不同pH下黄棕壤镉的吸附-解吸特征

对黄棕壤在pH2 7不同浓度下Cd2 的吸附与解吸进行了测定。结果表明,Cd2 吸附量随平衡液中Cd2 浓度增加而增大,两者关系较好地符合Langmuir吸附方程。根据吸附等温线参数与pH的相关方程,得到镉吸附等温线的pH依存模式,如Langmuir方程为:C/X=69 334e-1 7183pH (5 5793pH-3 0383)·C。式中,X为土壤Cd2 吸附量(mg/kg),C为平衡液中Cd2 之浓度(mg/L)。解吸Cd2 的数量随pH升高和吸附Cd2 的数量增加而增加,但解吸Cd2 占吸附Cd2 的比例随pH升高而降低,在pH3 7下,黄棕壤解吸Cd2 的比例为42%～95%,平均为75%,说明黄棕壤Cd2 以非专性吸附为主,吸附Cd2 的有效性高。     

酸性条件下粉砂质壤土对Cd~(2+)的吸附解吸特性研究

为了解酸性条件下粉砂质壤土对Cd2+的吸附-解吸机制,采用一次平衡法进行了不同pH值条件下壤土对Cd2+的吸附-解吸实验。结果表明:壤土对Cd2+的吸附量和吸附率均随着pH值升高而增加,不同初始浓度下达到的最大吸附率为0.69~0.95,酸性条件下壤土对Cd2+的等温吸附Freundlich方程拟合效果最好,通过拟合的Langmuir方程计算出壤土对Cd2+的饱和吸附量为2 500 mg/kg。Cd2+的解吸量和解吸前的吸附量呈显著正相关线性关系,解吸率随着pH值升高而减小,pH值从2以等间隔1变化到6,平均解吸率依次为1.11、0.33、0.07、0.06、0.06;表明在酸性污水灌溉条件下污灌壤土中的镉易向下迁移,污染深层土壤和地下水。     

海泡石对典型水稻土镉吸附能力的影响

通过吸附解吸实验研究了添加海泡石后典型水稻土对Cd的吸附解吸特性及其对吸附溶液pH值变化的响应。结果表明,Freundlich方程可以较好地拟合红黄泥、黄泥田和红沙泥3种典型水稻土对Cd的等温吸附过程（R2〉0.962）。在溶液初始Cd浓度相同的情况下,添加海泡石可使3种水稻土对Cd的吸附量增加20%以上,增强土壤对Cd的吸附强度,有效降低吸附Cd的解吸率,其效果随海泡石添加量的增大而增强。3种水稻土吸附Cd的解吸率均高于70%,而且都随吸附量的增加而上升。溶液的pH值是影响土壤吸附Cd的一个重要因素,在低pH值的条件下（pH〈4）,随着溶液pH值的降低,土壤对Cd的吸附量迅速降低,当溶液pH值高于5时,pH值的变化对吸附量的影响较小。在溶液初始pH值2-8范围内,添加海泡石均能有效提高3种水稻土对Cd的吸附能力。     

As(Ⅲ)在可变电荷土壤中的吸附与氧化的初步研究

用一次平衡法研究了两种可变电荷土壤与As(Ⅲ)之间的吸附和氧化还原反应。结果表明,当As(Ⅲ)溶液平衡浓度由0·25上升到1·0mmolL-1,砖红壤对砷的吸附量由15·0增加至25·9mmolkg-1,红壤由7·6增至13·0mmolkg-1,砖红壤对砷的吸附量约为红壤的2倍,这是因为前者铁、铝氧化物的含量高于后者。在pH3~7范围内,土壤对As(Ⅲ)的吸附量随pH的增加而增加。砖红壤中的氧化锰能将As(Ⅲ)氧化为As(V),砷的氧化量在pH3~7范围内随体系pH的增加而减小。砷在红壤中的氧化反应不显著。用1·0molL-1的KNO3对吸附性砷进行解吸的结果表明,砷的解吸率在35%以下,说明大部分砷通过形成内圈型表面络合物为土壤所吸附。在pH2~7范围内,砷的解吸率随吸附体系pH的升高而增加,说明较高pH下外圈型表面络合物的比例增加。     

