A quantifiable behavioral correlate of psychotogen and tranquilizer actions

A representative psychotogen, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25), in doses small enough to be devoid of gross effects, increases response latency in rats to a tone indicating the availability of water reward; this effect is greatly reduced by prophylactic administration of a representative phenothiazine tranquilizer, chlorpromazine (CPZ), in doses that per se do not affect performance. The nature of the chlorpromazine action and its competition with lysergic acid diethylamide is revealed by the effects of chlorpromazine in larger doses.     

Chlorpromazine and its metabolites alter polymerization and gelation of actin

Hepatic hydroxylated metabolites of chlorpromazine (10(-5)M to 10(-4)M), a frequently used phenothiazine tranquilizer, produce solid gel formation with filamentous actin, but the less toxic chlorpromazine sulfoxide metabolite does not. At higher concentrations (5 x 10(-4)M) chlorpromazine inhibits actin polymerization. These dose-response relationships parallel the drug's hepatic toxicity in vivo and suggest that interactions between chloropromazine or chlorpromazine metabolites and actin could be an underlying mechanism of cell injury.     

Maternal behavior in the domestic cock under the influence of alcohol

When normal male domestic chickens were given a single dose of grain alcohol and then exposed to newly hatched chicks, they, assumed maternal behavior. The same behavior can be elicited by the admniinistration of prolactin, but the results of these experimens suggest that maternal behavior in tlhe cock is not excliusively dependent on hormonal mechanisms.     

沙冬青种子总生物碱对小鼠的亚急性毒性试验

为了检测沙冬青种子总生物碱的毒性,进行了小鼠亚急性毒性试验.试验设高、中、低3个剂量组和1个空白对照组,试验组每天按照剂量用金属胃导管灌服沙冬青生物碱提取物,连续28d,空白对照组自由采食饮水.每天观察各组小鼠的饮水、食欲、精神状态,测定小鼠体质量、生理生化指标的变化.试验结束后进行剖检,观察组织器官及其组织学变化.结果显示:沙冬青总生物碱低剂量组对小鼠的行为、饮水、采食、主要组织器官形态结构及血液生化指标等均无明显影响,沙冬青种子总生物碱对小鼠安全无毒副用的剂量为14.72mg/kg.     

l-Dgr9-trans-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Pigeons: Tolerance to the Behavioral Effects

Delta(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol was injected daily, in increasing doses, in pigeons under a multiple schedule of food presentation. Within a week, a dose that initially abolished responding completely was without effect. This dose was gradually increased to 20 times its original value without disrupting the behavior. No withdrawal syndrome was detected when the cannabinol was discontinued.     

重组猪α干扰素急性毒性研究

［目的］研究小白鼠体内重组猪α干扰素急性毒性反应,为临床安全用药提供依据。［方法］依据急性毒性实验原则,将小白鼠分为2大组：腹腔注射组和肌肉注射组,每组又分高、中、低3个剂量组,同时设正常对照组。给药后14 d内连续观察小鼠行为活动等指标和毒性反应程度,取血作血液学检查和生化检查,以获得重组猪α干扰素初步毒性资料,并在实验结束时处死小白鼠进行剖检。［结果］各组小鼠外部表现及行为特征均正常,体温和体重的变化也在正常范围之内,内脏病理解剖无器官病变情况,血液、生化指标与正常对照组无明显差异。［结论］该实验设定的猪α干扰素最高剂量（5.0×10^5 IU/只）及其以下剂量,均对小白鼠无明显毒性作用,在临床上应用重组猪α干扰素是安全的。     

中草药添加剂应激安的免疫药理试验报告

利用黄芪、枣仁等药物,依常规方法煎煮,制成100%(g/mL)应激安煎液.健康昆明种小白鼠体重18～22g,雌雄均用,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组每鼠每日灌应激安煎液0.5mL,对照组每鼠每日灌生理盐水0.5mL,连续7d.停药次日检测吞噬百分率、吞噬指数、ANAE~ 细胞(T细胞)比率和HC_(50).检测结果表明,应激安能显著提高腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能(P<0.01),明显增加外周血液中T淋巴细胞数量(P<0.05),并提高血清抗体水平(P<0.01).结论认为,应激安能明显增强机体非特异性免疫功能和特异性免疫功能.     

