丘陵红壤耕作利用过程中土壤肥力的演变和预测

通过区域尺度上两个时段的定位采样 ,结合田块尺度上的长期试验 ,研究了耕作利用变化对我国中亚热带低丘红壤区土壤肥力演变的影响。分析了土壤肥力演变的驱动力 ,建立了土壤养分变化与养分平衡间的相关预测模型。对比分析表明 ,丘陵红壤肥力的变化与养分平衡量的变化趋势一致。在保持荒地和水田利用方式时 ,土壤有机质含量显著降低 ;旱地系统中速效磷和速效钾含量增加 ,但在不施肥的针阔混交林中却下降 ;荒地开垦为水田后 ,土壤肥力有增加趋势。旱坡地红壤全氮和速效钾的变化量与氮、钾的平衡量的显著相关 ,而土壤速效磷与磷的平衡量间相关不显著 ,其原因是没有考虑磷的固定和矿化。     

Effects of climate factors and soil properties on soil nutrients and elemental stoichiometry across the Huang–Huai–Hai River Basin,China

Purpose

Soil nutrients, elemental stoichiometry, and their associated environmental control play important roles in nutrient cycling. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate soil nutrients and elemental stoichiometry, especially potassium and its associative elemental stoichiometry with other nutrients under different land uses in terrestrial ecosystems; (2) to discuss the impacts of climate factors, soil texture, and soil physicochemical properties; and (3) to identify the key factors on soil nutrient levels and elemental stoichiometry.

Materials and methods

Soil data, including pH, bulk density (BD), cation exchange capacity (CEC), volumetric water content (VMC), clay, silt and sand contents, total carbon (TC), nitrogen (TN), phosphorous (TP) and potassium (TK), available nitrogen (AN), phosphorus (AP), potassium (AK), and soil organic matter (SOM) under different land-use types, were collected, and their elemental stoichiometry ratios were calculated. Climate data including temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, wind speed, and evapotranspiration were collected. The least significant difference test and one-way analysis of variance were applied to investigate the variability of soil nutrients and elemental stoichiometry among land-use types; the ordinary least squares method and the general linear model were used to illustrate the correlations between soil nutrients, elemental stoichiometry, and soil properties or climate factors and to identify the key influencing factors.

Results and discussion

Woodlands had the highest SOM, TN, AN, and AK contents, followed by grasslands, croplands, and shrublands, while the TP and TK contents only varied slightly among land-use types. SOM, TN, AN, N/P, and N/K were strongly negatively correlated to soil pH (p <?0.05) and were strongly positively correlated to soil CEC (p <?0.05). For soil texture, only C/N was moderately negatively correlated to silt content but moderately positively correlated to sand content (p <?0.05). For climate factors, SOM, TN, AN, N/P, and N/K were significantly negatively correlated to evapotranspiration and temperature (p <?0.05), and the correlations were usually moderate. Soil pH explained most of the total variation in soil nutrients, and climate factors explained 5.64–28.16% of soil nutrients and elemental stoichiometry (except for AP (0.0%) and TK (68.35%)).

Conclusions

The results suggest that climate factors and soil properties both affect soil nutrients and elemental stoichiometry, and soil properties generally contribute more than climate factors to soil nutrient levels. The findings will help to improve our knowledge of nutrient flux responses to climate change while also assisting in developing management measures related to soil nutrients under conditions of climate change.