不同pH下两种可变电荷土壤中Cu(II)、Pb(II)和Cd(II)吸附与解吸的比较研究

对两种可变电荷土壤的研宄表明,土壤对Cu(Ⅱ)、Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附量均随pH的增加而增加,但Cu(Ⅱ)与Pb(Ⅱ)吸附量之间的差值随pH增加而减小,Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)与Cd(Ⅱ)吸附量之间的差值随pH增大呈增大趋势.土壤吸附的Cd(Ⅱ)的解吸量随吸附平衡液pH的增加而增加;但Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)的解吸量先随pH增加而增加,在某一pH时达最大,随后再逐渐减小.3种重金属离子在可变电荷土壤中吸附和解吸行为的不同特征是pH导致的土壤表面电荷的变化和离子水解程度的变化共同作用的结果.本文的研究结果对可变电荷土壤中重金属的控制和污染土壤的修复具有一定的指导意义.     

名山河流域黄壤组分对微团聚体吸附解吸镉的影响

选取名山河流域4种土地利用方式（林地、水田、茶园、旱地）的黄壤为研究对象,采用平衡液等温吸附法和NH4OAC、EDTA溶液解吸法,研究土壤组分（有机质、游离氧化铁）对微团聚体吸附解吸Cd2＋的影响。结果表明：去除土壤组分前后,原土及各粒径微团聚体对Cd2＋的吸附量均随Cd2＋初始浓度增大而增大,吸附量均按以下次序递减：（〈0.002mm）〉2～0.25mm〉原土〉0.053～0.002mm〉0.25～0.053mm,与有机质、游离氧化铁、CEC呈极显著正相关。吸附减少量大小关系为：去除有机质〉去除游离氧化铁,有机质的贡献率大于游离氧化铁。Freundlich方程拟合效果最佳,达到极显著水平,分布系数Kd值与Cd2＋初始浓度呈曲线负相关。NH4OAC解吸率随原吸附Cd2＋初始浓度增大而增大,以最大解吸率计,递减规律为：0.25～0.053mm〉0.053～0.002mm〉原土〉2～0.25mm〉（〈0.002mm）;EDTA解吸率随原吸附Cd2＋初始浓度增大而减小,递减规律与NH4OAC解吸率相反。去除土壤组分后,NH4OAC解吸率上升,EDTA解吸率下降,茶园与旱地黄壤非解吸率减小,林地与水田黄壤非解吸率增大。去除土壤组分后,非专性吸附与吸附总量呈极显著正相关,专性吸附与吸附总量呈极显著负相关。     

水钠锰矿对Cr(Ⅲ)离子的吸附解吸及氧化行为

采取等温吸附热力学方法,探讨了锰氧化合物(水钠锰矿)对Cr(Ⅲ)离子的吸附解吸和氧化特征及温度、pH等因素对其影响。研究结果表明,随着Cr(Ⅲ)初始加入量的增加,总铬吸附量逐渐增大,用Langmuir方程可以很好地描述吸附等温线数据;达到反应平衡时,水钠锰矿对Cr(Ⅲ)离子的氧化量与加入初始Cr(Ⅲ)的浓度呈极显著线性正相关,而水钠锰矿对Cr(Ⅲ)的氧化率,随初始Cr(Ⅲ)浓度增加而减小;温度是影响水钠锰矿对Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附和氧化的重要因素,35℃时的吸附量显著低于25℃时的吸附量,而35℃时的氧化量、氧化率明显高于25℃时的氧化量、氧化率,表明升温对吸附反应不利,而对氧化反应有利;溶液酸度对于Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附和氧化有着不同的影响,随着pH的升高,Cr(Ⅲ)离子氧化量、氧化率增大,然而,水钠锰矿对总Cr的吸附量则随着pH的升高而减小,表明pH的升高有利于氧化反应,而对吸附反应不利。     

支持电解质浓度对磷酸根在可变电荷土壤表面吸附和解吸的影响

研究了离子强度对2种可变电荷土壤中磷酸根吸附和解吸的影响。结果表明,当pH分别大于3.7和4.0时,红壤和砖红壤对磷酸根的吸附量随离子强度的增加而增加;当pH分别小于3.7和4.0时,红壤和砖红壤对磷酸根的吸附量随离子强度呈相反的变化趋势。电解质主要通过改变离子专性吸附面上的电位来影响磷酸根的吸附。Zeta电位的测定结果表明,当pH大于土壤胶体的等电点(IEP)时,吸附面上电位为负值,且随离子强度增加数值减小,对磷酸根的排斥力减小,土壤表面对磷酸根的吸附量增加;当pH小于IEP时,吸附面上的电位为正值,它随离子强度增加而减小,不利于磷酸根的吸附。解吸实验的结果表明,吸附于可变电荷土壤表面的磷酸根在去离子水中的解吸量高于0.1 mol L-1NaNO3体系中的解吸量。这同样由于电解质浓度对土壤表面吸附面上的电位的影响所致。     