乙腈溶液中黄曲霉毒素B1的电子束辐射降解行为的研究

为了研究复杂食品体系中黄曲霉毒素B1的降解行为,以黄曲霉毒素B1为研究对象,以乙腈为简单溶剂系统模型,利用高效液相色谱法,对辐照前后黄曲霉毒素B1进行定量,研究不同辐照剂量、不同毒素初始浓度等因素对黄曲霉毒素B1电子束辐射降解效果的影响。结果表明:电子束辐射能够有效地去除乙腈溶液中的黄曲霉毒素B1。在实验范围内,随着辐照剂量、初始浓度的增加,黄曲霉毒素B1的降解率增加。     

基于文献数据探析古代男性不育症用药特点

目的 通过整理、分析古代文献中古代医家治疗男性不育症所用方药,探讨古代治疗男性不育症用药特点。方法 收集古代文献治疗男性不育相关方剂93首,把方剂中所用中药录入Excel表格,进行频数频率统计,对高频次药物功效、归经的分布进行统计分析。结果 93首方剂共215味药物,药物的临床功效共20种;古代男性不育症的病机以虚证为主;其中使用频数在前22位的药物功效主要是补虚药、温里药、收涩药、利水渗湿药、安神药、活血化瘀药、攻毒杀虫止痒药、清热药,入肾药物占91.0%。结论 古代治疗男性不育症用药特点是以补虚药为主,同时攻补兼施、寒热并用、表里兼顾,注重调和阴阳气血平衡及补肾益精。     

低能离子束辐照对小麦萌发及幼苗活力的影响

以鉴 5 4、豫农 1 1 8及豫麦 1 8号为材料 ,研究了不同剂量率、剂量离子注入对小麦种子出苗率及其幼苗活力指数的影响。结果发现 :随着剂量率和剂量的增加 ,小麦的出苗率逐渐降低。剂量率间差异显著 ,品种间有辐射敏感性差异。 1mA剂量率条件下幼苗活力指数增加 ,表现为刺激效应 ,2mA、3mA剂量率条件下幼苗活力指数随着剂量的增加逐渐下降 ,表现为辐射损伤。     

12.5%稀禾定机油乳油在甜菜上的残留动态研究

用紫外分光光度法测定了１２．５％稀禾定机油乳油在甜菜上的残留动态，研究结果表明，稀禾定在甜菜及土壤中降解很快，在甜菜茎叶中半衰期为２．６－４．０ｈ，在土壤半衰期为２．２－５．８ｈ．收获时甜菜叶，块根及土壤稀禾定残留量均低于０．０５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

Do large-scale farmers use more pesticides? Empirical evidence from rice farmers in five Chinese provinces

It is of great theoretical and practical significance to understand the rules of the differences in pesticide use behaviors between large-scale and small-scale farmers, so as to regulate the behavior of farmers differently and improve the quality and safety of rice. The overall pesticide use behavior of large-scale farmers was characterized by large doses and high application frequency, while that of small-scale farmers was characterized by small doses and low application frequency. The econometric test showed that (i) the proportion of staple food ration has a significant negative impact on the single dose exceeding the standard and pesticide application frequency of small-scale farmers, and the increase of the proportion of staple food ration will reduce the demand among small-scale farmers for pesticides; (ii) yield effect has a greater impact on the frequency of pesticide application by large-scale farmers, and the large yield effect will increase the frequency of pesticide application among large-scale farmers. Therefore, in pesticide use behaviors, large-scale farmers should reduce pesticide quantity and increase efficiency, while small-scale farmers improve the level of plant protection.     

Fenfluramine: amphetamine congener that fails to maintain drug-taking behavior in the rhesus monkey

Fenfluramine, over a dose range from 0.003 to 3 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, failed to maintain self-injection behavior in rhesus monkeys that had initiated and maintained responding for cocaine or methohexital. This absence of a positive reinforcing effect could not be attributed to a slow onset of drug effect or to the use of behaviorally inactive doses. Fenfluramine, because of its distinctive properties, may produce fewer problems of human abuse than do amphetamine-type agents.     

抗生素对梨离体叶片不定芽再生的影响

以沙梨‘金花’和西洋梨‘丰产’两个品种的无菌苗幼叶为试材，研究了卡那霉素、头孢霉素和羧苄青霉素对梨离体叶片不定芽再生的影响。用新梢顶端1～3节新展开的叫‘片制备外植体，分别接种在NN69 BA5mg／L NAA0．3mg／L CH300mg／L的培养墓上，附加不同浓度的抗生素，黑暗处理20d，结果表明：500mg／L的浓度下，头孢霉素完全抑制供试品种叶片的再生；400mg／L的浓度下，羧苄青霉素完全抑制供试品种叶片的再生。丰产和金花对卡那霉素均敏感，5mg／L就极显著的抑制不定芽再生；10mg／L时不定芽不能正常生长，白化死亡，同浓度下供试品种不能分化不定根。     

活性炭纤维对水中3，4-二氯苯胺的吸附行为

通过静态吸附实验和动态吸附实验,研究了pH值、电解质(NaCl)、活性炭纤维用量等因素对用棉花秸秆制备的活性炭纤维吸附水中3,4-二氯苯胺的影响,同时从动力学和热力学角度考察了活性炭纤维对3,4-二氧苯胺的吸附行为.结果表明,棉花秸秆制备的活性炭纤维可以有效地吸附3,4-二氯苯胺,电解质(NaCl)的存在对吸附有抑制作用;准二级动力学模型能够很好地描述3,4-二氯苯胺在活性炭纤维上的吸附行为;吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,吸附行为是一个自发放热的物理吸附过程.     

