Preliminary study of viscoelastic properties of MAPP-modified wood flour/polypropylene composites

Viscoelastic properties of maleated polypropylene (MAPP)-modified wood flour/polypropylene composites (WPC) were investigated by both a compression stress relaxation method and dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA). Three wood to polymer ratios (40:60, 60:40, and 80:20) and five MAPP loading levels (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8%) were used to study their effects on the viscoelastic properties of MAPP-WPC. The results show that: 1) higher wood to polymer ratio corresponds to higher stress relaxation levels for unmodified WPC. The modification with MAPP has an obvious effect on the stress relaxation of MAPP-WPC at higher wood to polymer ratios (60:40 and 80:20), but almost no effect at the 40:60 wood to polymer ratio. The optimal MAPP loading level for the wood to polymer ratio of 60:40 appears at 1%; 2) the storage modulus reaches its maximum at a MAPP loading level of 1% for wood to polymer ratios of 40:60 and 60:40, while for the 80:20 wood to polymer ratio, a higher storage modulus is observed at higher MAPP loading levels, which is quite consistent with the stress relaxation results. The results suggested that a suitable loading level of MAPP has a positive effect on the viscoelastic properties of WPC at higher wood to polymer ratios. Excessive MAPP loading would have resulted in adverse effects.     

木纤维PP/PE共混物复合材料的流变和力学性能(英文)

For evaluation of the rheological and mechanical properties of highly filled wood plastic composites （WPCs）, polypropylene/polyethylene （PP/PE） blends were grafted with maleic anhydride （MAH） to enhance the interfacial adhesion between wood fiber and matrix. WPCs were prepared from wood fiber up to 60 wt.% and modified PP/PE was blended by extrusion. The rheological properties were studied by using dynamic measurement. According to the strain sweep test, the linear viscoelastic region of composites in the melt was determined. The result showed that the storage modulus was independent of the strain at low strain region （〈0.1%）. The frequency sweep resuits indicated that all composites exhibited shear thinning behavior, and both the storage modulus and complex viscosity of MAH modified composites were decreased comparing to those unmodified. Flexural properties and impact strength of the prepared WPCs were measured according to the relevant standard specifications. The flexural and impact strength of the manufactured composites significantly increased and reached a maximum when MAH dosage was 1.0 wt%, whereas the flexural modulus after an initial decreased, also increased with MAH dosage. The increase in mechanical properties indicated that the presence of anhydride groups enhanced the interracial adhesion between wood fiber and PP/PE blends.     

Effect of maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene （MA-SEBS） on impact fracture behavior of polypropylene / wood fiber composites

MA-SEBS as compatibilizer and impact modifier was incorporated into Polypropylene/Wood Fiber （PP/WF） to enhance interface adhesion and impact strength of the composite. The effect of MA-SEBS content on the impact fracture behavior of PP/WF composites was studied. The impact properties of composites with 8% MA-SEBS reached the maximum value. And further increasing of MA-SEBS content to 10% did not improve the fracture toughness, but improved the stiffness of composites by DMA analysis. This was attributed to the improved PP/WF adhesion. As the MA-SEBS content is more than 8%, the molecule interaction of PP and WF was expected to much stronger than lower MA-SEBS. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） was performed to analyze the impact fracture surface and showed a stronger affinity for the wood surfaces.     

MA-SEBS对木纤维/聚丙烯复合材料冲击断裂行为的影响(英文)

马来酸酐接枝苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯(MA-SEBS)用作聚丙烯/木纤维复合体系的界面相容剂及冲击改性剂,来提高其界面粘接及冲击强度。研究了MA-SEBS含量对PP/WF复合材料冲击断裂行为的影响,当MA-SEBS含量达到8%时,冲击性能达到了最大值,进一步增加到10%并未提高其断裂韧性,但动态热机械分析(DMA)表明复合材料刚性的提高,这归因于PP/WF界面的改善,当MA-SEBS超过8%,聚丙烯与木纤维分子间的相互作用增强。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了样品的断裂表面,表明木纤维与聚丙烯表面强烈的界面粘结。图5表1参11。     

Toughening wood/polypropylene composites with polyethylene octene elastomer （POE）

Introduction Wood-Plastic Composite (WPC), due to its high stiffness, low density, low cost, environment friendly characteristics such as recyclablity and biodegradability, is gaining more and more interests, both in research and application. However, one…     

Improvement in compatibility and mechanical properties of modified wood fiber/polypropylene composites

To improve the interfacial compatibility between wood fibers and polypropylene and the toughness of wood-fiber/polypropylene composites, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) and maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene copolymers (SEBS-g-MAH) were used as modifiers. Mechanical properties of wood-fiber/polypropylene (WF/PP) composites were improved when PP-g-MAH or SEBS-g-MAH was added. When either of these copolymers was added, the composites had better interfacial compatibility than the unmodified composite. This was verified by scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The mechanical properties of the composites were significantly improved because of the good interfacial bonding between wood fibers and polypropylene when PP-g-MAH and SEBS-g-MAH were added. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2007, 29(2): 133–137 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

