亚麻粉孢引起的狭叶十大功劳白粉病

通过对江苏地区狭叶十大功劳白粉病的调查和病原鉴定证明,该病害由亚麻粉孢OidiumliniSkoric引起,属于首次报道。     

Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi by plant extracts used in Chinese medicine

In this work, we assessed the effect of extracts obtained from 17 plants used in traditional Chinese medicine. These extracts were tested in vitro with the epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi, clone Bra C(15) C(2), at 27 degrees C in F-29 medium at a concentration of 100 microg/ml in axenic cultures. Allopurinol was used as reference drug. Seven plant extracts showed inhibitory activities lower than 25%. Pueraria lobata, Mahonia beaei, Dictamus dasycarpus, Kochia scoparia, Sophora flavescens and Ligustrum lucidum showed effects with inhibition values between 25% and 60%, whereas Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Saussurea lappa, Melia toosendan and Cinnamomum cassia showed the greatest inhibitory activity of 100%. The IC(50) of these extracts were: 0.4, 2.4, 1.8 and 3.9 microg/ml, respectively. The MTT assay was made and did not show cytotoxic activity. These results allowed us to suggest that L. erythrorhizon, S. lappa, M. toosendan and C. cassia could be a source of new compounds against T. cruzi.     

6种野生灌木的抗旱性研究

对胡颓子(Elaeagnus bockii Diels)、三颗针(Berberis julianaeSchneid)、金丝梅(Hypericum patulum Thumb)、十大功劳(Mahonia fortunei(Bindl)Fedde)、刺梨(Rosa roxburghii Trau)和火棘(Pyracantha fortuneana(Maxim)Li.)等6种野生灌木采取盆栽控水方式进行了水分胁迫,测定了各树种抗旱性的主要生理指标,并采用隶属函数法对6个树种进行综合评定,结果表明:叶片相对水分亏缺、保水力、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛含量、相对电导率、叶绿素含量等是影响树种抗旱性的主要生理指标;6个树种的抗旱性强弱为三颗针>胡颓子>火棘>十大功劳>刺梨>金丝梅。     

阔叶十大功劳叶柄愈伤组织诱导及试管苗培养的研究

以大连市引种的阔叶十大功劳嫩叶柄为外植体,采用组织培养方法研究其快繁技术,结果表明:愈伤组织诱导的初代和继代理想培养基是MS+KT 0.6 mg·L-1+2,4-D 2.5 mg·L-1;不定芽分化的理想培养基是1/4MS+ZT0.4 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1;不定芽生根的理想培养基是1/3MS+IAA0.5mg·L-1;试管苗生根继代培养形成的试管苗生长旺盛,生根率为94.6%,生根数为7.2条,每代的繁殖系数为2.8。试管苗移栽平均成活率为89.8%,生长旺盛,在大连地区可正常越冬,翌年即可开花。     

Effect of Mahonia aquifolium stem bark crude extract and one of its polysaccharide components on production of IL-8.

The crude hydroalcoholic extract of Mahonia aquifolium stem bark and a polysaccharide isolated from the extract were tested for their activity on interleukin-8 (IL-8) production by human monocytic cell line THP-1. The crude extract partly inhibited the IL-8 spontaneous production after 48-h treatment of the cells, while the polysaccharide was found to be a potent inducer of IL-8 production.     

株洲市几种常用绿化植物滞尘能力初探

对株洲市16个常用绿化植物滞尘能力进行测定,结果表明:阔叶乔木树种单位面积滞尘量为广玉兰>棕榈>大叶樟>香樟>杜英>栾树>枫香>悬柃木;阔叶灌木树种单位面积滞尘量为春鹃>红花檵木>红叶李>山茶花>珊瑚树>小叶女贞>十大功劳>桂花。     

长柱十大功劳繁殖技术研究

对长柱十大功劳进行了种子储藏播种和不同种类生长激素、不同浓度和浸泡时间的扦插试验,结果表明:种子储藏与否对发芽率无明显影响.扦插繁殖的成活率受生长激素的种类、浓度和浸泡时间的影响,以2 000 mg/kg浓度的IAA浸泡30 min、1 000 mg/kg浓度的IBA浸泡30 min以及1 000 mg/kg浓度的NAA浸泡60 min的处理效果最佳,应在实践中予以推广应用.     

Antioxidant activity of medicinal plant polysaccharides

Eleven polysaccharides have been isolated from the leaves of Arctium lappa var. herkules, Aloe barbadensis, Althaea officinalis var. robusta, Plantago lanceolata var. libor, aerial parts and roots of Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii, stems of Mahonia aquifolium, and peach-tree (Prunus persica) gum exudates. The polysaccharides were investigated for their ability to inhibit peroxidation of soyabean lecithin liposomes by OH radicals. The highest inhibition was found with glucuronoxylans of A. officinalis var. robusta and P. lanceolata var. libor, aerial parts. Their antioxidant activity accounted for approximately 69% of the activity of the reference compound alpha-tocopherol. The activity of eight polysaccharides ranged from 20 to 45%, while the fructofuranan from P. lanceolata var. libor roots was practically inactive.     