复方伊维菌素乳液的毒性试验研究

观察复方伊维菌素乳液的急性、亚急性毒性。在急性毒性试验中,复方伊维菌素乳液按1.5、3、6和12mL·kg-1剂量,一次性给大白鼠灌胃;在亚急性毒性试验中,按0.2、0.4和0.6mL·kg-1剂量,连续灌胃给药大白鼠14d。结果表明,LD50的平均可信限为4.241±1.518mL·kg-1。在亚急性毒性试验中,除高剂量组有部分大白鼠粪便变软,食欲稍降低,白细胞数降低外,给药组鼠的行为活动、体重、血液检查及肝、肾功能以及病理学变化等,与对照组比较皆无显著性差异。结果表明,复方伊维菌素乳液是一种毒性弱、反应小,安全的口服驱虫药。     

棉铃虫成虫对几种植物挥发物的触角电位反应

测定了棉铃虫(Helicoverpaarmigera)雌蛾对几种植物挥发物的触角电位反应。结果表明 ,柠檬醛、苯乙醛、β -石竹烯和石竹烯氧化物均能引起棉铃虫雌蛾产生显著的触角电位反应 ,但以柠檬醛引起的反应最强 ;棉铃虫雌蛾对茴香醛不产生显著的反应 ;桉叶素能屏蔽棉铃虫雌蛾对气味的反应。棉铃虫雌蛾对苯乙醛的触角电位反应强度与苯乙醛的剂量成正相关 ,对 β -石竹烯的反应强度与剂量无相关性。讨论了这些化合物在棉铃虫防治中的应用     

Support system for efficient dosage of orchard and vineyard spraying products

This paper establishes a system to support the dose evaluation part of the pesticide registration process so that growers can make more efficient use of different spraying products across a broad range of European orchards and vineyards. The system comprises: a dose adjustment model and a small database of standard target structures (i.e., regional exemplars where efficient and efficacious use of pesticide is obtained at the label dose rate). The model includes a generalised scaling group relationship between the parameters that describe: sprayer output, target row structure and spray volume deposit. The upper limit for dose adjustment is based on the environmental fate of pesticide and this is represented in the model by the ratio of maximum ground area dose rate to minimum efficacious deposit which is normalised for alignment with target structure measurements. The model is used to examine the leaf-wall-area dose rate recently proposed by the European agrochemical manufacturing industry for harmonising pesticide registration. Good agreement is demonstrated between published measurements and model predictions of ground area and leaf-wall-area dose rate variation at constant deposit for a wide range of target structures (i.e., English pome- and stone-fruit orchards and Italian vineyards). The results are used to establish standard target structures for spraying products with different uses. These standards are needed by regulators to: translate between the different methods of expressing dose rate and improve the accuracy of label dose recommendations. The standards are also needed by growers to enable: more accurate calibration of spraying equipment and prediction of the optimum adjustment of label dose rate for different orchards and vineyards.     

嘧菌·己唑醇对水稻纹枯病室内抑菌活性与田间防治效果

室内毒力测定结果表明:嘧菌酯与己唑醇以2∶3、1∶2、1∶3配比均可,其中嘧菌酯与己唑醇以1∶2复配的制剂EC50为0.00791μg/mL,SR50为1.55。田间防效试验表明:24%嘧菌.己唑醇SC 375 mL/hm2、450 mL/hm2与24%噻呋酰胺SC 360mL/hm2,三处理之间差异不显著,但均与24%嘧菌·己唑醇SC 300 mL/hm2、10%己唑醇SC 750 mL/hm2、250 g/L嘧菌酯SC375 mL/hm2差异显著或极显著。24%嘧菌·己唑醇SC 375～450 mL/hm2(推荐用量)与24%噻呋酰胺SC 360 mL/hm2的防效相当,但成本低,性价比高,同时能兼治稻曲病、稻瘟病,达到一药多治效果,对水稻生育安全,无药害,且能使水稻叶片增绿,增强生长势等作用。     

3种药物驱除羊寄生线虫的效果观察

用左旋咪唑、丙硫苯咪唑、灭虫丁注射液等3种驱虫药对绵羊的消化道线虫进行驱虫效果观察，15mg／kg的左旋咪唑和15Hk／kg的丙硫苯咪唑一次性口服，其虫卵转阴率为100％。0．02ml/kg灭虫丁注射液皮下注射，虫卵减少率为98．8％。为今后羊的寄生虫病防治工作中提供了依据。