外源硼酸钠对桂花幼苗抗寒性的影响

采用人工气候室模拟低温环境,研究不同浓度的外源硼酸钠对桂花幼苗抗寒性的影响。结果显示:在4℃低温胁迫下,随时间的延长,外源硼酸钠处理桂花叶片MDA含量和可溶性蛋白含量逐渐升高,游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量以及SOD、CAT酶活性变化趋势为先上升后下降,POD活性持续上升;外喷0.5%~1%浓度的硼酸钠可显著减少桂花叶片MDA含量,增加游离脯氨酸,促进可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖的积累,提高SOD、POD、CAT抗氧化酶活性;0.5%浓度的硼酸钠可促进植株纵向生长,1%~2%浓度的硼酸钠对低温胁迫下桂花幼苗纵向生长产生一定的抑制作用,且浓度越高抑制性越强。低温胁迫对桂花幼苗产生一定程度的伤害,适当浓度外源硼酸钠处理可以有效缓解低温胁迫对桂花叶片的伤害,提高桂花幼苗的抗寒性。     

脱落酸对低温胁迫下水曲柳幼苗叶片抗寒生理指标的影响

以3a生盆栽水曲柳幼苗为试材,喷施不同浓度的脱落酸,喷后第1d、5d、10d和15d分别采集带叶枝条测定常温和低温胁迫后幼苗叶片质膜相对透性、SOD、POD、可溶性糖含量、水溶性蛋白质含量的变化。进行自然条件下季节性低温处理试验,以验证人工低温试验中所得结论。研究结果表明：10mg／L浓度的ABA增强水曲柳幼苗抗寒性的作用效果最好,能显著降低电导率,显著提高蛋白质含量、SOD活性、POD活性。但对可溶性糖含量的影响无明显变化。30mg／L浓度的ABA预处理有一定的作用效果,但高浓度的60mg／LABA预处理对于增强水曲柳幼苗抗寒性出现了一定的抑制作用。在自然低温条件下,10mg／L浓度的ABA预处理增强水曲柳幼苗抗寒性的作用效果最好,高浓度的无显著作用。     

施用赤霉素对牛大力生物量和可溶性糖含量的影响初探

为揭示外源激素对植物幼苗生长发育的调控作用,实验采用不同浓度的赤霉素施用于南药牛大力植物,测定了其株高、叶片厚度,块根生物量、可溶性糖含量等生长指标。研究结果表明:不同浓度赤霉素均对牛大力幼苗的生长具有一定的促进作用。在赤霉素浓度为0～100 mg/L的范围内,随着赤霉素浓度的增加,牛大力株高、叶片厚度、块根生物量、可溶性糖含量均呈现先增加后减少的趋势。其中,浓度50 mg/L的赤霉素促进牛大力生长最明显,其株高、叶片厚度、块根生物量和可溶性糖含量的积累分别为69.5 cm、0.22 cm、16.27 g、22.09 mg/g。在牛大力栽培生产上,选用50 mg/L赤霉素处理浓度效果最理想。     

氮磷胁迫下云南松与旱冬瓜混栽幼苗的光合生理指标反应及变化

以盆栽试验为基础,按不同的比例混交栽植云南松与旱冬瓜,用氮、磷浓度不同的平衡营养液对幼苗进行处理并测定分析其叶片的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量的变化。结果表明:对于旱冬瓜而言,与云南松幼苗混栽时,磷缺乏会降低幼苗叶绿素的含量,而缺氮则影响较小,并且混栽一定比例的云南松对其幼苗叶绿素含量影响不大;对云南松而言,混栽旱冬瓜则影响明显。苗期营养供应全面时,混栽云南松对旱冬瓜幼苗可溶性蛋白含量影响不大,而当氮磷缺乏或胁迫时将导致其可溶性蛋白含量增加;氮磷缺乏或胁迫和混栽旱冬瓜对云南松幼苗可溶性蛋白含量均具有明显的影响,同时二者还具有明显的交互影响。混栽云南松和氮磷缺乏对旱冬瓜苗期的可溶性糖的积累和运转影响不大;氮磷胁迫和混栽旱冬瓜对云南松幼苗叶片可溶性糖含量均影响较小,但二者的交互影响明显。     

