富硒蛹虫草栽培技术

简要介绍蛹虫草的富硒机理、优良蛹虫草菌株特征、栽培技术,以期为富硒蛹虫草的栽培提供参考。     

蛹虫草的代料栽培试验

通过对以小米，玉米渣代替大米进行蛹虫草栽培试验，同时进行大米加猪血培养基配方的改良试验，结果证明，小米，玉米渣完全可以代替大米栽培蛹虫草；大米加猪血培养基的改良更适宜蛹虫草菌丝的生长，使其产量有所提高。     

不同接种物对蛹虫草子实体营养成分的影响

以蛹虫草菌株母种的表层菌皮、母种基内菌丝和成熟的待分离的新鲜子实体顶端接种到液体培养基进行液体培养,分析比较栽培所获得不同蛹虫草子实体的有效成分得出:以母种表层菌皮接种液体培养所获得的子实体虫草素和硒元素含量最高;以母种培养基的基内菌丝接种培养栽培所获得子实体的虫草酸、腺苷、虫草多糖、SOD酶、蛋氨酸、酪氨酸含量较高。     

蛹虫草富硒栽培特性的研究

以蛹虫草为富硒载体，采用石墨炉原子吸收分析方法，通过大量的栽培实验，对其富硒、耐硒及其生长特性进行了比较研究。结果表明：虫草对硒的富集能力在f倍左右，且不受培养基浓度的影响，培养基中硒浓度与虫草样品中的硒浓度呈正相关性，其富集倍数基本不变；培养基中硒浓度小于5mg/L时适宜子实体生长，且在0．5mg／L时，对虫草的生长有一定的促进作用，生物积累量较高；其富硒作用集中在生长前期；当硒浓度在10．0-20．0mg/L时，对虫草的生长产生抑制作用；高于30mg/L时，不适于富硒虫草的培养。     

蛹虫草不同栽培菌株产虫草素及腺苷差异性研究

目的：测定不同栽培菌株蛹虫草子实体中虫草素和腺苷的含量,为人工蛹虫草的质量评价提供依据。方法：采用高效液相色谱法测定11个栽培菌株人工蛹虫草样品中虫草素和腺苷的含量。结果：所测定的不同栽培菌株人工蛹虫草的腺苷含量为0.1%-0.17%,虫草素含量为0.06%-0.39%,表明蛹虫草不同栽培菌株的虫草素含量变化较大,腺苷含量则相对稳定。     

我国蛹虫草人工栽培培养基的现状调查

调查了国内7个较大型栽培蛹虫草的产业化基地,深入直观地调查了蛹虫草常用培养基的种类、配方成分、制作技术、生产性能等方面的内容,并重点收集了不同产业化栽培培养基上蛹虫草子实体生长特征,以期在保证蛹虫草品质的前提下,得到最优的产业化栽培蛹虫草的培养基,为进一步扩大蛹虫草产业化栽培奠定基础。     

高寒地区蛹虫草大米培养基的优化

以引进西藏的6株蛹虫草为试材,对比研究了其菌丝生长速率、出草产出及长势,筛选优良的蛹虫草菌株,并通过正交实验筛选对蛹虫草大米培养基营养成分的最优水平组合。结果表明:蛹虫草"TAAAS1"的菌丝生长速率虽不是最快的,但出草整齐均匀,出草产出高于其它菌株,表明"TAAAS1"菌株是适宜在高寒地区栽培生产的好品种;蛹虫草大米培养基的最优水平组合为蛹粉4g/L,葡萄糖20g/L,硫酸镁2g/L,磷酸二氢钾1.5g/L。     

工厂化栽培北虫草培养基的优化

通过单因素试验和正交试验对北虫草栽培中最常用的两种培养基主料、蛹粉含量和营养液添加量进行了对比试验。根据出草时间、北虫草产量、质量以及生长周期各项指标对不同培养基配方进行了比较。得出以下结论：最适宜工厂化栽培北虫草的培养基为：每盘300g麦粒培养基,蛹粉15％和料液比为1：1．7。营养液配方：葡萄糖2％,磷酸二氢钾0．1％,硫酸镁0．05％,用自来水配制。     

