共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
2.
在三江平原上,测定 42 个小区中玉米、大豆、小麦籽实 Fe、Mn、Cu 和 Zn 含量和土壤中各形态 Fe、Mn、Cu 和Zn含量.通过相关分析和通径分析,探讨了土壤中各形态Fe、Mn、Cu 和 Zn 的生物有效性,旨在为该地区合理施用微量元素提供科学依据.试验结果表明,玉米、大豆和小麦籽实含 Fe、Mn、Cu 和 Zn 量与土壤中有效态和交换态 Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn含量呈显著或极显著正相关.有机态 Fe、Mn、Cu 和 Zn含量与玉米、大豆和小麦籽实Fe、Mn、Cu 和 Zn含量也有很好的相关关系.交换态对有效态 Fe、Mn、Cu 和 Zn 影响最大,其次是有机质结合态.铁锰氧化物结合态 Fe、Cu 对有效态 Fe、Cu 及碳酸盐结合态 Mn、Zn 对有效态 Mn、Zn 具有一定正效应.而残留态 Fe、Cu 对有效态 Fe、Cu 和铁锰氧化物结合态 Mn 对有效态 Mn 产生负效应. 相似文献
3.
本文对甘肃省主要农业土壤中Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe的形态及其有效性进行了研究。结果表明,供试土壤的全Cu含量范围为22-24mg/kg,全Mn为542-772mg/kg,全Fe为35685-38355mg/kg。四种元素均以灌漠土的含量最低,褐土最高。土壤中Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe的大部分以残留矿物态和氧化铁结合态存在。生物试验和统计分析表明,Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe的交换态和松结有机态对植物最为有效, 相似文献
4.
氧化/磺化腐殖酸对潮土中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn有效性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
5.
A rhizobox experiment was conducted to compare iron (Fe) oxidation and changes of pH, redox potential (Eh) and fractions of zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of four emergent-rooted wetland plants (Echinodorus macrophyllus, Eleocharis geniculata, Hydrocotyle vulgaris and Veronica serpyllifolia) with different radial oxygen loss (ROL) from roots. The results indicated that all these wetland plants decreased pH and concentration of Fe(Ⅱ) but increased the Eh in the rhizosphere soils. Pb and Zn were transformed from unstable fractions to more stable fractions in the rhizosphere soils, so decreasing their potential metal mobility factors (MF). Among the four plants, E. macrophyllus, with the highest ROL and root biomass, possessed the greatest ability in formation of Fe plaque and in the reduction of heavy metal MFs in the rhizosphere soil. Wetland plants, with higher ROLs and root biomass, may thus be effective in decreasing potential long-term heavy metal bioavailabilities. 相似文献
6.
黄土高原地区长期施用微肥土壤Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe含量的时空变化 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
以19年微肥定位试验为基础,研究了长期施用微肥条件下冬小麦土壤Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe含量的时空变化。结果表明,长期施用微肥能增加土壤耕层相应微量元素含量,施铜肥的土壤耕层有效Cu含量增加5倍以上;施锌肥的土壤耕层有效Zn含量增加3.58倍。从剖面变化看,不同处理土壤有效Cu的变化趋势一致,且耕层以下各土层有效Cu含量低于耕层,土壤有效Zn的变化趋势与之相似;土壤有效Mn在80cm土层含量较高,80cm以上以及下面的土层中Mn含量明显低于80cm土层,在土壤剖面上有效Mn存在淋溶和累积现象。施用不同微肥对土壤有效Fe含量的影响各不相同。 相似文献
7.
利用自制的Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd污染的灰潮土和黄泥土,通过室内培养实验研究了不同绿化植物废弃物添加量和不同培养时间对这两种污染土壤中这4种重金属形态的影响。结果表明,绿化植物废弃物的加入抑制了Cu的活化,且添加60%绿化植物废弃物时有机结合态Cu的含量最高;绿化植物废弃物与污染土培养2~3个月时,残余态Zn的含量最高,对植物的毒害最小;绿化植物废弃物添加量为60%时灰潮土中有效态Pb含量较低,而添加量为30%时黄泥土中有效态Pb含量最低;绿化植物废弃物添加量的多少对灰潮土Cd形态的影响较小,但黄泥土中的Cd则随绿化植物废弃物量的增加活性逐渐减弱,且两种土壤均在培养2~3个月时可交换态Cd的含量最低。 相似文献
8.
