Rhodizite: structure and composition

The mineral rhodizite could not be assigned a chemical formula on the basis of chemical analyses. The solution of the crystal structure reported here reveals that CsB(12)Be(4)Al(4)O(28) is the ideal formula. The oxygen atoms occupy all but four sites per cell of cubic close packing whose period is (1/2)a. The boron, beryllium, and aluminum atoms occupy interstices of this array, the first two in tetrahedral coordination, the last in octahedral coordination. Together these atoms form a continuous network whose composition is B(12)Be(4)Al(4)O(28), which should be neutral. The alkali atom is enclosed in a cage in this network and presumably is not behaving as an ion.     

Spectroscopic evidence for pressure-induced coordination changes in silicate glasses and melts

Infrared spectra demonstrate that at pressures above 20 gigapascals and room temperature the regular tetrahedral coordination of oxygen around both silicon and aluminum ions is severely disrupted in SiO(2), CaMgSi(2)O(6), and CaAlSi(2)O(8) composition glasses. The spectra are consistent with gradual, pressure-induced increases in the coordination numbers of silicon and aluminum. A variety of coordination environments, from sixfold to fourfold, appears to be present at pressures as high as about 40 gigapascals. This apparent change in coordination is not quenchable at room temperature: on decompression, the glasses return to tetrahedral coordination. This continuous and reversible coordination change in amorphous silicates explains the lack of observation of coordination changes in silicate glasses quenched from high pressure, the shallow melting slopes observed for mantle silicates at high pressures, and the possible presence of neutrally buoyant magmas deep within the terrestrial planets.     

Glass formation at the limit of insufficient network formers

Inorganic glasses normally exhibit a network of interconnected, covalent-bonded, structural elements that has no long-range order. In silicate glasses, the network formers are based on SiO4 tetrahedra interconnected through oxygen atoms at the corners. Conventional wisdom implies that alkaline and alkaline-earth orthosilicate materials cannot be vitrified, because they do not contain sufficient network-forming SiO2 to establish the needed interconnectivity. We studied a bulk magnesium orthosilicate glass obtained by containerless melting and cooling. We found that the role of network former was largely taken on by corner and edge sharing of highly distorted, ionic Mg-O species that adopt 4-, 5-, and 6-coordination with oxygen. The results suggest that similar glassy phases may be found in the containerless environment of interstellar space.     

彩棉三个品种的核型对比分析

采用常规压片法对滨彩2号(浅棕色)、99-55(深棕色)和滨绿1号(绿色)的染色体数目和核型进行了研究,得出结论:滨彩2号的染色体数目为2n=4x=52,核型公式为:k(2n)=4x=52=22m 18sm(2SAT) 12st,属于"2B"类型.染色体相对长度组成为2n=4x=52=10L 16M2 14M1 12S;99-55染色体数目为2n=4x=52,核型公式为:k(2n)=4x=52=26m(2SAT) 22sm 4st,属于"2B"类型.染色体相对长度组成为2n=4x=52=12L 10M2 22M1 8S;滨绿1号的染色体数目为2n=4x=52,核型公式为:k(2n)=4x=52=40m 12sm(2SAT),属于"1B"类型.染色体相对长度组成为2n=4x=52=8L 16M2 18M1 10s.     

羊柴等四种沙生灌木的核型研究

本文对羊柴等四种沙生饲用灌木的染色体数目及核型进行研究。结果表明：羊柴核型为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝１６ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）；花棒核型为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝１６ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）；柠条为２ｎ＝＝２ｘ＝１６＝１６ｍ；红皮沙拐枣为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３８＝２Ｍ＋４ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋２２ＴＴ。     

三七的染色体核型分析

三七染色体的核型分析结果表明:体细胞染色体数目为2n=24,核型公式为K(2n)=2x=24=24 m,属于“1B”型,全部都属于中部着丝粒染色体,核型为对称型。     

粤北山区柰李测土配方施肥技术指标体系研究

在不同地点、不同肥力的果园,设置柰李肥料试验,对施肥量、土壤有效养分含量(碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾)和柰李相对产量等试验数据进行相关统计分析,并求取相应的回归方程,建立合适的数学模型,以此初步建立粤北山区柰李土壤有效养分丰缺指标和不同肥力土壤的推荐施肥量指标。结果表明:柰李的碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾丰缺指标的数学模型分别为:y(相对产量)=37.334 ln(x)-89.905(R2=0.549 2,n=15)、y(相对产量)=11.149 ln(x)+37.141(R2=0.915 7,n=15)、y(相对产量)=32.779 ln(x)-65.621(R2=0.902,n=15)。柰李的推荐施氮、磷、钾肥总量数学模型分别为:y=-18.763 ln(x)+98.391(R2=0.669 9,n=15)、y=-2.611 2 ln(x)+16.07(R2=0.767 1,n=15)、y=-15.601 ln(x)+83.701(R2=0.750 9,n=15)。并根据推荐施肥量数学模型计算出粤北山区柰李不同土壤有效养分含量的推荐施肥总量。当土壤碱解氮含量分别为:<42.41、42.41~82.84、82.84~114.56、>114.56 mg/kg时,推荐的总施氮量分别为:>28.08、15.52~28.08、9.43~15.52、<9.43 kg/667 m2;当土壤有效磷含量为:<3.17、3.17~29.84、29.84~179.40、>179.40 mg/kg时,推荐的总施磷量分别为:>13.06、7.21~13.06、2.52~7.21、<2.52 kg/667 m2;当土壤速效钾含量分别为:<34.03、34.03~72.96、72.96~134.30、>134.30 mg/kg时,推荐的总施钾量分别为:>28.67、16.77~28.67、7.25~16.77、<7.25 kg/667 m2。     