湖北恩施几种典型土壤对氟的吸附与解吸特性

采用室内试验方法,研究了恩施六种土壤氟吸附的特性。结果表明:(1)不同土壤的吸附量差异很大,表现为黄粘泥水田土>红粘壤土>泥质岩黄壤土>红砂泥水田土>中性紫色土>黑色石灰土;同一土壤的吸附量随氟离子初始浓度的增大而增大。不同土壤的解吸量在低浓度时差异不明显,高浓度时表现为黄粘泥水田土、红粘壤土、泥质岩黄壤土、红砂泥水田土>中性紫色土>黑色石灰土;同一土壤的解吸量随氟离子初始浓度的增大而增大。(2)Langmuir公式可以很好地描述土壤氟吸附的特性,Freundlich公式能够较好地描述土壤对氟的吸附。(3)去除铁、铝氧化物后土壤氟吸附量明显降低;草酸能够促进土壤对氟的吸附;共存PO43-能够抑制土壤对氟的吸附。     

川西山地黄壤组分对氟的吸附-解吸特征研究

以川西山地黄壤为例,采用选择溶解和模拟试验方法,研究黄壤各组分对F-的吸附与解吸特性。结果表明:黄壤各组分对F-的吸附可分为快速和慢速两个阶段,去除土壤相关组分后,平衡时间缩短,平均吸附速率变大,最大吸附量显著下降。随着初始浓度增大,吸附量呈增加趋势,吸附平衡液pH值上升。与未去除组分相比,经处理的样品对F-的吸附量均有一定程度的降低,其降低量由小到大的顺序为去无定形氧化铁/铝>去有机质>去游离氧化铁/铝。Langmuir、Freundlich、Temkin方程均可较好的拟合样品对F-的吸附,以Langmuir方程最佳。黄壤吸附的F-可为0.02 mol L-1的KCl大部分解吸,去除土壤组分后,黄壤对氟的专性吸附降低,缓冲能力减弱,解吸率增大,解吸率大小顺序为去游离氧化铁/铝>去有机质>去无定形氧化铁/铝>原土,显示了土壤各组分在F-吸附中的重要性差异。     

纳米粘土矿物对阿特拉津的吸附-解吸特性研究

采用批量平衡实验,研究了纳米粘土矿物与原粘土矿物对除草剂阿特拉津的吸附解吸特陛。结果表明,粘土矿物对阿特拉津的吸附-解吸均能用Freundlich方程很好地拟合。随着溶液中阿特拉津浓度的增加,粘土矿物对阿特拉津的吸附量增加;粘土矿物粒径越小,吸附量越大,纳米粘土矿物的吸附量显著大于原粘土矿物。粘土矿物对阿特拉津吸附量大小顺序为：纳米SiO2）纳米蒙脱石〉凹凸棒石〉蒙脱石〉SiO2。粘土矿物对阿特拉津的解吸表现出一定的滞后效应,即粘土矿物吸附的阿特拉津越多,解吸的越少。粘土矿物对阿特拉津的解吸率大小顺序为：SiO2〉凹凸棒石〉纳米蒙脱石〉纳米SiO2〉蒙脱石。     

Adsorption-desorption of atrazine on four soils of Hyderabad

The adsorption-desorption equilibrium of atrazine (2-chloro, 4-ethylamino, 6-isopropyl amino-1, 3, 5 triazine) was studied by the batch equilibration method at 27 ± 1 °C on four soils of Hyderabad. Adsorption isotherms conformed to the Freundlich equation (A = KC^1/n ). K increased in the same order as the organic C content of the soils. Desorption studies were conducted by repeated replacement of 5 mL of the supernatant equilibrium solutions after adsorption, with 0.01 M CaCl₂. Desorption isotherms showed considerable hysteresis which was more prominent when the desorption was carried out with higher adsorbed concentration of atrazine. Desorption from the lowest level of adsorbed atrazine (3 to 5 μg g^?1 soil) was close to the adsorption isotherm. The cumulative desorption after four desorption steps covering five days was significantly different at the 1% level, for different initial adsorbed concentrations of atrazine. Desorption was significantly higher at the lowest adsorbed level of atrazine. The soils differed significantly at 6% level for desorption and the amount desorbed decreased in the inverse order of organic C. Desorption isotherms also conformed to Freundlich equation but K andn values were both higher than that for adsorption and increased with increase in initially adsorbed concentration of atrazine. Desorption thus confirmed the irreversible nature of the adsorption of atrazine on these soils. The quantitative factors and reasons for desorption are discussed.     