The effect of hyperbranched polymer lubricant as a compatibilizer on the structure and properties of lignin/polypropylene composites

Abstract

In this work, the lignin/polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by lignin and PP using hyperbranched polymer lubricant (HBPL) as a compatibilizer, which was synthesized by oleic acid and amino-terminated hyperbranch (HBP-NH₂) polymer in toluene solvent. The impact and flexural strength of the resulting composites were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the impact strength and flexural strength of lignin/PP composites modified with HBPL are 52.3% and 63.6% higher than that of untreated systems, respectively. HBPL treatment could also significantly improve the melt flow rate (MFR) of the lignin/PP composites. Meanwhile, the storage modulus (E′) of adding the HBPL was slightly higher than that of the uncompatibilized system. In addition, scanning electron microscope images showed that the dispersion of the lignin added with HBPL in the polymer matrix was improved. It can be inferred that the lignin and PP matrix interfacial bonding was strengthened.     

木粉加入量对木／塑复合材料性能影响的研究

研究了聚丙烯与木粉以不同比率复合而成的材料的物理力学性能和复合形态特征。结果表明：不同混合比率的聚丙烯与木粉进行复合后所得的复合材料，除冲击强度有所降低外，其它力学性能均比纯聚丙烯的有较大幅度的提高。木粉表面的酯化处理可以改善木塑界面之间的相容性和复合材料的均匀性。在木塑复合过程中木塑之间发生镶嵌现象使木塑之间产生物理结合。     

Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Wood Powder /Polypropylene Composites

The dynamic mechanical properties of wood powder/polypropylene composites with different wood content treated and untreated with the compatibilizer have been studied. It has been found that addition of wood powders and the compatibilizer can both improve the viscoelasticity of composites. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of appropriate wood powder-filled composites decreased. The value for the storage modulus (G') increased gradually with increasing wood powder content. The addition of the compatibilizer made glass transition temperature shift to a higher temperature. DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) results showed that, for pure PP, the addition of the compatibilizer decreased its melting point, and increased its Calorie of Melt at the same time. For the composite with 50 % wood powder treated with the compatibilizer, the melting point was almost unchanged, but its Calorie of Melt decreased.     

Dielectric properties of Simon poplar wood flour/polypropylene composite at oven-dry state

Interfacial compatibility is a crucial factor to the performance of wood-plastic composites （WPCs）. Yet, so far, the coupling mechanisms of WPC have not been completely understood. In order to further clarify the interfacial coupling mechanism, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor of Simon poplar wood flour/polypropylene composites without additives at different wood contents were measured at oven-dry state, and parameters and thermodynamic quantities of the relaxation process were also analyzed and calculated. Consequently, an obvious relaxation process based on the reorientation of methanol groups in amorphous region of wood cell wall was observed exactly that its dielectric loss factor peak decreased with the decreasing wood content within the measured range of 50%-100%. With the trend of dielectric relaxation strength, the two changing trends both revealed that the existence of polypropylene could hinder reorientation of methanol groups. Following the decreasing wood contents, the effect of the hindrance on the dielectric properties turned obvious gradually. It elucidated that introduction of polypropylene caused the quantities of hydrogen bonds formed between each methanol group and the groups around it change. The same conclusion could be drawn from the analysis of thermodynamic quantities during the dielectric relaxation progress.     

Performance of thermomechanical wood fibers in polypropylene composites

ABSTRACT

Thermomechanical wood fibers, as usually used for medium density fiberboard or cardboard production, feature promising characteristics, like a high aspect ratio, for the utilization in thermoplastic composites. The present study investigates the influence of fiber loading and fiber geometry on the mechanical properties of wood-polypropylene composites in order to confirm the results that were found in a previously published literature review. Composites were compounded at fiber contents from 20 to 60 wt.%, using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder and subsequently injection molded to test specimens. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was carried out to evaluate the fracture morphology of the composites. Fiber length was evaluated using an applying a dynamic image analysis system. Compounding reduced fiber lengths up to 97%. The mechanical properties decreased with increasing fiber content for composites without a coupling agent. Strength properties peaking at a fiber content of 50?wt.% for composites containing MAPP. Tensile strength and flexural strength reached 48.1 and 76.4 MPa, respectively. However, it was found that the processing of these fibers into conventional compounding equipment is still challenging.     

