采食量无显著影响,高粱全部替代玉米后育肥猪平均日增重降低3.4%(P<0.05);用高粱替代65%和100%的玉米对育肥猪血清免疫指标和血液生化指标无显著影响,但抗氧化酶活性提高了32.4%和38.7%(P<0.05),同时还能够降低丙二醛浓度(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,高粱替代玉米可以提高育肥猪血清抗氧化功能,可替代日粮中30%～65%的玉米进行猪育肥生产。     

高精料舍饲条件下不同能量水平对生长期牦牛生长及血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在探究高精料舍饲下不同能量水平日粮对生长期牦牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响.选取生长期健康阉牦牛18头,随机分为3个处理组,每组6个重复,进行全舍饲试验,预试期40d,正式试验期210 d.结果表明:中能量组和高能量组牦牛的平均日增重均显著高于低能量组(P＜0.05),高能量组牦牛平均日增重与饲喂时间呈显著的线性...     

Individual behavioral characteristics of pigs and their impact on production

Two studies were carried out with pigs to determine the relationship between back test results and production parameters and between back test results and other factors. In the first study, 823 piglets were tested with the back test at 10 and 17 days of age. Production parameters such as average daily weight gain and lean meat percentage were determined. In the second study, the back test was performed on 566 piglets at 3, 10, and 17 days of age. The number of escape attempts in the back test (back test score) of the mother was known for 364 piglets. Parameters concerning the health of the sow and piglets were recorded, as well as the sow's reaction to piglet removal for testing. The relationships between production parameters and back test scores of the animals were calculated, as well as the influence of birth weight, sex (all males were castrated), parents, and health parameters on back test scores. Back test scores were fairly consistent over successive tests for each piglet. Males had higher back test scores than females, and piglets from sows with low back test scores also had low scores. Finally, a higher back test score was correlated with a higher lean meat percentage and a better carcass grading at slaughter; no relation with daily weight gain was found. It is concluded that there are individual differences in the way pigs cope with a stressful situation, as measured with the back test, and that this coping behaviour is consistent. A positive correlation exists between back test scores at a young age and lean meat percentage at slaughter. The response to stress, and hence back test scores, is assumed to be inheritable.     

Plasma thyroid hormones, growth and carcass measurements of genetically obese and lean pigs as influenced by thyroprotein supplementation

A 2 X 2 factorial arrangement with two genotypes of pigs (genetically obese and lean) and two dietary treatments (basal, a 16% protein corn-soybean meal standard grower diet, and basal +220 ppm thyroprotein as iodinated casein) was used. The 28 gilts were housed individually and fed ad libitum from 121 d of age until slaughtered at 99 kg body weight. Compared with lean pigs, genetically obese pigs had significantly lower average daily gain and gain/feed, greater backfat thickness, smaller loin eye area, shorter carcass length and lower circulating plasma triiodothyronine (T3) concentration. However, both total plasma and free thyroxine (T4) concentrations were similar comparing obese and lean pigs. Supplementation with thyroprotein increased circulating plasma concentration of both total and free T4 and produced interactions with genotype in affecting daily gain and gain/feed of pigs. Thyroprotein reduced both daily gain and gain/feed in obese pigs, but increased daily gain and gain/feed in lean pigs. It is suggested, similar to the case with obese mice, that heat production of our genetically obese pigs may be more sensitive to thyroprotein administration compared with similar treatment of lean animals.