Effects of Organic Acids,o-Phenylenediamine and Pyrocatechol on Cadmium Adsorption and Desorption in Soil

This article studied the interaction of cadmium (Cd) and lowmolecular weight organics in Indicotic black (IB) soil.Cadmium adsorption isotherm in this soil was satisfactorilysimulated using Freundlich equation as Q = 905.6C^0.49 with high correlation (r² = 0.984), and its adsorption quantity increased with increasing pH. The presence of citricacid and EDTA significantly reduced Cd adsorption in soil,which was due to the formation of soluble Cd-organic complex. Concentration of cadmium ions in equilibrium solution was determined and percentages of [CdH₂Cit⁺]/[Cd-complex_Total],[CdHCit]/[Cd-complex_Total] and [CdCit^-]/[Cd-complex_Total] vs. pH were successfully calculated. Desorption percentage ofCd, adsorbed in the presence of citric acid and EDTA decreased, compared with that adsorbed in NaNO₃ media. It suggeststhat free sites for Cd adsorption in soil increased in thepresence of organic acid. When o-phenylenediamine, pyrocatechol and aminoethonic acid appeared in Cd equilibrium media, Cd adsorption quantity increased by increasing cation exchange ofpositively charged cadmium complex with soil at low pH. Compared with that performed in the absence of these organics, the exchangeable Cd, desorbed by 0.1 mol L^-1 NaNO₃, reduced obviously, which suggests that Cd-complex was moredifficult to be desorbed than Cd²⁺. Moreover, % Cd desorbedwas linearly correlated with the reverse of the total Cd adsorptionunder unsaturated adsorption.     

2,4-D 对铜在乌栅土胶体和红壤胶体上吸附的影响

应用批平衡法研究了农药2,4-D对Cu在乌栅土胶体和红壤胶体上吸附的影响。结果表明,Cu在两种土壤胶体上的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir方程,Cu在乌栅土胶体上的吸附量较其在红壤胶体上的吸附量要高;在pH3.0～6.7范围内,两种土壤胶体对Cu的吸附量均随溶液pH的升高而升高。2,4-D增加了Cu在土壤胶体上的吸附,2,4-D的浓度越高,Cu的吸附量越大,这主要是由于2,4-D的存在显著增加了平衡液的pH,从而增加了土壤胶体表面所带负电荷量。     

Remediation of Acid Rock Drainage by Regenerable Natural Clinoptilolite

Clinoptilolite is investigated as a possible regenerable sorbent for acid rock drainage based on its adsorption capacity for Zn, adsorption kinetics, effect of pH, and regeneration performance. Adsorption of Zn ions depends on the initial concentration and pH. Adsorption/Desorption of Zn reached 75% of capacity after 1–2 h. Desorption depended on pH, with an optimum range of 2.5 to 4.0. The rank of desorption effectiveness was EDTA?>?NaCl?>?NaNO₃?>?NaOAc?>?NaHCO₃?>?Na₂CO₃?>?NaOH?>?Ca(OH)₂. For cyclic absorption/desorption, adsorption remained satisfactory for six to nine regenerations with EDTA and NaCl, respectively. The crystallinity and morphology of clinoptilolite remained intact following 10 regeneration cycles. Clinoptilolite appears to be promising for ARD leachate treatment, with significant potential advantages relative to current treatment systems.     

Adsorption and desorption of dimepiperate by soils

The adsorption and desorption of dimepiperate, S-(,-dimethylbenzyl)-1-piperidinecarbothioate, on three soils of various physical and chemical properties was studied. Adsorption isotherms conformed to Freundlich equation. The k _f values increased with increasing organic carbon content of the soils. To confirm the effect of organic matter, the adsorption of the herbicide was studied after removal of organic matter by peroxidation. This soil treatment caused a sequential loss of adsorptive capacity. Desorption isotherms also conformed to Freundlich equation, but K _des values were higher than those for adsorption and increased with increase in concentration of initially adsorbed dimepiperate. Hysteresis was indicated by the decrease in slope of desorption compared to adsorption isotherms. Hysteresis decreased with increasing methanol content in the extracting solution. The factors involved are discussed.     

