塑膜暖棚养畜应注意的几个问题

目前,利用塑膜暖棚养畜,提高舍内温度,提高饲料报酬,降低养畜成本的优越性已被越来越多的养殖户所认识。但塑膜暖棚养畜应注意以下几个问题。     

用塑膜暖棚饲养辽宁绒山羊应注意的一些问题

在东北及其他一些冬春季节比较寒冷的地区，采用塑膜暖棚来饲养辽宁绒山羊因具有成本低、增绒快、耗料少、饲养环境可以人工控制、繁殖成活率比较高等显著优点而被广大绒山羊饲养户普遍接受。但是，用塑膜暖棚来饲养辽宁绒山羊跟用塑料大棚种植蔬菜一样也是一门技术，与大棚饲养鸡猪相比，既有相同之处，又有其特殊规律。笔者根据多年来用塑膜暖棚饲养辽宁绒山羊的经验和教训，对用塑膜暖棚饲养辽宁绒山羊时应注意的一些问题简单概括如下。     

塑膜暖棚技术在高寒牧区的推广与应用

塑膜暖棚技术是本世纪中叶以来新发展起来的一项农牧业技术 ,在温室应用农业基础上 ,随着塑料工业的兴起而迅速发展起来的。塑膜暖棚舍的产生仅 2 0年的历史。在试验研究的基础上 ,将塑膜暖棚养畜作为重点开发项目进行推广 ,取得了良好的经济和社会效益。甘肃省肃北蒙古族自治县盐池湾乡是纯畜牧业乡 ,地处党河南山北麓 ,东南与青海省接壤 ,全乡辖五个牧业村 ,牧业户 1 2 0户 ,总面积 6 0 5 2平方公里 ,占总面积 74 3% ,平均海拔 35 0 0米以上 ,年平均气温零下 3 6度 ,无霜期5 4天 ,气候高寒 ,干旱缺水 ,生产条件差。自从草场承包后 ,游牧…     

北方塑膜畜禽养殖配套技术

我市地处北方,冬季严寒漫长,不适宜牲畜的生长发育,如果养畜户在冬季采用塑膜暖棚养畜技术,可以较好地解决冬季饲养牲畜的冬季消瘦,生长缓慢,死亡率高,羔羊成活率低等生产环境问题;同时在夏季由于打开塑膜,在山墙的遮光作用下,保证了畜舍的冬暖夏凉,使养畜的经济效益得到较大程度的提高。1品种选择牛、羊等反刍动物,要根据其经济用途来决定品种的选择。乳用牛应选择产奶性能较高的荷斯坦奶牛,肉用牛应选择西门塔尔、夏洛莱与本地牛杂交的肉用品种;细毛羊宜选择产毛量高的中国美利奴、东北细毛羊及优良品种改良的当地羊;肉用羊应选择萨福特、…     

牧区两用暖棚内环境监测试验研究

通过对两用暖棚内环境监测试验,旨在研究养畜时畜舍内产生的有害气体对畜体健康的影响以及暖棚夏季种植蔬菜后所产生的湿度对冷季养殖牲畜时造成的影响,从而采取合理的暖棚管护和牲畜饲养方法,以维持良好的畜舍环境,保障畜牧业生产的可持续发展。     

牧区新一代种养两用暖棚的建设与利用

牧区种养两用暖棚建设是集养殖、种植于一体的牧区设施畜牧业的重要内容。经在青海牧区试验研究。在两用暖棚内冬季养畜、夏季种菜，方法切实可行，可大幅度提高暖棚的综合效益，适宜在高寒牧区推广应用。     

北方塑膜暖棚猪舍设计与环境控制

我国北方地区冬季寒冷、漫长，不适宜猪的正常生长发育。如采用在原有的开放式猪舍基础上增设塑料薄膜(以下简称塑膜)或直接设计建筑塑膜暖棚猪舍，则改善了猪的生长环境，提高了养猪的经济效益。     

怎样合理修建肉牛舍

１肉牛舍类型半开放牛舍、塑膜暖棚牛舍、封闭牛舍是当今较为普遍应用的牛舍。１．１半开放牛舍半开放牛舍三面有墙，向阳一面敞开，有部分顶棚，在敞开一侧设有围栏，水槽料糟设在栏内，肉牛散放其中。每舍（群）１５～２头，每头牛占有舍面积４～５m２。这类牛舍造价低节省劳动力，但冷冬防寒效果不佳。１．２塑膜暖棚牛舍塑料暖棚牛舍属于半开放牛舍的一种，是近年北方寒冷地区推出的一种较保温的半开放牛舍。与一般半开放舍比，保温效果较好。塑膜暖棚牛舍三面全墙，向阳一面有半截墙，有１／２～２／３的顶棚。向阳的一面在温暖季节露…     

青海牧区暖棚羊舍修建、使用中存在的问题与对策

青海省地处青藏高原东北部 ,平均海拔在 3 0 0 0m以上 ,牧区易受东南季风和西北冷空气影响 ,冬季漫长且风雪天气多 ,冬季最低温度为 -3 0℃～ -2 5℃。长期以来牧民靠天养畜 ,逐水草而居 ,管理粗放 ,羊群“夏壮、秋肥、冬瘦、春乏” ,严重束缚了本省养羊业的发展。上世纪 90年代中期塑料暖棚养羊技术在我省牧区推广使用 ,发展迅速。海南州 1996年建成暖棚 2 2 7座 ,1 97万m2 ,1997年建成 64 3座 ,6 92万m2 。 2年建成暖棚占全州畜棚总面积的 19% [1] 。海北州 1994年修建塑膜暖棚羊舍 3 847座 ,建筑面积达 5 0 68万m2 ,暖棚内养羊 177 5 1…     

采用塑膜暖棚对提高冬繁母兔生产性能的效果试验

冬季由于外界天气寒冷气温低，致使繁殖母兔性欲差、情期持续时间短、排卵少、受胎率低、产仔少；仔兔增重慢，死亡率高，从而严重制约冬繁母兔经济效益的进一步提高。为了给繁殖母兔提供和创造一个 15℃～ 25℃最适宜的生活环境，笔者在近年来推广塑膜暖棚养鸡、养猪取得成功经验的基础上，又于 1997年 11月～ 1998年 1月间，对冬繁母兔进行了塑膜暖棚饲养方式的效果对比试验研究，并取得了可喜的试验结果，为介绍这一作法，现将该试验情况总结报告如下。 1材料与方法 1.1简易塑膜暖棚兔舍的搭建：兔棚选择座北向南、背风向阳的地方。先用…     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Scrapie in goats in Cyprus

Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.