土壤铅胁迫对核桃幼苗生长的影响

采用盆栽实验，设置不同铅污染浓度的土壤作为培养基质（100、500、1000、1500、2000mg?kg －1），研究了铅胁迫对核桃1年生幼苗生长过程中叶片叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量等生理指标及株高、地径等生长指标的影响。结果表明：随着Pb2＋浓度的升高，核桃幼苗叶片中可溶性糖含量呈下降趋势；较低浓度的Pb2＋总体上有助于核桃幼苗叶绿素含量、株高、地径的增长，而过高浓度的Pb2＋胁迫，直接抑制核桃幼苗的生长。     

银杏外种皮汁液浸种对小麦萌发和幼苗生长的影响

研究了不同浓度银杏外种皮汁液浸种对小麦萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:低浓度浸种液可提高小麦种子的萌发率、发芽势和发芽率;促进幼苗苗高、地上和地下部分生长,其中作用最明显的为100和200倍液。在萌发期,低浓度浸种液促进贮藏物质淀粉的水解,可溶性糖和蛋白质含量提高,而高浓度的处理则抑制淀粉的水解;在幼苗期,低浓度浸种的幼苗叶片叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量较高;而高浓度浸种小麦幼苗的叶绿素和可溶性糖含量与之相反。     

外源ABA对短期H_2O_2胁迫下侧柏幼苗活性氧代谢及相关基因的影响

[目的]研究外源ABA处理对H_2O_2胁迫下侧柏幼苗活性氧代谢系统的影响,探讨ABA调控侧柏氧化胁迫的可能作用机制。[方法]以侧柏幼苗为试验材料,采用水培方式,研究外施低浓度(0.5μmol·L~(-1))和高浓度(200μmol·L~(-1))ABA对100 mmol·L~(-1)H_2O_2胁迫下侧柏幼苗活性氧代谢的影响。[结果](1)100 mmol·L~(-1)H_2O_2胁迫48 h显著增加了侧柏幼苗叶片过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和脯氨酸含量、抗氧化物酶(SOD和CAT)活性,而可溶性蛋白含量降低。(2)相较于高浓度200μmol·L~(-1)ABA,施加0.5μmol·L~(-1)ABA显著减少了H_2O_2胁迫下侧柏幼苗H_2O_2和MDA的积累,进一步提高了侧柏幼苗叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性,同时促进GSH、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白的合成。(3)100 mmol·L~(-1)H_2O_2胁迫处理48 h,侧柏幼苗叶片活性氧代谢相关基因Cu/Zn-SOD、CAT、GR、APX、MDAR和GST表达水平较对照CK均有显著性提高;正常和H_2O_2胁迫下侧柏幼苗外施0.5μmol·L~(-1)ABA相较于200μmol·L~(-1)更有利于提高侧柏叶片活性氧代谢相关基因Cu/Zn-SOD、CAT、GR、APX、MDAR和GST的表达量。[结论]低浓度0.5μmol·L~(-1)ABA有效地增强抗氧化系统的防御能力,减弱幼苗的氧化胁迫和膜脂过氧化水平,从而降低活性氧对侧柏的伤害。     

NaCl处理对毛叶山桐子幼苗生长与生理特性的影响

以毛叶山桐子(Idesia polycarpavar.vestita)1年生盆栽苗为对象,研究不同NaCl浓度胁迫对其生长与生理特性的影响。结果表明:毛叶山桐子在NaCl浓度<0.25%处理下,幼苗的形态特征、株高和地径变化趋势与无NaCl处理对照植株一致,生长影响不大;在NaCl浓度≥0.25%处理下,9d后大部分幼苗叶片萎蔫凋落,18d后大部分植株死亡。叶片中叶绿素a、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、抗坏血酸(HASA)、蔗糖含量与对照差异显著(P<0.05),叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性总糖变化与对照差异不显著,NaCl浓度的变化与光合色素和蔗糖含量的变化具有显著负相关。毛叶山桐子幼苗耐盐临界浓度在0.1%左右。     