The effect of pH on zinc adsorption by a lateritic soil in the presence of citrate and oxalate

A change in the pH of the rhizosphere may alter the effect that organic ligands have on the concentration of Zn in the soil solution. To assess this effect, Zn adsorption by a lateritic soil was measured in the presence of 0, 1 and 3 mM of citrate and oxalate at nine values of pH ranging from pH 2 to 8. The concentrations of Zn and the ligands remaining in the solution were determined after 17 h shaking with the soil at soil:liquid ratio of 1:5. Subsequently, Zn speciation was calculated. The effectiveness of an organic ligand (L) in changing Zn adsorption was influenced by the sign of the charge of the Zn-L complex, the point of zero salt effect (PZSE) of the soil, the pH of the soil solution and the quantity of the complex formed. When the pH was above the PZSE of the soil, citrate decreased Zn adsorption by up to 38% whereas it increased Zn adsorption by as much as 51 % when the pH was below the PZSE. Oxalate had a similar but smaller effect than citrate under the conditions of the experiment. Zn adsorption was correlated with the concentration of zinc citrate in both pH regions (r2>0.98) and with oxalate above pH 2.7. The increase in Zn adsorption at low pH could have been caused by the adsorption of negatively charged Zn-L complexes.     

炭化秸秆对水体中氨氮和磷的吸附性能及其与粉煤灰和炉渣的对比

采用恒温振荡吸附试验方法,研究了炭化秸秆对水体中氨氮和磷的吸附,并与粉煤灰和炉渣两种物料的吸附性能进行了对比。结果表明,炭化秸秆对氨氮和磷的吸附容量和吸附率小于粉煤灰、但大于炉渣,且3种物料对氨氮和磷的吸附容量,都随着吸附剂投加量的增加而减小;炭化秸秆和粉煤灰的吸附率随着吸附剂投加量的增加而增大,炉渣则减小;炭化秸秆和炉渣对氨氮和磷的吸附率随着pH值的增大而呈现不规则的增大趋势。3种物料对氨氮和磷的吸附容量受pH的影响很小,粉煤灰对氨氮的吸附容量在pH为6时最高,但在pH为4时炭化秸秆对氨氮的吸附容量最低。     

长期施钾肥水稻土对铵离子吸附特征及影响因素的研究

以长期施 K 肥的水稻土为研究对象,以不施肥处理为对照,应用Langmuir 等温吸附方程对比研究两种处理水稻土对铵离子(NH4 )的吸附特征及影响因素.结果表明:本研究中水稻土对NH4 的吸附属于受浓度梯度扩散控制的物理吸附.土壤对NH4 的吸附量随吸附溶液NH4 浓度的增大而增加,但增加的幅度随吸附溶液NH4 浓度的增加而减小.不同大小团聚体对NH4 的吸附能力存在差异.土壤对NH4 的吸附特征通过拟合Langmuir方程发现,和不施肥处理相比,长期施用K肥提高了土壤对NH4 的最大吸附量,表明K肥的施用提高了土壤对NH4 的吸附潜力,可能的原因在于长期施K肥土壤伊利石含量和pH值的增加,固定态NH4 含量的降低.     

恒电荷土壤与可变电荷土壤K+的吸附特性

对我国 3种典型可变电荷土壤和 4种恒电荷土壤在不同 K 浓度和 p H下 K 的吸附特性进行了研究。结果表明 ,两类土壤 K 吸附量均随平衡 K 浓度增加而增加 ,在低浓度 (添加K 0 .1～ 1.0 mmol/ L )时两者符合线性 ,在高浓度 (添加 K 0 .5～ 5 .0 mmol/ L )下两者符合Langmuir方程。L angmuir方程的参数 K两类土壤间差异不大 ,但以可变电荷土壤 >恒电荷土壤 ,说明前类土壤 K吸附结合能较大 ,吸附 K 不易解吸 ,K 有效性较低。p H降低使土壤 K 吸附量减少 ,但恒电荷土壤与可变电荷土壤减少的机理不同 ,前者主要是由于 H 与 K 的竟争吸附 ,而后者主要是由于表面负电荷减少而引起的电性引力的改变。