应用干蚕蛹栽培蛹虫草

蛹虫草Cordyeps militaris（L．ex Fr．）Link的人工栽培，按其培养基一般分为米饭和蚕蛹两种栽培方式。蚕蛹栽培中又有活蛹、毛脚蛹和干蛹之分。基于干蛹来源丰富、耐贮藏、运输方便，栽培也易于成功。同时，蚕蛹又是一味中药，接种虫草菌经培养后，所含虫草素比米饭等培养基高，因此它是栽培蛹虫草的理想原料。现将桑蚕（Bombyr mori Linaeus）干蛹的栽培技术作简要介绍如下。     

不同培养基配方对野生蛹虫草菌丝生长的影响

将采自长春净月潭的野生蛹虫草进行分离,分离后的蛹虫草菌株进行驯化研究。主要研究了不同培养基配方对蛹虫草菌丝体生长情况的影响,结果表明在培养基配方1上菌丝生长较好。     

不同培养基及添加物对金线莲生长量的影响

以金线莲为材料,研究在不同培养基中添加不同量的香蕉和马铃薯对金线莲生长量的影响。结果表明:100%MS大量+3%蔗糖培养基是最利于金线莲生长量积累的培养基。在相同培养基中,添加香蕉比添加马铃薯更有利于金线莲生长量的积累。金线莲生长量积累的最佳培养基是:100%MS大量+3%蔗糖+20.0%香蕉。     

Agaricus macrosporus: An edible fungus with commercial potential

An investigation into the growth and nutrition of Agaricus macrosporus (Møll and Schäff) Pilát was performed to provide comparisons for studies with Agaricus bisporus (cultivated mushroom) and also as part of a programme to evaluate alternative Agaricus species for commercial use.A. macrosporus was grown on standard media; most rapid mycelial growth occurred at 24–27°C (maximum temperature for strong growth 30°C) on malt extract agar, although linear growth rates were lower than those of A. bisporus and A. bitorquis grown under similar conditions, and fruit-body primordia were rarely formed. Most rapid growth on agar occurred at pH 5–8, but little biomass was formed in shallow, pH-controlled liquid culture.A. macrosporus grew poorly on most individual carbon sources, with the exception of hexose monosaccharides. A. macrosporus grew well on complex nitrogen sources and amino acids, but ammonium nitrate was the only nitrate source to support any more than minimal growth. Rapid mycelial growth occurred in basal media containing 0.1–1 g l^?1 N (as arginine), corresponding to a C:N ratio in the media of between 5 and 35:1. A. macrosporus grew slowly, but fruited using the methods of commercial mushroom culture.     

不同培养基对松口蘑菌丝生长的影响

以PDA为基础,分别加入松口蘑土、松枝、松针、糙皮侧耳菌丝和Fu浸汁,制备成琼脂培养基,对照PDA和浜田氏培养基培养松口蘑纯菌丝。结果表明糙皮侧耳菌丝麦Fu汁培养基的效果明显优于包括浜田氏培养基在内的其它配方,松口蘑土培养基也有良好表现。松口菌丝在不同培养基上形成的菌落特征也不尽相同。进一步的试验结果表明,在采用几种不同真菌菌丝为原料制成的菌丝麦Fu汁培养基上,松口蘑菌经线生长速度的差异并不明显。     

不同培养基对紫陀螺菌菌丝生长的影响

试验研究了不同培养基对紫陀螺菌菌丝生长的影响。结果表明，14种供试培养基中，紫陀螺菌菌丝除在添加共生树根（青冈栎）成分的培养基中基本不生长外，在其余12种培养基中均能不同程度的生长。不同配方培养基上紫陀螺菌菌落形态和生长势不完全相同，菌丝生长速度均明显慢于一般腐生性菌类。     

糙皮侧耳在玉米秸秆中的生长发育规律

利用玉米秸秆生产糙皮侧耳,菌丝生长规律符合逻辑斯第曲线,子实体生长规律符合指数增长曲线,菌丝生长速度优于棉籽壳培养料,子实体生长的高峰期比棉籽壳培养料滞后,出菇期比棉籽壳培养料长。将玉米秸秆和棉籽壳按1:1混合袋栽糙皮侧耳,生物学效率达145％。     