配方施肥对圆齿野鸦椿幼苗形态和叶片生理指标的影响

为研究氮磷钾配方施肥对圆齿野鸦椿幼苗形态和叶片生理指标的影响,以1年生圆齿野鸦椿盆栽苗为研究对象,采用正交设计L9(33)研究N、P、K不同配比施肥对幼苗生长和叶片可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖及叶绿素含量等生理指标的影响.结果表明:配方施肥可以改善苗木的生长特性,优化苗木的生理指标.其中,处理5的苗高、地径增长量和可溶性糖积累量最高,分别为72.67％、130.44％、6.94％,处理3的叶绿素含量最高,为37.17 mg·g-1,处理1的生物量和可溶性蛋白累积量最高分别达到7.52 g和45.02 mg·g-1.分析可知N、P、K配比保持在中低浓度对生理指标改良促进效果较好,有利于提高圆齿野鸦椿幼苗的各方面质量.     

氮磷钾肥对紫穗槐幼苗叶片色素和可溶性糖含量的影响

为了了解施肥对紫穗槐幼苗叶片光合生理特性影响,并筛选出单独施肥对其影响的最佳浓度,为紫穗槐人工培育提供理论支撑及技术指导。试验采用了氮、磷、钾3因素3水平单独施肥,研究不同施肥处理对紫穗槐幼苗光合色素以及可溶性糖的影响,并对其进行测量、分析和比较。结果表明：所有施肥处理均增加了紫穗槐幼苗叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、花青素和可溶性糖的含量,其中施K2,钾的含量为0.75 g/株,紫穗槐叶片的叶绿素a最高;施P2,磷的含量为0.10 g/株,紫穗槐叶片的叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、花青素最高;施N3,氮的含量为0.93 g/株,紫穗槐幼苗的可溶性糖含量最高。     

多效唑对核桃生长发育的影响及其生理基础*

对８年生晚实嫁接核桃树，于春季新梢长１５ｃｍ左右时进行多效唑叶面喷施处理，试验结果表明，１０００－２０００ｐｐｍ浓度的多效唑可显著抑制核桃树营养生长，以２００ｐｐｍ处理树于８月２７日调查结果为例，新梢长度，节间长度、新梢粗度、干径和叶面积分别分别比对照低６１．５、２１．４、２９．１、２８．２和５９．９％。单株坚果数和产量分别比对照增加５７．９和６４．９％。多效唑对核桃的生理效应包括；降低ＧＡ３、Ｉ     

外源脱落酸对干旱胁迫下美国红枫抗旱性的影响

以当年生盆栽美国红枫扦插苗为试验材料,采用不同浓度的脱落酸(ABA)溶液喷施美国红枫扦插苗,测定干旱胁迫下植株的相对电导率、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)及可溶性糖含量等各项生理指标,研究外源喷施ABA对美国红枫抗旱性的影响。结果表明,在干旱条件下,外源喷施ABA可以缓解其伤害程度,促进美国红枫叶片中脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量的增加,抑制MDA的积累,延缓叶片相对电导率上升,其中以10 mg/L浓度ABA处理效果最明显。因此,干旱胁迫下,喷施一定浓度的脱落酸可有效提高美国红枫的抗旱能力,维持其正常生理代谢。     

铅(Pb2+)和镉(Cd2+)对火炬树种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

【目的】研究不同浓度重金属铅(Pb^2+)和镉(Cd^2+)对火炬树Rhus typhina种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,探索火炬树对重金属铅、镉胁迫的耐受程度及机理。【方法】采用培养皿滤纸发芽法,分别用不同浓度Pb^2+(300、600、900、1200、1500 mmol/L)、Cd^2+(140、280、420、560、700 mmol/L)溶液处理火炬树种子,测定种子发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗胚根长和茎长、硫代巴比妥酸(TBARS)含量、可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及过氧化物酶(POD)活性。【结果】与对照相比,不同浓度Pb^2+、Cd^2+均对火炬树种子的发芽率、发芽指数和幼苗生长有抑制作用,但低浓度Pb^2+可促进根长和芽长的伸长。随着Pb^2+和Cd^2+溶液浓度的增加,幼苗叶片中SOD活性和可溶性蛋白含量表现为先增加后降低,POD活性和TBARS含量均逐渐升高。其中,Cd^2+浓度为700 mmol/L时,发芽率、发芽指数、芽长和SOD活性达到最低值,而TBARS含量最高;Pb^2+浓度为1500 mmol/L时,根长达到最低值,POD活性达到最高值;Pb^2+浓度为600 mmol/L时,可溶性蛋白含量最高。【结论】Pb^2+浓度为300 mmol/L时会抑制火炬树种子萌发,但会促进幼苗生长,其余浓度Pb^2+、Cd^2+胁迫下,火炬树种子与幼苗受到一定影响,但是均较好完成了萌发与幼苗生长,并表现出多种积极的适应性特征,未出现无根苗现象,火炬树较其他木本植物对铅、镉2种重金属表现出更强的耐性。本试验结果可为今后选用火炬树作为重金属污染土壤的植物修复材料提供理论参考。     

Effect of electrostatic field on seed germination and seedling growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sorbus pohuashanesis</Emphasis>

A study was conducted to determine the effects of electrostatic field (ESF) treatment on seed germination and seedling growth of Sorbus pohuashanesis. The experiments were arranged by uniform design computed by the Data Processing System (DPS), including three levels of seeds soaking time, four levels of ESF intensity and four levels of ESF treatment time, with 12 treatments. Ten seeds were used in each treatment with three replicates. Seed vigor, seed germinating ability, emergence rate of seedling, survival rate of seedling, and seedling height and diameter, as well as the change in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), soluble protein contents, total chlorophyll contents, soluble total sugar contents in leaves of S. pohuashanensis seedlings were measured after ESF treatments. The experiment results show that ESF treatment could improve the water absorption ability of dry seeds of S. pohuashanensis, resulting in fast germination at room temperature under light conditions. Combined treatment of ESF with cold stratification could increase seed germination percentage significantly (to 42.20%), promote seedling height growth, affect leaf SOD activity, and could raise contents of total chlorophyll, soluble protein, and total soluble sugar in leaves. Seed soaking time had a significant effect on seed relative electroconductivity, seed germination under light, SOD activity, soluble protein content and total soluble sugar content of seedling leaves. ESF intensity exerted a moderate effect on these indexes. ESF treatment time only had significant effect on total chlorophyll contents, no evident effect on other indexes.     

Effects of IBA on the rooting of branch cuttings of Chinese jujube (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Zizyphus jujuba</Emphasis> Mill.) and changes to nutrients and endogenous hormones

‘Zhongqiusucui’ jujube secondary shoots were treated with 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA) at three concentrations, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/L. Results show that IBA could significantly enhance rooting and root characteristics of cuttings and were best with IBA at 1500 mg/L. In the rooting process, the formation of adventitious roots was related to the consumption and accumulation of nutrients (soluble sugars and proteins) and the changes in endogenous hormones in phloem, leaf tips and leaf bases. The rooting of cuttings had a positive correlation with the consumption of soluble sugars during the period of callus formation and with the accumulation of soluble sugars during adventitious root formation and growth. Rooting was positively related to the breakdown of soluble proteins in the phloem when the callus formed, and had a positive correlation with its accumulation during adventitious root formation and growth. Leaf tips and leaf bases showed a reverse trend in changes of soluble protein. However, together with the phloem, leaf tips and leaf bases regulated and controlled the formation and development of adventitious roots. The main activities of soluble proteins exist in the leaf tips as this was the main source of soluble proteins. The relation between rooting and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) content in phloem was positive and thus a high concentration of IAA could benefit the induction and formation of adventitious roots. However, rooting was negatively related with ABA (abscisic acid) and GA (gibberellic acid) and a high concentration of both could inhibit the induction and formation of adventitious roots. Rooting had a positive correlation with phloem IAA/ABA ratios, and higher ratios could improve rooting. Low concentrations of ZR (zeatin riboside) triggered the induction of adventitious roots, while higher concentrations promoted root growth. Endogenous hormones in leaf tips and bases had an impact on rooting. The activities of endogenous hormones mainly existed in leaf tips because they play a major role in the production and consumption of IAA and its ABA content increased during rooting. The ZR in leaf tips influenced the rooting of cuttings, especially in the callus formation and rooting stage. Leaf tips were the main source of GA.     

