东山湖羊保护区湖羊血液蛋白多态性研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对东山湖羊保护区100只湖羊的血红蛋白(Hb)、转铁蛋白(Tf)和血清酯酶(ES)的多态性进行了研究。结果湖羊Hb和Tf位点具有多态性,ES位点不具有多态性。血红蛋白位点上有HbA和HbB两个等位基因控制的HbAA、HbAB和HbBB 3种基因型,其中HbBB和HbB分别为优势基因型和优势等位基因;转铁蛋白位点上有6种复等位基因TfA、TfB、TfC、TfD、TfG、TfL控制的TfAA、TfAC、TfAD等14种基因型,其中TfCD和TfDD为优势基因型,TfD为优势等位基因;ES只存在ESA表型,不存在ESa表型。以上研究结果对湖羊的保种与选育具有一定的参考价值。     

无角陶赛特羊血清转铁蛋白多态性的初步研究

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术(PAGE)对永昌肉用种羊场的无角陶赛特羊、F1、土种羊三个群体血清转铁蛋白基因座多态性进行了检测,结果发现在Tf位点上均存在丰富的多态性,并且都由TfA、TfB、TfC和TfD四种等位基因控制.无角陶赛特羊转铁蛋白基因座有5种表型,即TfAC、TfAD、TfBC、TfBD、TfCC,其中TfCC和TfC分别为优势基因型和优势基因;土种羊具有TfAA、TfAB、TfAC、TfAD、TfBC、TfCC、TfCD、TFCD等8种基因型,TfA和TfA分别为优势基因型和优势基因;杂种一代羊表现为TfAA、TfAC、TfBB、TfBC、TfBD、TfCC共6种基因型,TfCC和TfC分别为优势基因型和优势基因.无角陶赛特羊和杂种一代羊转铁蛋白占优势的基因型均为TfCC,与体重、体尺的相关性显著.     

洼地绵羊血液蛋白Hb和Tf多胎性研究试验

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对洼地绵羊的血红蛋白 (Hb)及血清转铁蛋白 (Tf)位点多胎性进行了分析 ,结果表明 :①洼地绵羊Hb位点含有 3种表现型即HbAA、HbAB、HbBB ,受两个等显性等位基因 (HbA、HbB)控制 ,其中HbB 为优势基因。②Tf位点检出 5种等位基因TfA、TfB、TfC、TfD、TfE,组成 9种表现型TFAA、TFAB、TfAC、TfBB、TfBC、TfBD、TfBE、TfCD、TfCE ,其中TfC 位优势基因。③血液蛋白质位点的不同表现型之间 ,母羊产羔数有一定的差异。根据Hb位点 ,洼地绵羊早期应选择HbAB型母羊 ,而HbAA型母羊较差 ,根据Tf位点 ,含有TfE 基因的洼地绵羊母羊产仔数较低     

山东地方绵羊品种血液蛋白质多态性研究

本研究采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对山东省 4个地方绵羊品种的血红蛋白 (Hb)及血清转铁蛋白 (Tf)座位多态性进行了分析。结果表明 ,山东 4个地方绵羊品种Hb座位均含有两种基因HbA和HbB,HbB 为优势基因 ,组成 3种表现型HbAA、HbBB和HbAB ;Tf座位共含有 5种等位基因 ,TfB、Tfc 为共有的优势基因 ,小尾寒羊TfD 为最优势基因 ,山地绵羊和大尾寒羊的TfA 亦具有较高的基因频率 ,共组成 1 4种Tf表现型     

新疆喀什地区绵羊血红蛋白多态性研究

为了研究新疆喀什地区绵羊血红蛋白(Hb)多态性,试验利用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(PAGE法)对喀什地区不同品种绵羊的血红蛋白多态性进行研究。结果表明:在喀什土羊、多浪羊、杂种肉羊、小尾寒羊中HbBB、HbAB基因型频率分别为0.806,0.194,0.844,0.156,0.330,0.670,0.800,0.200,其中HbBB为优势基因型;HbB、HbA的等位基因频率分别为0.903,0.097,0.922,0.078,0.665,0.335,0.900,0.100,其中HbB为优势等位基因。另外,发现等位基因变异体HbC型。     