毛百合×布鲁拉诺杂交后代核型研究

利用染色体常规压片法,对毛百合(2n=2x=24)×布鲁拉诺(2n=4x=48)杂交后代核型进行了研究。结果表明：杂交后代MB70-48染色体数为2n=2x=24,而MB70-30、MB72-6、MB71-5染色体数为2n=3x=36。毛百合核型公式为2n=2x=24=2m+4sm+12st+6t,布鲁拉诺核型公式为2...     

贵州优良草种苇状羊茅规范化栽培施肥试验

2003~2004年采用二次通用旋转组合设计研究了氮、磷、钾不同施用水平对苇状羊茅鲜草产量的影响,获得优化回归模型为y=3426．86 623．07x1 220．75x3;主效应分析表明,增施氮、钾肥的增产效果十分明显,而增施磷肥的作用很小。经模拟寻优,获得年产鲜草4 864kg／667m2的施肥方案为每667m2施纯N 50kg、纯K2O 55kg。     

几种茄科蔬菜的核型分析和比较

对牛角辣椒‘绿龙9号’,朝天椒‘天鹰’,小果番茄‘绿玛瑙’,圆形茄‘快青’,野生茄‘红刺茄’和‘托鲁巴姆’的染色体核型进行了分析和比较。结果表明:染色体数均为2n=2x=24,且均具有1对带随体的染色体;染色体长度茄子约在3～5μm、辣椒约在5～7μm、番茄约在2～4μm;辣椒‘绿龙9号’和‘天鹰’的核型公式分别为2n=2x=24=18m+4sm(2SAT)+2st和2n=2x=24=18m(2SAT)+6sm,核型类别分属2B和2A;番茄‘绿玛瑙’的核型公式为2n=2x=24=14m(2SAT)+8sm+2st,核型类别属2C;茄子‘快青’的核型公式为2n=2x=24=20m+4sm(2SAT),核型类别属2A;野生茄‘红刺茄’和‘托鲁巴姆’的核型公式分别为2n=2x=24=20m(2SAT)+4sm和2n=2x=24=22m(2SAT)+2sm,核型类别分属2A和1A。     

双低核不育杂交油菜黔油28号配套高产栽培措施的模拟优化

为了给黔油28号新品种的推广应用提供参考,采用4因子5水平通用旋转回归设计研究了氮、磷、钾及密度栽培因子对产量的影响。结果表明:4个因子对黔油28号产量影响的大小顺序为x1(尿素)>x4(密度)>x2(过磷酸钙)>x3(氯化钾),该品种产量达210kg/667m2以上的优化栽培措施为尿素40.28～44.34kg/667m2、过磷酸钙61.4～70.68kg/667m2、氯化钾26.34～33.66kg/667m2、密度6 920～7 530株/667m2。     

3种补血草属植物的核型分析

采用常规压片法对二色补血草(Limonium bicolor)、杂种补血草(Limonium latifolium)、深波叶补血草(Limonium sinuatum)的染色体数目及核型进行了研究。结果表明:3种补血草属植物均为二倍体,染色体数目分别为2n=16、18、16;核型类型分别为2B、1B、2B型;核型公式分别为2n=2x=16=14m+2sm、2n=2x=18=18m、2n=2x=16=12m+4sm;核型不对称系数分别为56.12%,56.72%,58.47%。     

Djurleite (Cu1.94S) and Low Chalcocite (Cu2S): New Crystal Structure Studies

Additional x-ray structure studies on low chalcocite generally confirm the previously reported structure but show that either disorder is present or the true space group is not P2(1)/c but Pc, four of the 96 copper atoms in the monoclinic unit cell taking on twofold (linear) coordination. The crystal structure of djurleite has been solved in space group P2(1)/n, the monoclinic cell having parameters a = 26.897, b = 15.745, and c = 13.565 angstroms; beta = 90.13 degrees ; and a content of 248 copper and 128 sulfur atoms. Of the 62 different copper atoms in the structure, 52 are in threefold, triangular coordination with sulfur, nine in tetrahedral, and one in linear coordination.     