岳阳市主要绿化树种滞尘效应研究

Effects on dust blocking capacity of 25 common afforestation tree species were measured, and it was found that the amount of blocked dust is closely related to leaf size, tree species and site conditions where measurements were taken. Results indicated that:the rank of dust blocking capacity of unit leaf area for the broad-leaved tree species are in descent order of Magnolia grandiflora, Ligustrum lucidum, Trachycarpus excelsus, Liriodendron chinensis, Cinnamomum longepaniculatum, Cinnamomum camphora, Koelreuteria paniculata, Platanus acerifolia and Liquidambar formosana. The rank for the broad-leaved shrubs are in descent order of Photinia serrulata, red-leaf Plum, Viburnum odoratissimum, Camellia japonica, Mahonia fortunei, Ligustrum quihoui, Kalmia and Nerium. The rank of dust blocking capacity of unit leaf weight for the conifer species are in descent order of Cedrus deodara, Platycladus orientalis cv. Sieboldii, Sabina chinensis, Podocarpus macrophyllus and Pinus elliottii.       

茂兰喀斯特森林的林隙物种组成动态及更新模式

分析茂兰喀斯特森林林隙物种组成和种间关系随林隙发育的动态变化,并对林隙主要树种的更新模式进行探讨.结果表明:在发育时间为10、20、30和40年的序列上,林隙中乔木层优势度最大的物种分别是小叶柿、黄连木、掌叶木和云贵鹅耳枥;灌木层优势种包括贵州悬竹、革叶铁榄、湖北十大功劳和长梗核果木;草本层优势种包括石韦、瓦韦、翠云草和庐山楼梯草;藤本优势种包括鞘柄菝葜、四川清风藤、藤黄檀和圆锥清风藤.非林隙林分的优势种不明显.在林隙发育过程中乔木层、灌木层、草本层和藤本的平均相似系数分别为0.31、0.42、0.27和0.32,说明在林隙发育过程中,灌木种类具有较高的连续性和稳定性;草本植物则随着林隙环境条件的改变而出现较大的波动性,藤本植物和乔木的稳定性和连续性介于灌木和草本植物之间.依据树木幼苗、幼树和林冠层数量的差异,可将林隙树种的更新模式分为4种类型.     

胆木叶提取物的抗氧化活性研究

以胆木叶为原料,通过不同极性溶剂依次萃取50%醇提取物,分别得到石油醚萃取物(PEE)、氯仿萃取物(CE)、乙酸乙酯萃取物(EAE)、正丁醇萃取物(BE)和水萃取物(WE),它们的收率依次为0.62%、3.90%、0.68%、1.78%和6.06%.采用过氧化氢体系、超氧阴离子(O-2·)体系、羟基自由基体系(·OH)和Oyaizu法,以Vc为阳性对照,进行5个不同萃取部分抗氧化活性的测定和比较.结果表明,5种萃取部分均具有一定的抗氧化活性,随着浓度的增加而提高;且在不同的自由基产生体系中,其抗氧化活性强弱不尽相同.在过氧化氢体系中,对H2O2的清除能力强弱顺序依次为Vc>BE>CE>EAE>PEE>WE;在超氧阴离子体系中,对O-2·抗氧化活性强弱顺序依次为Vc>EAE>BE>PEE>WE>CE,在羟基自由基体系中,对·OH抗氧化活性强弱顺序依次为Vc>BE>CE>EAE>PEE>WE;而其还原能力强弱顺序依次为 BE>EAE>WE>CE>PEE.     

卷叶黄精根不同极性化感物质的化感作用

化感作用是植物通过淋溶、挥发、残茬降解和根系分泌向环境中释放化学物质,从而对自身或周围其他植物的生长产生影响的现象(孔垂华等,2001;董卓杭等,2001;翟明普等,1993;林文雄等,2001;马茂华等,1999;彭少麟等,2001).化感作用普遍存在于自然界,对其深入研究将有利于复合系统中植物配置、耕作制度和栽培措施的科学化,在植物间加强促进作用,降低抑制作用,促进生物多样性和农业可持续发展.     

魔芋飞粉乙醇提取物对木材霉菌的抑制作用初探

采用生长速率法及显微观察探究不同浓度魔芋飞粉乙醇提取物及其不同有机萃取物对黑曲霉的抑菌效果。结果表明:15%和20%浓度的魔芋飞粉乙醇提取物及浓度为4%的魔芋飞粉乙醇提取物的三氯甲烷萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物和正丁醇萃取物对黑曲霉菌落生长有一定的抑制作用;提取物主要是通过抑制黑曲霉孢子的萌发和扩散,抑制菌丝的生长以及改变菌丝细胞壁的通透性达到对黑曲霉的抑菌效果。该研究可为开发利用魔芋飞粉制备天然木材防霉剂提供理论参考。     

Pesticidal Activity of the Leaf and Bark Extracts of Giliricidia sepium on Callosobrucus maculatus

Abstract

The effects of different concentrations of cold and hot aqueous extracts of G. sepium on C. maculatus, the storage pest of cow-pea were examined. The extracts had a killing effect on the weevils. The percentage mortality of the weevils increased with the increase in the extract concentrations. Statistical analyses at 5% level revealed that significant differences abound in the efficacies of the cold and hot aqueous extracts. The hot aqueous leaf and bark extracts tend to have more toxic effect than the cold aqueous extracts. Also, extracts from the bark tend to be more toxic to the weevils than those of the leaves.     