Differential responses of silver birch (Betula pendula) ecotypes to short-day photoperiod and low temperature

We investigated interrelations of dormancy and freezing tolerance and the role of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) in the development of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) ecotypes in controlled environments. Short-day treatment induced growth cessation, bud set and dormancy development, as well as initiation of cold acclimation and an increase in freezing tolerance. Subsequent low temperature and short days (12-h photoperiod) resulted in a significant increase in freezing tolerance, whereas bud dormancy was gradually released. The concentration of ABA increased in response to short days and then remained high, but ABA concentrations fluctuated irregularly when the dormant plants were subsequently exposed to low temperature during short days. Although there was a parallel development of freezing tolerance and bud dormancy in response to short days, subsequent exposure to low temperature had opposite effects on these processes, enhancing freezing tolerance and releasing dormancy. Compared with the southern ecotype, the northern ecotype was more responsive to short days and low temperature, exhibiting earlier initiation of cold acclimation, growth cessation and an increase in ABA concentrations in short days, and higher freezing tolerance, faster dormancy release and greater alteration in ABA concentrations when subsequently exposed to low temperature during short days. The rates and extent of the increases in ABA concentration may be related to increases in freezing tolerance and dormancy development during short days, whereas the extent of the fluctuations in ABA concentration may play an important role in enhancing freezing tolerance and releasing dormancy during a subsequent exposure to low temperature during short days.     

竹酢液对杉木苗木生长的影响

以1年生Ⅰ级杉木裸根苗为研究对象,通过盆栽试验,比较喷施及土壤施入两种施用方法及7个不同浓度处理下,竹酢液对苗高、地径以及枝叶生物量、根系生物量和主干生物量影响,同时对不同处理下苗木净光合速率的变化特征进行了比较分析。结果表明：竹酢液合理使用可以明显促进苗高和地径的生长、提高枝叶生物量和根系生物量;竹酢液可以提高苗木的净光合速率,改善光合作用;P300和P800两种浓度和施入方法促进杉木苗木生长的作用最明显。     

飞机草水提液对任豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以任豆为受体植物,研究了飞机草根、茎和叶的水提液对任豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应。结果表明,不同浓度水提液对任豆的化感作用强度不同,在100%高浓度下才能明显延缓任豆种子发芽速率和显著抑制幼苗根的生长;在不同部位水提液中,叶水提液的化感作用最强,且表现出低促高抑的现象;而各部位、各浓度的飞机草水提液对任豆的发芽率、苗高和干重等重要指标均无显著抑制作用,表明任豆对飞机草的化感作用具有较强抵抗力。     

巨桉根浸提液对三种牧草的化感作用初步探讨

为了解巨桉内含物对牧草的化感作用,试验选用浓度为1∶10、1∶50、1∶100的巨桉根浸提液(母液浓度为1∶10,w/v),以蒸馏水为对照,按照培养皿水培和盆栽土培的生物检测方法,探讨巨桉根系对黑麦草、紫花苜蓿、高羊茅3种牧草的化感作用。结果表明:在水培试验中,对黑麦草表现为高浓度抑制其根和苗生长,低浓度促进其根和苗生长;对紫花苜蓿根和苗生长均表现为促进作用。在盆栽试验中,对黑麦草和高羊茅表现为抑制其根长和促进其茎高生长,随着浓度的增加,对根的抑制作用逐渐增强;对紫花苜蓿根和地上部分干重表现为促进作用,随浓度的增加,促进作用减弱。