硫磺菌的固体和液体培养研究

从野外采集、分离纯化得到硫磺菌(Laetiporus sulphureus)菌株,并进行硫磺菌的固体和液体培养试验。试验表明,硫磺菌在复合PDA培养基上生长良好,菌丝生长速度为3.2mm/d;在代料栽培中以麦粒或栎木屑培养基培养硫磺菌菌种时菌丝生长速度快,菌丝浓密;从8种液体培养基配方中筛选出菌丝体产量较高的配方,配方为:葡萄糖30g,豆粉20g,玉米粉10g,酵母提取物5g,KH2PO41g,CaCO32g,MgSO40.5g,水1000mL,菌丝体产量为22g/100mL。     

The effect of salinity and porosity of sewage sludge compost on the growth of vegetable seedlings

Salinity and porosity of composted sewage sludge (CSS) were studied to evaluate their effect on vegetable seedlings, specifically on vegetable seedling performance and toxicity threshold of soluble salts. For the evaluation, CSS was mixed with different proportions of leached CSS to control the salinity. Soluble salt content of 1.45% or higher in growth media inhibited the growth of cucumber, tomato, and pepper seedlings, while that of 1.1% was relatively safe. Different porosities of CSS media were prepared by mixing CSS (<10 mm) with ground CSS (<1 mm) in different proportions (CSS and ground CSS were leached beforehand to prevent salt stress). The vegetable seedlings grew well in CSS media without showing symptoms of growth inhibition if the total porosity ranged from 66% to 81% and the water holding porosity ranged from 48% to 59%. However, the best seedling performances were achieved with the coarser media with high total porosities. The study indicated that when salt content was appropriate, CSS can be used alone as a vegetable seedling growth medium without the need for grinding or blending with other materials.     

培养基pH对鲍鱼菇菌丝生长的影响

研究了培养基不同pH对鲍鱼菇(Pleurotus abalonus)菌丝生长的影响。结果表明,试验范围内鲍鱼菇菌丝生长的最适pH为5.02。     

壳聚糖对香菇菌丝生长代谢的影响

以香菇(Lentinula edodes)为试验材料,探讨在液体和固体平板培养条件下不同浓度壳聚糖对菌丝生长代谢的影响,结果表明,液体培养条件下,当壳聚糖浓度为0.017和0.01 mg/mL时,对菌球浓度、菌球直径、菌丝体生物量的促进作用与对照组相比,均达到显著差异;固体平板培养条件下,当壳聚糖浓度为0.017和0.01 mg/mL时,菌丝萌发最快,且与对照组达到极显著差异,同时在该条件下菌丝生长速度最快.因此,可选壳聚糖浓度0.017和0.01 mg/mL作为液体和固体平板菌丝生长促进剂的最佳浓度.     

The influence of moisture regime on greenhouse rose production in various growth media

The effect of irrigation regimes and growth media on the production and quality of ‘Baccara’ roses was examined in a greenhouse during the 1969/70 and 1970/71 seasons. The media tested were (a) sandy loam, (b) sandy loam mixed with peat moss, (c) vulcanic scoria (tuff), (d) sandy loam placed on top of the local soil; all except (d) were in raised benches. Two levels of fertilizers were examined in the tuff media. The irrigation treatments in the soil media were established according to pre-irrigation water suction in the range 5 to 50 centibars (cb). In the tuff media the irrigation treatments were scheduled at different frequencies ranging from eight irrigations per day to one irrigation every 2–3 days.Maximum flower production was obtained in sandy loam which was placed on top of the local soil and irrigated so that the soil water suction did not rise above 5 cb. Flower length was unaffected by the irrigation regime in this growth medium.Flower production in the raised benches dropped when the water suction was kept below 20 cb or when it was allowed to rise to 50 cb. On the other hand, the highest percentage of long-stem flowers was obtained when the water suction was maintained below 5 cb.No significant difference in flower production was found between 5–8 and 2 irrigations per day in the tuff media. Maximum yield from these treatments was significantly lower than that in the non-raised soil benches. An increase in fertilizer level had no effect on flower production or quality.The flowering buds were relatively small at the beginning of winter and became larger toward spring. Only minor effects of growth media and moisture regimes on bud weight were found.