上农香、黑糯等品种及其杂交后代选系的染色体核型分析

本文采用经改良的常规制片法，对上农香糯、上农黑糯０７、太湖糯、铁桂丰四个品种及其杂交后代选系进行染色体核型分析。试验表明，它们的体细胞染色体核型，都是２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２４，但核型形式略有不同。按臂比值而定的着丝点位置有两种类型，即中央着丝点（ｍ）染色体和近中着丝点（ｓｍ）染色体，因此它们均为对称染色体核型。１２对同源染色体中，有一对是随体染色体。     

Estimation of Genetic Effect for 2N Pollen Producing Diploid Hybrids

Three 2x clones with 2n pollen production,BPH32-2,BPH32-5 and W5295,7,were each mated with three 4x cultivars,Raritan,Superior and Trent,in an incomplete diallel cross design.Estimates of various heritability for tuber yield per plant are that hm^2 is 37.20%,hf^2 16.30%,hB^2 76.70% and hN^2 53.40%.Estimates of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) are 69.60% and 30.30%,respectively.The results suggest that additive effect of genes for tuber yield is obvious.The 2n pollen producing diploid hybrids have good breeding values for yield,earliness and starch content.     

培育刺玫月季新品种的初步研究(Ⅱ)——刺玫月季育种中的染色体观察

本文报道了在刺玫月季育种中使用的6个亲本和4个F_1代杂种的染色体数目和核型。染色体数目及形态,亲本报春刺玫2n=2x=14=14m,单瓣黄刺玫2n=2x=14=14m,黄蔷薇2n=4x=28=28m,‘粉后’2n=4x=28=20m+8sm,‘秋水芙蓉’2n=4x=28=24m+4sm,‘丹凤朝阳’2n=4x=28=28m(2SAT);杂交种8401(报春刺玫ב早霞’)2n=2x=14=12m+2sm,8601(‘粉后’×黄蔷薇)2n=4x=28=28m,8703(‘丹风朝阳’×报春刺玫)2n=4x=28=28m,8706(‘秋水芙蓉’×报春刺玫)2n=3x=21=15m+6sm。核型均为1A型。文中讨论了与刺玫月季育种有关的细胞遗传学问题。     

桉树枝瘿姬小蜂虫瘿空间格局及其抽样技术研究

应用频次分布法、聚集度指标法和回归模型分析法对桉树枝瘿姬小蜂虫瘿在桉树林间的空间格局进行了测定。结果表明,桉树枝瘿姬小蜂虫瘿在林间呈聚集分布,分布的基本成分为个体群,其聚集原因主要是由本身的生物学特性与环境的差异性因素综合影响所致。同时,应用Iwao M*-M回归模型中的2个参数α、β的值,建立了理论抽样数模型N=t2(1.474 0/x+0.105 4)/D2和序贯抽样模型Tn=nm0±(n[1.474 0m0+0.105]4m02)～(1/2),并计算了林间调查的理论抽样数,列出了序贯抽样分析表,旨在为揭示该虫的生态学特性和种群消长趋势,提高虫情调查及预测预报的准确率和制订防治策略提供理论依据。     

渥丹百合不同居群核型研究

采用染色体常规压片的方法,对渥丹百合(Lilium.concolorSalisb.)4个居群进行了染色体核型分析,结果表明,有斑百合BH27(L.concolorvar.buschianumBaker.)和有斑百合BH41(L.concolorvar.buschianumBaker.)核型分别为2n=2x=4m(2SAT) 4st 16t(2SAT)和2n=2x=4m(4SAT) 12st 8t(4SAT),黄花渥丹BH20(L.concolorvar.concolorf.coridionKitag.)核型为2n=2x=4m(4SAT) 4st 16t(4SAT),大花百合BH50(L.concolorvar.megalanthumWangetTang)核型为2n=2x=4m(4SAT) 6st(2SAT) 14t(4SAT);其核型分类都属于3B型,但结构变异明显,主要表现在染色体相对长度、臂比、次缢痕数目及分布。     

抱子甘蓝和羽衣甘蓝的核型分析

以抱子甘蓝和羽衣甘蓝为材料,采用常规压片法进行核型分析,结果表明:抱子甘蓝的核型公式为2n=2x=18=10+8sm(2SAT),其中第3、4、5、6、8对为中着丝粒染色体,第1、2、7、9对为近中着丝粒染色体,第7对染色体具有随体;相对长度组成为2n=2L+6M2+10M1;核型分类为2A型,属于基本对称型。羽衣甘蓝的核型公式为,2n=2x=18=10m+8sm,其中第3、4、6、7、8对为中着丝粒染色体,第1、2、5、9对为近中着丝粒染色体,未观察到随体染色体;染色体相对长度组成为2n=8M2+10M1;核型分类为2A型,属于基本对称型。     

Divergent nematic susceptibility in an iron arsenide superconductor

Within the Landau paradigm of continuous phase transitions, ordered states of matter are characterized by a broken symmetry. Although the broken symmetry is usually evident, determining the driving force behind the phase transition can be complicated by coupling between distinct order parameters. We show how measurement of the divergent nematic susceptibility of the iron pnictide superconductor Ba(Fe(1-x)Co(x))(2)As(2) distinguishes an electronic nematic phase transition from a simple ferroelastic distortion. These measurements also indicate an electronic nematic quantum phase transition near the composition with optimal superconducting transition temperature.