     

不同植被恢复模式对红砂岩土壤化学性质及抗蚀特征的影响

通过对不同恢复年限及恢复类型(2a人工恢复湿地松林、5a人工恢复湿地松林、5a自然恢复湿地松林、5a自然恢复荒地和6a种植杨梅园空地)0～30cm红砂岩发育土壤团聚体中有机碳、全磷、全氮分布规律、化学计量比及其与土壤抗蚀性的相关性进行分析,旨在探究红砂岩侵蚀劣地植被恢复过程中土壤养分变化及抗蚀性。结果表明:红砂岩纯裸地土壤养分含量较低,经过不同措施恢复后,土壤理化性质有不同程度的改善。不同类型红砂岩土壤团聚体级配不同。裸地以5 mm粒径团聚体为主,约占60%以上。除自然恢复5a荒地以2～5 mm团聚体为主以外,其余恢复措施的红砂岩土壤均以小于0.25mm粒径微团聚体为主。不同粒径土壤团聚体有机碳、全氮含量均随恢复年限增长呈增加趋势。C、N集中分布在0.25～1 mm团聚体上,尤其是0.5～1 mm团聚体;P则分布较为均匀。采取不同恢复措施后土壤抗蚀性有不同程度的提高,其中结构体破坏率从55.68%降至10%以下。研究区土壤C:N均值为15.0:1;C:P均值为79.7:1;N:P均值为4.0:1。由此可知不同红砂岩发育土壤随着恢复年限而增长,抗蚀性能大幅提升,由于养分主要分布在0.5～5 mm土壤水稳性的团聚体上,而该部分团聚体流失严重,导致土壤养分含量低、土壤抗蚀性差,恢复过程较为困难。     

近30年川中丘陵区不同土地利用方式土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量特征变化

基于1981年第二次土壤普查数据和2012年实地采样数据,分析了紫色丘陵区1981—2012年不同土地利用方式下表层土壤碳氮磷含量及生态化学计量特征变化。结果表明:研究区近30年来土壤碳、氮含量增幅分别为109.98%、27.27%,磷含量基本稳定。1981年土壤C︰N︰P比为7.28︰1︰1,2012年C︰N︰P比为16.41︰1.37︰1。各土地利用方式土壤碳、氮含量均有不同程度提升,尤以林草地、园地提升最为明显;水田、旱地、园地土壤磷含量基本稳定而林草地下降明显;土壤C/N、C/P、N/P均有提升。30年来表层土壤碳储量明显增加,氮储量基本稳定而磷储量有所下降。     

利用方式和土壤肥力对土壤团聚体和养分的影响

The size distribution of water-stable aggregates and the variability of organic C, N and P contents over aggregate size fractions were studied for orchard, upland, paddy, and grassland soils with high, medium, and low fertility levels. The results showed that > 5 mm aggregates in the cultivated upland and paddy soils were 44.0% and 32.0%, respectively, less than those in the un-tilled orchard soil. Organic C and soil N in different size aggregate fractions in orchard soil with high fertility were significantly higher than those of other land uses. However, the contents of soil P in different size aggregates were significantly greater in the paddy soil as compared to the other land uses. Soil organic C, N and P contents were higher in larger aggregates than those in smaller ones. The amount of water-stable aggregates was positively correlated to their contribution to soil organic C, N and P. For orchard and grassland soils, the > 5 mm aggregates made the greatest contribution to soil nutrients, while for upland soil, the 0.25-0.053 mm aggregates contributed the most to soil nutrients. Therefore, the land use with minimum disturbance was beneficial for the formation of a better soil structure. The dominant soil aggregates in different land use types determined the distribution of soil nutrients. Utilization efficiency of soil P could be improved by converting other land uses to the paddy soil.     

Soil nutrient concentrations and stoichiometry under different tree-cropping systems in a purple hillslope in southwestern China

Agroforestry systems strongly impact soil properties, yet their effects on the stoichiometry of soil nutrients remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the tree-cropping systems effects on soil C, N, P and K concentrations and their stoichiometry in 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil depths in a purple hillslope of southwestern China. Five typical agroforestry systems, including Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck system (CO), CO and Ipomoea batatas (L.) system (CI), CO and Arachis hypogaea (L.) system (CA), CO and Zea mays (L.) system (CZ), and CO and Solanum melongena (L.) system (CS), were investigated. Tree-cropping systems (i.e. CI, CA, CZ and CS) showed significantly higher soil C, N, P and K concentrations and clay percentage, and lower bulk density than CO system. Nutrient ratios altered inconsistently among five agroforestry systems. Soil depth differed N concentration, N:K ratio, bulk density and total porosity. Soil nutrient concentrations and stoichiometry showed significant correlations with physical properties. N:P ratio was 69.78 and 78.55% lower than the Chinese and World averages in the 0–10 cm soil depth, indicating that severe N limitation occurred in the agroforestry systems. Rational N fertilization and allocation of tree-cropping systems are urgently needed for sustainable development of agroforestry.     

低丘红壤区小流域土壤肥力性质空间分布特征

利用GIS软件的空间分析功能,以土地利用类型区为分析单元,分析评价了亚热带典型小流域土壤肥力性质的空间和剖面分布特征。研究结果表明:小流域土壤酸化明显,旱地酸度高于水田;土壤保肥力处于中等水平以上;42.6%的土壤表层有机质处于中度缺乏状态;94.3%的表层土壤全P和97.3%的土壤全K处于中度缺乏状态。不同土地利用方式下土壤性质分异明显,综合评价结果表明水田肥力高于旱地。     

Effects of submergence frequency on soil C:N:P ecological stoichiometry in riparian zones of Hulunbuir steppe

Purpose

Hulunbuir steppe has flat terrain and wide riparian zone of rivers and lakes on it. Owing to climate change, these riparian zones are often submerged or dried. This not only results in the instability of biodiversity in these regions but also affects the soil biogeochemical cycles. Soil C:N:P ecological stoichiometry plays a vital role in predicting and understanding the balance of multiple chemicals in ecological interactions. However, few studies have examined the soil C:N:P ecological stoichiometry in riparian zones of Hulunbuir steppe under different submergence states. Our objectives were to explore whether submergence frequencies impact soil C:N:P stoichiometry and identify the key factors.

Materials and methods

Four study sites were selected along the Hui river in Hulunbuir steppe, and three plots of different submergence frequencies, high (HF-sub, 5 to 7 times per year), moderate (MF-sub, 2 to 3 times per year), and low (LF-sub, unflooded or flooded once per year), were selected for each study site. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), their ecological stoichiometric ratios (soil C:N, N:P, and C:P), soil ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^?-N), available phosphorus (AP), soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil moisture content (SMC), soil bulk density (SBD), porosity, and hardness were measured and analyzed.

Results and discussion

The results indicated that soil C:N:P ecological stoichiometry was notably affected by submergence frequency across the four study sites (P?<?0.05). SOC, TN, TP, and their stoichiometric ratios changed regularly with the submergence frequency change, whereas their trends were inconsistent at different drainage basins. Soil C:N decreased with the decrease in submergence frequency but kept in a narrow scope, whereas the N:P and C:P were changed greatly under different submergence frequencies. Further analysis found that these significant variations in N:P and C:P were mainly due to the changes in soil TP which suggested there might be a P limitation in the riparian zones. The results of redundancy analysis (RDA) and path analysis indicated that soil AP and NO₃^?-N were the key indirect factors affecting soil C:N:P ecological stoichiometry under different submergence frequencies, and SMC was an indirect factor.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that the soil C:N:P ecological stoichiometry was significantly affected by the submergence frequency in the riparian zones of Hulunbuir steppe. Soil N:P and C:P were more susceptible to change than C:N under different submergence frequencies. If the contents of soil AP and NO₃^?-N were appropriate, soil C:N:P ecological stoichiometry will be more beneficial to regulating the cycle and balance of soil nutrient elements in the riparian zones, which can promote the riparian zones to provide better ecological functions.

     

水稻生产改为蔬菜或葡萄栽培对土壤养分的影响研究——以浙江富阳为例

以浙江杭州郊区为例,研究了土地利用方式变化对土壤养分的影响,以期对土地利用方式的选择提供借鉴。选取当地3种典型的土地利用方式变化类型,调查由传统水稻生产改为种植高经济收益的芦笋、葡萄或芥菜后不同年限对土壤养分变化的影响。结果表明,水稻田改种芦笋后,除铵态氮以外,土壤表层中的其他养分（有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾）浓度均显著提高（P〈0．05）;全氮、全钾以及硝态氮的增幅延续到剖面深层。其他两种类型的土地利用方式变化也有相似规律,其中有效态养分增幅更为明显。土地利用方式变化对养分分布也有一定的影响,水稻田改种芦笋后全氮和全钾的浓度增加最为显著,而改种葡萄后变化最大的养分是速效钾,改种芥菜后土壤硝态氮上升更显著。因此,水稻田转变成种植其他经济作物会引起土壤表层乃至剖面深层养分浓度的增加,可能造成农业面源污染,易引起养分流失和导致水体富营养化。     

长期施肥对南方黄泥田冬春季杂草群落及其C、N、P 化学计量的影响

在福建黄泥田长期定位施肥试验的第27年,研究了不同施肥处理对冬春季稻田杂草群落及其C、N、P化学计量的影响。结果表明,与不施肥(CK)相比,化肥+牛粪(NPKM)、化肥+秸秆还田(NPKS)及单施化肥(NPK)处理的杂草Shannon均匀度指数(E)降低0.03~0.07个单位,NPKM与NPKS处理还同时降低了Margalef物种丰富度指数(DMG),而表征综合量度的Shannon多样性指数(H′)则降低0.02~0.16个单位。各施肥处理的杂草生物量较CK增加89.6%~214.7%。不同施肥处理还提高了杂草N、P、K养分含量,尤其是NPKM处理,各施肥处理养分积累顺序表现为:NPKM>NPKS>NPK。此外,各施肥处理降低了杂草C/N与C/P计量比值。植株C/N、C/P、N/P与土壤C/N、C/P、N/P及生物量间呈一定的显著相关。不同施肥处理影响杂草多样性及其养分吸收,施肥处理的杂草养分储量可观,培肥潜力大。杂草的C、N、P计量比一定程度上可反映土壤C、N、P计量特征。     

新疆甘家湖梭梭林碳、氮、磷、钾生态化学计量特征

为探讨甘家湖梭梭林的C,N,P,K元素化学计量特征,进而揭示该地区梭梭林的养分限制状况和适应策略,以新疆甘家湖国家级自然保护区3种植被盖度C≥70%(HC),50%≤C70%(MC),30%≤C50%(LC)梭梭林为研究对象,从生态化学计量学角度,测定和分析土壤(0—10cm,10—20cm,20—40cm,40—60cm,60—100cm)及梭梭标准木地上、地下部分中的有机碳、全氮、全磷和全钾的质量分数及计量比值。结果表明:(1)不同盖度梭梭林土壤营养元素及计量比存在差异,有机C和全N含量的变化规律基本相似:HCMCLC,全P和全K含量基本相似:HCLCMC。土壤C∶N较为稳定,不同盖度梭梭林土壤C∶P,C∶K,N∶P,K∶N差异显著,而不同盖度梭梭林地K∶P差异不显著(p0.05)。(2)梭梭植株地上部分仅中盖度N含量和C∶N显著高于低盖度(p0.05);梭梭植株地下部分C,N,P含量、C∶N,N∶P,K∶N在不同盖度之间差异显著,而K含量、C∶P,C∶K和K∶P在不同盖度之间差异不显著(p0.05)。梭梭植株地上和地下部分相比,C含量、C∶N,C∶P和C∶K为地下地上,而N,P,K含量、N∶P,K∶P和K∶N均为地上地下。(3)植株地上部分营养元素与土壤中对应元素多为负相关关系且相关系数较小,而地下部分营养元素与土壤中对应元素则多为正相关关系且相关系数较大。梭梭地上和地下部分,除C和P为负相关外,其余均为正相关,且C∶N和K∶N为显著正相关(p0.05)。综上得出,该地区土壤较为贫瘠,尤其N,P元素匮乏;梭梭生长主要受N限制;梭梭植株根系生长发育受土壤影响更大,植株体营养元素在同化过程中呈一定的比例关系。     

Microbial and microfaunal communities in phosphorus limited,grazed grassland change composition but maintain homeostatic nutrient stoichiometry

Previous results from a long-term grassland trial, located in south-east Ireland indicated conserved (homeostatic) nutrient stoichiometry of the soil microbial biomass despite widely varying soil C:N:P ratios. To determine whether this was associated with a change in microbial community structure, rather than a change in microbial physiology, this study characterized the responses of below-ground microbial and nematode community structure to P fertilization. The trial site maintained a range of P fertilisation rates (0–30 kg P ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) which had been applied since 1968 and soil samples were collected in spring 2009, autumn 2010 and spring 2011. The microbial biomass demonstrated homeostatic stoichiometry over all sampling occasions, particularly of the C:P ratio, despite a 50-fold difference in soil solution C:P ratio. However, microbial and nematode community structure also varied with P fertilisation, indicating that nutrient ratios are maintained even though there were changes in microbial community structure. P fertilization induced a shift from fungal to bacterial dominated decomposition pathways, as indicated by the proportion of bacterial-feeding to fungal-feeding nematodes and bacterial: fungal phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). The altered microbial community structure was considered to result from bottom-up control of nutrient quality and quantity by altered vegetation structure and fertilizer inputs, as well as top-down pressures from the nematode community.     

Consistent profile pattern and spatial variation of soil C/N/P stoichiometric ratios in the subalpine forests

Purpose

The vertical patterns of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry are still controversial, and relative contribution of their controlling factors also is rarely understood for the whole soil profile. This study aimed to assess the vertical variation of both C/N, N/P, C/P ratios and their determining factors along soil profiles in subalpine forests of the eastern Tibetan Plateau.

Materials and methods

Soil samples at five depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–50, and 50–100 cm) were collected from 132 forest sites to evaluate the vertical distribution of soil C/N, N/P, and C/P ratios. Eleven relevant environmental factors (e.g., altitude, latitude, longitude, soil pH, soil bulk density, relative stone contents, soil order, slope, position, forest type, and dominant tree species) were measured to examine their relative contribution on stoichiometric ratios within each soil layer using boosted regression tree (BRT) analysis.

Results and discussion

Soil C/N, N/P, and C/P ratios consistently decreased with increasing soil depth. BRT models accurately predicted the soil C/N, N/P, and C/P ratios in the upper four layers (R ² = 49–97 %). For soil C/N and N/P ratios, altitude associated with latitude had the highest contribution across five soil layers, while the contributions of soil pH and bulk density were significant within soil layers closer to the surface. Independently, soil bulk density and altitude were the most important factors of C/P ratios in 0–30- and 30–100-cm soil layers.

Conclusions

This study indicated that soil C/N/P stoichiometric ratios, and the relative importance of their controlling factors, shifted within soil profiles across Tibetan Plateau forests. Further research will be needed to understand the regulatory mechanism of soil stoichiometry and biogeochemistry in response to environmental change at whole soil profiles.

     

子午岭地区林地破坏加速侵蚀对土壤养分流失和微生物的影响研究

以浅沟集水区为研究对象,分析了子午岭地区林地被开垦破坏15年后裸露地在不同侵蚀强度和侵蚀方式下的土壤养分流失和土壤微生物数量的变化。结果表明,林地开垦破坏后,土壤侵蚀加剧发展,侵蚀强度达159.7t/(hm2a),是林地土壤侵蚀量的上千倍。开垦破坏15年后,裸露地浅沟集水区不同地形部位表层土壤全氮、有机碳、速效磷和土壤微生物总数显著减少,同林地相比,依次分别减少37.9%～82.6%、42.7%～86.4%、24.2%～80.3%和31.8%～92.0%。在裸露地浅沟集水区梁坡随坡长的增加,表层土壤有机碳、全氮和速效磷含量及微生物总数呈显著的下降趋势,且沟槽的土壤各养分含量及微生物总数明显低于沟间。裸露地浅沟集水区土壤养分流失强度及微生物数量减少幅度在浅沟集水区的空间分布与土壤侵蚀方式和侵蚀强度相对应。林地开垦破坏15年后,土壤养分以有机碳流失最严重,其次分别为速效磷、全氮;微生物中的真菌减少幅度最大,细菌次之,放线菌减少幅度最小。     

岩溶区不同恢复阶段檵木根际土壤生态化学计量学特征

[目的]探讨不同植被恢复阶段中檵木(Loropetalum chinense)根际土壤生态化学计量学特征,揭示岩溶石漠化区不同恢复阶段下檵木养分利用规律及限制因子,为岩溶区植被恢复与重建提供科学依据。[方法]利用生态化学计量学方法,分析桂西北岩溶区不同植被恢复阶段(灌木林、原生林)檵木根际土壤生态化学计量学特征。[结果]檵木根际土壤C、N、P含量表现为灌木林阶段高于原生林阶段,而C∶N,C∶P,N∶P比值则刚好相反;同一植被恢复阶段,不同坡位间檵木根际土壤C∶P与N∶P比值存在显著差异;相关性分析表明,土壤C含量与土壤N∶P含量存在显著正相关关系,土壤N,P均与C∶N,C∶P,N∶P存在显著正相关关系,土壤C∶P与C∶N,N∶P存在显著正相关关系。[结论]檵木根际养分供应状况与其生境密切相关,在植被恢复前期(灌木林)檵木生长容易受N素限制,到植被恢复后期檵木生长易受P素限制。     

我国耕地土壤养分变化与肥料投入状况

根据全国耕地地力监测点 10余年监测结果 ,分析了我国耕地土壤养分变化与肥料投入状况。结果表明 ,有机肥投入量有逐渐减低的趋势 ,而化肥投入量稳中有升 ;常规施肥区土壤有机质、速效氮、速效钾年度间基本稳定 ,而速效磷稳中有升 ;空白区土壤有机质、速效氮基本稳定 ,速效磷、速效钾有下降趋势。养分收支平衡分析表明 ,氮磷盈余、钾亏缺。氮盈余量北方旱地、南方旱地和水田随年度稳中有升 ,而北方水田逐渐下降 ;磷盈余均稳中有升 ;钾亏缺南方水田在缓解 ,而其他农田在逐渐加大     

不同利用方式和开垦年限下红壤水稳性团聚体及养分变化研究

本文就不同开垦年限下旱地、水田、菜园和荒地土壤水稳性团聚体、有机C和各养分的变化规律及其相互关系进行了研究.结果表明,荒地开垦为旱地、水田和菜园后,>5 mm的水稳性团聚体含量迅速下降,但随着利用年限的延长,>0.25 mm的水稳性团聚体总量呈增加趋势.旱地和菜园土壤有机C的积累速度高于全N,而水田土壤中全N和有机C含量同时迅速上升.土壤全P含量随开垦年限增加快速升高,但土壤K素淋失严重,随着熟化程度的提高而降低.红壤各粒级水稳性团聚体含量与有机C和全N含量之间均达到了显著相关关系,而与全P和全K间相关性不显著.可见,土壤团聚体稳定性程度保持在何种水平,主要取决于农田有机C库及N的平衡状况.     

塔里木盆地北缘绿洲土壤化学计量特征

选择塔里木盆地北缘阿拉尔垦区灌漠土、棕漠土、盐土和风沙土四种土壤为研究对象,在分析土壤C、N、P化学计量特征基础上,利用排序方法中的冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)技术深入解析了土壤C、N、P含量及其化学计量比与其他理化因子的关系。结果表明:研究区土壤C、N、P含量整体水平不高,土壤C、N、P元素含量均值分别为2.97、0.27、0.64 mg g-1。由C、N、P含量的相关性分析可知C、N元素含量变化几乎同步,P元素含量变化滞后于二者。C∶N∶P为11∶1∶2.37,在四种土壤类型中N∶P、C∶P较C∶N变化范围大,土壤C、N、P计量比表明N是研究区主要的限制因素。冗余分析结果表明,土壤含水量是土壤C、N、P含量及其化学计量比变化的主要驱动因子,土壤含水量与土壤C、N元素含量和N∶P、C∶P呈现极显著正相关关系,土壤容重与土壤C、N元素含量和N∶P、C∶P呈现极显著负相关关系;土壤盐度对土壤C、N、P含量及其化学计量比的影响并未达到显著程度,可能是因为研究区土壤本身盐碱性差异不大。     

豆科绿肥对渭北旱塬土壤养分及生态化学计量学特征影响

渭北旱塬是我国重要的农业生态区,但土壤贫瘠、水土流失严重,亟需培肥土壤、改善生态环境。为探究渭北旱塬地区夏闲期种植并翻压豆科绿肥后土壤养分及其生态化学计量学特征的变化规律,采用田间定位试验,分别设置了3种豆科绿肥(绿豆、大豆和长武怀豆)和4个施氮水平,连续6年种植并翻压绿肥后,分析了土壤中养分含量,采用生态化学计量学方法计算了不同条件下的生态化学计量比值。结果表明:与对照(休闲)处理相比,长期种植并翻压豆科绿肥能显著提高土壤有机碳、全氮和碱解氮等养分指标含量,3种养分分别提高了4.47%~15.35%、5.21%~6.25%和11.00%~14.35%,且均以怀豆处理提升效果最佳。翻压绿肥短期内(2周后),土壤全氮含量的提升幅度大于有机碳和碱解氮。怀豆处理的有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、全磷和有效磷含量在短期和长期内均显著升高,培肥效果最为明显。翻压绿肥后,短期内土壤C∶N降低,但从长期效应来看,翻压绿肥提高了土壤C∶N,有利于土壤有机质的积累,能有效改善土壤养分平衡状态。土壤C∶P和N∶P与土壤C、N含量变化关系较为密切。夏闲期长期种植并翻压绿肥明显改善了土壤碳、氮养分状况,是渭北旱塬地区土壤培肥的有效措施。     

黄土高原不同纬度下刺槐林土壤生态化学计量学特征研究

为了阐明黄土高原不同纬度地区刺槐林土壤的生态化学计量学特征,对黄土高原由南向北13个县区刺槐林下的土壤碳、氮、磷化学计量学特征进行了测定与分析.结果表明:(1)阳坡0 ～ 10 cm土壤C∶N比、C∶P比、N∶P比的变化范围分别为9.48～15.33、8.93～ 59.79、0.77～5.11,10 ～ 20 cm土壤分别为9.13 ～13.57、7.85～ 37.69、0.44 ～ 3.19;阴坡0～ 10 cm土壤C∶N比、C∶P比、N∶P比分别为8.58 ～13.75、9.46 ～ 47.71、0.76～ 3.63,10～20 cm土壤分别为7.60～13.41、5.99 ～31.28、0.54～2.65.(2)土壤全氮的空间分布与有机碳具有一致性,均随纬度的升高呈指数减小的趋势,表层大于表下层,且随着纬度的升高该差异逐渐减小;全磷的空间变异性低于有机碳和全氮,研究区内土壤全磷含量随纬度的升高呈先增加后减小的趋势.(3)土壤C∶N比随纬度的升高无明显的变化趋势,而C∶P比和N∶P比随纬度的升高显著减小;土壤C∶N∶P比均随着土层增加而减小,但差异不显著.