木麻黄乙醚浸提液的分离及鉴定

采用GC—MS技术,比较木麻黄凋落物、根和根际土壤3种浸提液的成分差异和含量差异的结果表明：3种浸提液（凋落物、根系和根际土壤乙醚浸提液）中的有机化舍物化学成分有明显差别,凋落物和根际土壤的乙醚浸提液中特有成分分别为维生素E和苯酚;3种浸提液中都含有的成分是羽扇烯酮和羽扇豆醇;羽扇烯酮在浸提液中含量由高到低依次为：凋落物（7．39％）,根际土壤（2．65％）,根（2．28％）;羽扇豆醇在浸提液中含量由高到低依次为：凋落物（3．22％）,根际土壤（2．65％）,根（2．0％）。     

不同类型油茶穗条提取液中生根抑制物的研究

为给油茶无性繁殖提供理论依据,以油茶新品种‘秋霞’为试验材料,对不同月份(4月、6月)采集的不同类型穗条(8年生嫁接大树、3年生组培苗、3年生家系苗、3年生扦插苗)提取液的酸度与酚类物质的含量进行了检测与分析;并以白菜种子为试材,就不同类型穗条提取液对其发芽的生物效应进行了鉴定试验。测定结果表明:不同月份采集的不同类型穗条提取液的酸度和酚类物质含量均不同。鉴定试验结果表明:白菜种子在不同月份采集的不同类型穗条提取液原液中的发芽率不存在显著差异,但白菜种子在嫁接大树穗条提取液中的发芽率最低,而在家系苗穗条提取液中的发芽率最高。研究结果表明:不同类型穗条提取液中均存在生根抑制物质,且均存在酸类和酚类物质;嫁接大树穗条中生根抑制物质的含量较高,而家系苗穗条中生根抑制物质的含量较低。     

Leishmanicidal activity of Maytenus illicifolia roots

In vitro evaluation of leishmanicidal activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Maytenus illicifolia against three species of Leishmania. The root extracts showed differential activity against parasites, whereas the aerial part of the extracts was inactive.     

核桃楸叶乙醇提取物的抑菌活性及活性成分分析

采用常规提取法浸提核桃楸叶的抑菌活性成分。研究结果表明,核桃楸叶乙醇提取物及其乙酸乙酯萃取相对杨树叶枯病菌和樟子松枯梢病菌有抑菌活性,核桃楸叶乙醇提取物及其乙酸乙酯萃取相对杨树叶枯病菌的最低抑菌质量浓度(MIC)为3.12 g/L,对樟子松枯梢病菌的MIC为6.25 g/L。采用GC-MS分析了核桃楸叶乙醇提取物中乙酸乙酯萃取相经柱层析后集分I和集分II的化学组成和相对含量。分析结果表明,乙酸乙酯萃取相中主要活性成分为相对含量较高的5-羟基-1,4-萘醌(胡桃醌)、D-阿洛糖、5,8-二羟基-1,4-萘醌、1,5-萘二酚、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、7-甲氧基-1-四氢萘酮、1-萘酚、8-羟基-2-甲氧基-1,4-萘醌和4-甲基-2,6-二羟基喹啉等。     

Cytotoxic activity of some Asarum plants

The cytotoxic activity against some tumor cell lines of 16 commonly used species of Asarum was evaluated in this study. All of these plants were widely used in Asian countries as traditional medicines or folk medicines. Their inhibitory activities against four tumor cell lines (HL-60, BGC-823, KB and Bel-7402) were compared. It was observed that 10 of the tested extracts (eight ethanol extracts and two water extracts) among 32 extracts of these plants showed cytotoxic activity. Those 95% ethanol extractions from A. caudigerellum, A. forbesii, A. inflatum and A. maximum exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity, and 95% ethanol extracts or water extracts of A. sieboldii var. seoulense, A. himalaicum, A. splendens and A. crispulatum showed selective activity against one or two cells among the tested tumor cells. This is the first report of Asarum plants possessing cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines.     

Evaluation of cytotoxic activities of some medicinal polypore fungi from China

The petrol ether, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of eight medicinal polypore fungi from China were evaluated for cytotoxic activities using MTT-dye assay. All the petrol ether and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited cytotoxicity against human cervix epitheloid carcinoma cell lines (Hela) and human hepatoma cell lines (SMMC-7721). Cytotoxicity activity was also observed in the methanol extracts of Phellinus conchatus and Pycnoporus sanquineus, but the methanol extracts from Cryptoporus volvatus, Fomitopsis pinicola, Fomes hornodermus, Lenzites betulina, Trametes gibbosa and Trametes orientalis showed weak activity when compared with quercetin.