Properties of PEG/thermally modified wood flour/polypropylene (PP) composites

In order to improve the dimensional stability of wood-polymer composites, wood flour pre-treated by polyethylene glyco1 (PEG) at two different concentrations and then thermally treated at 140°C, was used as raw material to produce wood flour/polypropylene (PP) composites at a wood content of 40%. The structure of modified wood flour was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and its effect on the physical and mechanical properties of wood flour/PP composites was evaluated. The SEM results indicated the "bulking" effect of PEG on wood flour, which resulted in reduced water uptake. The combination of PEG and heat treatment further improved the moisture resistance of the composites. However, PEG modification had a negative effect on the flexural modulus of rupture (MOR) and the modulus of elasticity (MOE); whereas heat treatment partly compensated for this reduction. For dynamic mechanical properties, PEG treatment decreased the storage modulus (E′). However, the heat treatment resulted in an increase of E′ of the wood flour/PP composites, with the temperature of loss factor peaks shifting to a higher temperature.     

不同改性剂对木塑复合材料性能的影响研究

采用木材纤维分别与PE、PS、ABS、SAN四种塑料制成木塑复合材料，根据物理力学性能的检测，研究了不同改性剂对木塑复合材料性能的影响。结果表明：加入改性剂能改善木材纤维与所用塑料交接性能，改性剂可以提高复合材料的力学强度；不同的改性剂对复合材料的性能产生不同的影响，异氰酸酯胶改性效果比较好。木塑复合材料既保持了木质材料原来的优良品质，又具有塑料的一些特性，其防水性、尺寸稳定性、力学强度等指标均有较大改善。图5参6。     

协同改性对水性UV木器涂料性能的影响

采用SiO2和CaCO3对水性紫外光(UV)固化木器涂料进行协同改性,通过优化工艺参数制备了水性UV固化木器涂层,并对涂层的力学性能和光泽度进行了测试.发现当水性UV固化木器涂料中CaCO3的含量控制在5.0％,SiO2含量在2.0％ ～3.0％时,先将水性UV固化木器涂料在40℃烘箱中干燥10 min,然后在UV灯下照射1min,得到的水性UV固化木器涂层具有良好的硬度、附着力和抗冲击强度;但是当SiO2含量高于3.0％时,水性UV固化木器涂层的力学性能反而下降.光泽度测试表明,当CaCO3含量控制在5.0％,水性UV固化木器涂层的光泽度随SiO2含量的升高而下降,当SiO2含量超过1.0％时,水性UV固化木器涂层呈现亚光光泽度.     

糠醇化对橡胶木性质的影响

以平衡含水率(EMC)和线性湿涨系数(LSC)为评价指标,研究了不同质量增加率(WPG)的糠醇改性对橡胶木吸湿尺寸稳定性的影响,并从尺寸稳定性角度探讨糠醇改性的临界WPG;还分析了糠醇改性对抗弯强度(MOR)和抗弯弹性模量(MOE)的影响,并探讨了减量平衡含水率(EMCR)衡量浸渍改性材吸湿性的可行性.结果表明:糠醇化可以显著降低橡胶木的EMC和LSC,EMC受WPG的影响明显,LSC随着WPG的增加而显著下降,基于LSC和胞壁充涨系数推导的临界WPG两者之间存在较大误差;改性材的MOE随WPG提高而增加,增幅约在30％ ～40％,但MOR却略有下降;与基于浸渍材绝干质量的EMC相比,基于浸渍前绝干质量的EMCR能更客观地评价浸渍改性后木材的吸湿能力,可用于吸湿性的研究中,但鉴于用户和第三方检测不方便,不推荐其作为改性产品的评价指标.     

可生物降解竹粉/聚己内醋复合材料的制备及其性能

利用转矩流变仪制备竹粉/聚已内酯复合材料,观察配方和加工工艺对加工流变性能的影响,并研究所制备的竹粉/聚已内酯的力学性能和微观形貌.结果表明,竹粉/聚己内酯复合材料的最佳配方为:聚己内酯70份、竹粉30份、铝酸酯1.6%(相对于竹粉的质量比)、硬脂酸1.2%和石蜡2%.最佳加工条件为:温度100"(2,转速50 r·min-1.竹粉含量为30份和聚己内酯70份的竹粉/聚己内酯复合材料界面相容性好,力学性能较佳.     

Effect of Wood Particle Size on the Properties of Wood/Polypropylene Composites Ⅰ:Mechanical Properties

The mechanical properties of wood powder/polypropy!ene composites with different wood particle sizes and wood species have been studied. All of the wood particie sizes increased the E-modulus of the composites. Tensile tests showed that wood partide sizes had a negative effect on the elongation at break and the tensile strength of the composites has been improved when wood particle sizes were be(ow 150 μm (below 100 mesh). For the impact tests, the wood partide sizes had a negative effect, but the MDF fiber can increase the Izod impac     

炭含量对竹炭/高密度聚乙烯复合材料电磁屏蔽和力学性能的影响

为了探究竹炭含量对竹炭基复合材料性能的影响,以竹炭(BC)和高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)为原料,采用熔融挤出-模压成型工艺制备竹炭/高密度聚乙烯(BC/HDPE)复合材料,通过对不同竹炭含量的BC/HDPE复合材料进行测试,研究炭含量对复合材料力学性能、热性能、电磁屏蔽性能以及微观结构的影响.结果表明,竹炭对BC/HD...