兰州大尾羊血液蛋白(酶)多态性的研究

以126只兰州大尾羊为实验对象,采用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)对血清酯酶(Es)、淀粉酶(Amy)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、血红蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白(Alb)、后白蛋白(Po)和转铁蛋白(Tf)等7个蛋白位点进行了多态性检测和遗传多态性分析。结果表明,在所检测的7个蛋白位点中,Es、Hb、Po和Tf等4个蛋白位点表现多态性,而Alb、Amy和LDH等3种蛋白(酶)未检测到多态性。其中,Es基因座上共检测到3种基因型,即Es++、Es+-、Es--;Po基因座上表现出2种基因型,即AA、AB;Tf蛋白位点上表现出5种基因型,分别为AC、BB、CC、BC、CD;Hb蛋白位点上表现出3种基因型,分别是AA、AB、BB。群体遗传分析表明,Es、Hb、Po、Tf的杂合度分别为0.4987、0.4574、0.3346、0.5547。Es、Hb、Po、Tf蛋白位点有效等位基因数分别为1.9948、1.8430、1.5029、2.2457。卡方检验表明,在Es、Po、Tf、Hb多态性位点均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。兰州大尾羊种内平均有效等位基因数、平均杂合度、平均多态信息含量分别为1.8966、0.4614、0.3802。平均杂合度和有效等位基因数呈明显下降趋势。     

平武黄牛血红蛋白和血清运铁蛋白多态性研究

应用醋酸纤维薄膜和垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对四川平武黄牛地方牛种的血红蛋白（Hb)和血清运铁蛋白（Tf)座位多态性进行了分析。结果表明：平武黄牛Hb座位含有3种基因HbA,HbB和HbC,HbC为优势基因，组成5种表现型，同时发现了2头突变个体（基因型暂定为AX型）；Tf座位有4个等位基因，TfD1和TfE为优势基因，组成10种表现型；与秦川牛，宣汉牛比较，Hb和Tf座位的不同基因及基因型频率都有很大差异。     

甘肃滩羊血液蛋白多态性及标记性状的应用研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术 ,测定分析了甘肃皋兰、景泰及靖远 3个滩羊种群Hb、Tf、Es、Amy、Alb、EP - 1、EP - 2 7个蛋白座位的多态性。除了Amy、Alb、EP - 1、EP - 2四个座位呈现单态外 ,其余 3个蛋白座位都表现出丰富的多态性。Hb、Tf、Es在 3个滩羊地方种群中表现出地区分布和选育不同程度的差异性。Hb和Es基因座各具有 3种基因型 ,受两个等位基因控制 ,其中HbB 基因在 3个群体中均占优势。Es-基因在皋兰和景泰群体中占优势 ,Es+ 在靖远群体中占优势 ;Tf基因座有 2 1种基因型 ,受 8个复等位基因控制 ,其中TfB、TfC 基因和TfBC、TfCC基因型在 3个群体中均占优势。甘肃滩羊 3个地方种群的Nei氏预期平均基因杂合度 (H)都很低 ,其值分别为 0 .2 0 37、0 .2 0 2 1和 0 .2 2 5 4 ;滩羊群体间的平均基因多样度 (Dst)和基因分化系数 (Gst)的值分别为 0 .0 0 19和 0 .0 0 90。结合羔羊肥育试验筛选出HbAA、Es+ + 两个高产基因型 ,作为滩羊肉用选育方向的标记辅助选择 ,并建立了与部分生产性能相关的多元回归线性数学模型     

豫西脂尾羊血液蛋白的多态性研究

本研究利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术(PAGE)分析了河南豫西脂尾羊的血红蛋白(Hb)、转铁蛋白(Tf)、红细胞蛋白质(Ep)、前白蛋白(Pa)和血清酯酶(Es)的多态性。结果表明,在豫西脂尾羊群体中Hb存在3种基因型为HbAA、HbAB、HbBB,它们受Hb^A和Hb^B两个共显性等位基因控制,其中HbAA基因型频率为0.0571,HbAB为0.6286,HbBB为0.3143;Hb^A等位基因频率为0.3714,Hb^B为0.6286。Tf存在3种基因型为TfAA、TfAB、TfBB,它们受Tf^A和Tf^B两个共显性等位基因控制,其中TfAA基因型频率为0.2000,TfAB为0.2545,TfBB为0.5455;Tf^A等位基因频率为0.3273,Tf^B为0.6727。Ep有EpAA和EpAa共2种基因型,其中EpAA基因型频率为 0.4286,EpAa为0.5714;Ep^A基因频率为 0.7143,Ep^a为0.2857。Es基因座有2个等位基因即Es⁺和Es^-,而且Es⁺和Es^-的基因频率分别为0.5500和0.4500,有3种基因型Es⁺⁺、Es^+-、Es^--的频率分别为0.4250、0.2500和0.3250。Pa上未检测到多态性,它呈现单态。     

平武黄牛血液蛋白质多态性研究

应用醋酸纤维薄膜和垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对四川平武黄牛地方牛种的血红蛋白（Hb)和血清运铁蛋白（Tf)座位多态性进行了分析。结果：平武黄牛Hb座位含有3种基因HbA,HbB和HbC,HbC为优势基因，组成5种表现型，Tf座位有4个等位基因，TfD1和TfE为优势基因，组成10种表现型；与秦川牛，宣汉牛比较，Hb和Tf座位的不同基因及其因型频率都有很大差异。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein