内蒙古罕山白绒山羊毛囊生长规律的研究

用sacpic染色法对周岁内蒙古罕山白绒山羊体侧部皮肤横切、纵切面进行染色,研究其毛囊生长发育的规律.结果表明,一年当中,5月份次级毛囊逐渐开始发育;6、7、8月份次级毛囊发育显著(P＜0.05);9、10、11、12月份次级毛囊发育极显著(P＜0.01),其中11月份的发育最好;1、2月份进入退行期;3、4月份进入休止期.次级毛囊深度在8月底最深,毛球宽、毛囊宽也在8月底最宽.退行期的毛囊活性低,休止期的毛囊完全失去活性,表现为绒毛停止生长.绒长度测量结果表明,5月份少数个体的绒长出体表皮;6、7、8月份绒长度逐渐增长,但差异不显著(P＞0.05),9、10、11、12月份绒长度显著增加,其中11月份最长(P＜0.01).     

辽宁绒山羊2品系皮肤毛囊周期性变化的比较研究

皮肤切片采用HE染色方法,对辽宁绒山羊常年长绒型品系和季节长绒型品系皮肤表皮厚、真皮厚、次级毛囊和初级毛囊深度、密度,次级毛囊和初级毛囊毛球宽度,S／P值等作了详细统计观察,从形态学方面研究了辽宁绒山羊皮肤毛囊在1年内的变化规律。结果表明：两品系辽宁绒山羊毛囊的兴盛期为4～10月,退行期为11～12月,休止期为1～3月,持续时间分别为7、2、3个月。兴盛期经历时间最长,退行期最短。但在毛囊的退行期,因为大多数毛囊的活性还很高,因此在退行期绒毛仍在生长,特别是在退行前期（10、11月份）还是绒毛的快速生长期。     

常年长绒型辽宁绒山羊兴盛期皮肤次级毛囊结构分析

兴盛期是绒山羊毛囊周期性发育的3个阶段之一,山羊绒纤维生长主要在该时期进行。了解常年长绒型辽宁绒山羊兴盛期次级毛囊生长发育规律,可为指导绒山羊选育及提高产绒性能提供理论依据。本研究利用组织切片技术,对1.5岁成年母羊皮肤毛囊组织结构和性状进行观察和统计分析。研究结果表明,常年长绒型辽宁绒山羊兴盛期次级毛囊结构由外到内分别由结缔组织鞘、外根鞘、内根鞘、毛干及毛球几部分组成;同时发现常年长绒型辽宁绒山羊次级毛囊的兴盛前期为7-8月份,兴盛期为9月至次年2月份,兴盛期持续时间较长,且兴盛期次级毛囊深度与毛球宽度呈极强正相关(r=0.995,P=0.00003)。详细了解了常年长绒型辽宁绒山羊兴盛期次级毛囊结构,发现其兴盛期持续时间长且次级毛囊性状间存在一定的相关性。     

内蒙古绒山羊次级毛囊组织形态周期性变化研究

[目的]了解成年绒山羊次级毛囊组织形态的周期性变化过程,为研究绒山羊绒毛生长的分子调控机理奠定组织学基础.[方法]制作内蒙古绒山羊1年周期内每个月的皮肤组织切片,染色后显微镜下观察照相.[结果]成年绒山羊次级毛囊形态在1年中呈周期性变化,在兴盛期、退行期和休止期的形态各不相同.从4月份开始,次级毛囊外根鞘细胞向下分裂延伸,开始了毛囊的重建;8-9月毛囊完成重建,毛囊结构完整;10月毛球细胞停止分裂,毛乳头萎缩,大量细胞程序化死亡,毛根上移,毛囊进入退行期;12月毛囊根部上升到皮脂腺附近不再变化;翌年1-3月毛囊的形态基本没有变化.[结论]了解了成年绒山羊次级毛囊1年内形态的周期性变化过程,为绒山羊绒毛相关领域的研究提供一定的借鉴.     

内蒙古绒山羊与辽宁绒山羊毛囊周期性变化的研究

文章对内蒙古阿尔巴斯白绒山羊和辽宁绒山羊毛囊各统计性状的周期性变化做了研究.结果表明表皮厚度从3月份开始增加,此时毛囊也开始伸长,绒山羊毛囊在8～9月份达到最长,为兴盛期;以后毛囊又逐渐变短,2～3月毛囊各性状基本不再变化,说明它已进入休止期.它们进入兴盛期和持续的时间不同.比较来看,初级毛囊除毛球宽外,其它各性状阿尔巴斯白绒山羊均大于辽宁绒山羊,而次级毛囊各性状辽宁绒山羊都大于阿尔巴斯白绒山羊,在大多数月份二者差异显著,说明毛囊深、密度、S/P、毛球宽和生长期是影响它们产绒量的因素.     

成年辽宁绒山羊皮肤毛囊周期性发育不同时期FGF_5 mRNA的表达分析

成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF_5)基因在次级毛囊的周期性发育过程中具有重要的调控作用。利用RT-PCR技术检测了FGF_5基因mRNA在成年辽宁绒山羊皮肤毛囊不同时期(兴盛前期、兴盛期、退行期和休止期)的表达规律。结果表明:FGF_5基因mRNA在不同时期的辽宁绒山羊皮肤组织中均有表达,表达量由高到低顺序依次为休止期、兴盛期、退行期和兴盛前期;在休止期表达量最高,兴盛前期表达量最低;其中休止期表达量与兴盛前期和退行期间差异均显著(P0.05),兴盛前期与其余3个时期间也差异显著(P0.05),但休止期与兴盛期、兴盛期与退行期间差异均不显著(P0.05)。因此,FGF_5基因表达可能控制着绒山羊的毛囊从兴盛期向退行期转换。     

内蒙古绒山羊与辽宁绒山羊皮肤毛囊周期性变化的比较研究

对内蒙古阿尔巴斯白绒山羊和辽宁绒山羊皮肤及毛囊的组织学周期性变化作了比较研究，结果表明：表皮生发层细胞从3月份开始活动并向下延伸，此时毛囊也开始重建，绒山羊毛囊8-9月份进入兴盛期，12月份进入退行期，2-3月份为休止期。它们进入兴盛期和持续的时间不同，初级毛囊除毛球宽外，其它各性状阿尔巴斯白绒山羊均大于辽宁绒山羊，而次级毛囊各性状辽宁绒山羊都大于阿尔巴斯白绒山羊，在大多数月份二者差异显著。毛囊深、密度、S／P、毛球宽和生长期是影响产绒量的因素。     

乾华肉用美利奴羊皮肤毛囊结构及周期性变化规律的研究

为了揭示绒毛生长不同时期乾华肉用美利奴羊皮肤毛囊结构与变化规律,进而为其毛囊发育的分子调控机制奠定组织学基础,本试验采用组织学方法,对乾华肉用美利奴羊绒毛生长的兴盛期、退行期、休止期毛囊结构及毛囊密度变化的差异进行比较研究。结果表明:不同时期的乾华肉用美利奴羊皮肤毛囊密度存在一定的差异,且各时期初级毛囊密度变化不明显(P0.05),次级毛囊密度兴盛期最大(42.73±4.71个/mm~2),其次为退行期(32.53±3.32个/mm~2),休止期次级毛囊密度最小(28.21±2.79个/mm~2),且不同时期次级毛囊密度差异显著(P0.05);绒毛生长兴盛期S/P值最大,退行期、休止期差异显著(P0.05)。     

青海藏系绵羊毛囊生长周期性变化的研究

对青海藏系绵羊皮肤切片进行H.E.染色的组织形态学观察显示,青海藏系绵羊皮肤毛囊在2月份处于休止期、5月份处于兴盛前期、8月份处于兴盛期、11月份进入退行期;初级毛囊密度活动变化较次级毛囊密度活动变化恒定,S/P值明显低于其他品系绵羊;毛囊群以一元体和二元体毛囊群居多,三元体毛囊群较少。     

辽宁绒山羊皮肤毛囊细胞凋亡特点的研究

绒山羊皮肤次级毛囊与其它动物毛囊一样,在一个生物年内要经历兴盛期、退行期和休止期等3个不同时期.毛囊与动物机体内部的其它器官一样随时都在发生着细胞凋亡现象.凋亡的特征是内源性核酸内切酶被激活,细胞自身的染色质或DNA被切割,出现单链或双链缺口,并产生与DNA断点数目相同的3'-OH末端.     

Wnt10b参与外源褪黑激素促进绒山羊绒毛生长的研究

本实验旨在研究Wnt10b在内蒙古成年绒山羊皮肤中的表达变化规律和褪黑激素(MT)对其表达量的影响。每隔1个月按照2 mg/kg BW的剂量在受试内蒙古成年绒山羊耳后皮下埋植MT。连续采集12个月(从2009年8月到2010年7月)的肩胛部皮肤样品,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测Wnt10b的表达量。结果表明:Wnt10b在内蒙古成年绒山羊皮肤组织中毛囊生长中期和休止前期高表达;埋植MT提高了Wnt10b在内蒙古成年绒山羊皮肤组织中毛囊休止期和退行期的表达量。结果提示,Wnt10b参与内蒙古绒山羊毛囊生长的信号传递过程,并在退行期和休止期转变过程中发挥作用;Wnt10b参与了外源MT促绒毛生长的毛囊周期性变化过程。     

Alkaline phosphatase reaction in hair follicles of male beagle dogs during hair cycle stages.

The literature reviewed has revealed differences of opinion concerning the location of alkaline phosphates and its relationship to the hair cycle stages. This project was undertaken to determine alkaline phosphatase activity in the hair follicle stages: anagen, catagen, and telogen. Skin biopsy samples were collected over a period of 1 year from 9 purebred male Beagle dogs. At the beginning of the experiment 3 dogs were 2 weeks of age, 3 dogs were 12 months of age and 3 dogs were 21 months of age. The skin biopsies were taken monthly from alternate sides of each animal near the thoracolumbar region. Samples were fixed in 80% chilled alcohol and the alkaline phosphatase activity was determined by Gomori's calcium cobalt method. A total of 250 slides with seven sections per slide was examined. Each slide contained between 14–60 hair follicles. During anagen stage, the reaction of the dermal papilla for the presence of alkaline phosphatase was variable. A weak or negative reaction was observed in this study which was an unexpected finding. The reaction of the dermal papilla to alkaline phosphatase was positive in catagen stage. The cells of the dermal papillae in telogen stage were strongly alkaline phosphatase positive. The reaction was not confined to the blood vessels but occurred in all parts of the dermal papilla in both early and late stages.     

The canine hair cycle - a guide for the assessment of morphological and immunohistochemical criteria

The hair follicle has a lifelong capacity to cycle through recurrent phases of controlled growth (anagen), regression (catagen) and quiescence (telogen), each associated with specific morphological changes. A comprehensive classification scheme is available for mice to distinguish the cycle stages anagen I-VI, catagen I-VIII and telogen. For dogs, such a classification system does not exist, although alopecia associated with hair cycle arrest is common. We applied analogous morphological criteria and various staining techniques to subdivide the canine hair cycle stages to the same extent as has been done in mice. Of all the staining techniques applied, haematoxylin and eosin stain, Sacpic, Masson Fontana and immunohistochemistry for vimentin and laminin proved to be most useful. To evaluate the applicability of our criteria, we investigated skin biopsies from healthy beagle dogs (n=20; biopsies from shoulder and thigh) kept in controlled conditions. From each biopsy, at least 50 hair follicles were assessed. Statistical analysis revealed that 30% of the follicles were in anagen (12% early and 18% late), 8% in catagen (2% early, 5% late and 1% not determinable) and 27% in telogen. Thirty-five per cent of hair follicles could not be assigned to a specific cycle stage because not all follicles within one biopsy were oriented perfectly. In conclusion, this guide will not only be helpful for the investigation of alopecic disorders and possibly their pathogenesis, but may also serve as a basis for research projects in which the comparison of hair cycle stages is essential, e.g. comparative analysis of gene expression patterns.     

Histology of the hair cycle in male beagle dogs

A detailed histologic study of the hair follicles of male Beagle dogs was made to determine changes in microscopic structure associated with the three stages in the hair cycle. Observed changes are that the bulbs of hair follicles in anagen are more closely associated with adipose tissue than they are in telogen. This is due to the deeper penetration of the follicles into the subcutaneous tissue during anagen. The hair germ cells of telogen were presumed to arise from the stratum basale of the matrix cells rather than from the outer root sheath cells. During telogen, the dermal papilla is separated from the club hair, but remains in close proximity to it. There is no connecting stalk as is reported for other animals.     

Influence of inflammation and coat type on oestrogen receptor immunohistochemistry

The purpose of this study was to evaluate oestrogen receptor alpha staining in a variety of breeds and skin conditions. The influence of inflammation and coat type on the presence and intensity of oestrogen receptor alpha staining was evaluated. Approximately 1700 haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides of skin biopsies were screened for presence of small hair bulbs. Slides from 94 cases were submitted for oestrogen receptor alpha immunohistochemistry. H&E-stained skin biopsy tissues were examined for inflammation and hair follicle stages. Oestrogen receptor alpha staining characteristics of telogen follicles, flame follicles, large anagen bulbs, small hair bulbs and early anagen hairs (capped bulbs) were recorded. To assess the influence of inflammation and coat type on oestrogen receptor staining of hair follicle types, chi-square tests, Fisher's exact tests and logistic regression models were performed. Slides were classified as inflammatory (65) and noninflammatory (29). There were no statistically significant differences in oestrogen receptor staining when comparing inflammatory to noninflammatory skin biopsies or skin biopsies from dogs with different coat types. A subset of 13 noninflammatory biopsies from alopecic skin was identified. There was a statistically significant increase in the number of flame follicles in this subset as compared to all others. Comparison of oestrogen receptor staining of hair follicle types from these biopsies and all other biopsies revealed a statistically significant increase in the number of mature telogen hair follicles stained in this subset. No statistical difference in staining of early follicle stages was noted. Therefore, the oestrogen receptor is unlikely to be the controlling factor for the transition from telogen to anagen in the dog.     

绒山羊次级毛囊基因表达滞后性的转录组分析

毛囊是具有高度的自我更新能力、独特的可再生器官,其周期性变化是一个动态过程,为了研究毛囊差异基因表达变化情况,文章以内蒙古绒山羊生长期毛囊为研究对象,利用Illumina高通量测序技术方法,检测6~10月皮肤毛囊差异基因表达变化情况,寻找对绒毛生长及质量具有调控作用的特异表达基因。试验发现,多数差异基因分别在初级毛囊（PF）的7、8月份和次级毛囊的（SF）8、9月份表达;在绒毛生长期的相邻月份中,发现FAM83C、LOC102185501、FYCO1、CTTNBP2NL、C6orf132、KRTAP29-1 和 CRYBG3 7个共同差异表达基因呈现相同的表达趋势,且在次级毛囊上的表达变化均比初级毛囊滞后1个月。综上所述,次级毛囊在基因表达调控中存在一定的滞后性,这将为绒毛周期生长发育和分子育种提供重要的理论基础。