小麦籽粒Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu含量的基因型和环境差异及与产量关系的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
小麦籽粒中微量营养元素含量的高低直接关系到植株的生长发育和人们的饮食健康。本研究以来自河南省5个地区的17个小麦品种(系)为材料,采用酸消解-原子吸收分光光度法测定了籽粒中Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu含量,分析了籽粒微量元素含量的基因型和环境差异及其与产量性状的相关关系。结果表明,小麦籽粒Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu含量分别为38.39±12.57μg·g-1、79.13±49.45μg·g-1、35.24±11.72μg·g-1和4.84±0.78μg·g-1,籽粒Fe含量的变异系数最大,Cu含量的变异系数最小。方差分析表明,基因型、环境以及基因型与环境的互作对籽粒微量元素含量的影响均达极显著水平。对于籽粒Zn、Mn、Cu含量,环境因素的影响起主要作用;对于籽粒Fe含量,基因型与环境互作的影响是主要的。依照Eberhart-Russell模型分析了籽粒微量元素含量的品种稳定性,结果表明籽粒微量元素含量相对稳定的品种,其含量通常较低;在参试17个品种中,"濮99084"籽粒微量元素含量的环境稳定性较高。相关分析表明,籽粒微量元素含量与蛋白质含量呈遗传正相关,与千粒重呈遗传负相关,与产量呈表型正相关,表明同步提高籽粒微量元素含量、蛋白质含量及籽粒产量是可行的。 相似文献
9.
长期施肥对塿土硝态氮分布、累积和移动的影响 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
利用 18年长期定位试验研究了冬小麦 夏玉米轮作制度下 ,有机 无机肥配合施用对土剖面NO3-N的分布累积和阶段性移动的影响。结果表明 ,土壤剖面中NO3-N的总量与氮肥施用量直接相关 ,而作物对化肥氮的利用率与施肥量呈相反趋势。低氮处理 (75kg/hm2)及其与有机肥配合施用 ,NO3-N主要累积在 0~100cm土层内 ;高氮处理 (120kg/km2)及其与有机肥配合施用 ,NO3-N在剖面出现 2个累积峰 ,且在400cm土层处NO3-N的含量接近或超过 10mg/kg。适宜的氮肥用量、施用有机肥及合理的有机 无机肥料配比是减少NO3-N在土壤剖面中的累积和淋失的有效措施 相似文献
10.
灌溉与旱作条件下长期施肥塿土剖面磷的分布和移动 总被引:9,自引:4,他引:9
利用12年长期定位试验研究了灌溉和旱作条件下不同施肥处理对土土壤剖面全磷与有效磷(Olsen-P)分布和移动的影响。结果表明,土施磷后主要累积在耕层,极大地提高了0—20cm土层全磷与Olsen-P含量。旱作条件下,施用磷肥或化肥配施有机肥提高了100cm以上土体全磷与Olsen-P含量;而化肥配合有机肥,Olsen-P含量在100—300cm土壤剖面中都高于对照(不施肥)和化肥处理。灌溉条件下,与旱作有相同趋势,但磷钾、有机肥配施氮磷钾处理,全磷和Olsen-P不仅在0—300cm剖面中高于对照和氮磷钾处理,而且也高于旱作条件下的相同处理。土上存在磷素的淋失。 相似文献
11.
Determinate soybean [Glyclne max (L.) Merr.] has been characterized by few detailed micronutrlent partitioning studies. Knowledge of the variation in mlcronutrient concentrations with plant part, nodal position, and plant age is needed for a better understanding of plant functions. In this field study, ‘Bragg’ soybean were grown on an Aquic Paleudult soil (Series Goldsboro loamy sand). Plants were sampled at 10–14 day intervals beginning 44 days after planting (July 7) until harvest. Maximum observed Fe concentrations were 152, 276, 259, and 191 ppm for stem internodes, petioles (+ branches), leaf blades, and pods, respectively. Maximum observed Zn concentrations were 118, 91, 95, and 112 ppm for the same respective plant parts. Maximum observed Mn concentrations were 41, 73, 134, and 63 ppm for the same respective plant parts. Nodal and temporal mean concentra tlons of Fe, Zn, and Mn generally varied considerably due to plant age and nodal position, respectively, in all plant parts. These data document that for plant analysis, mean concentrations of elements in all four plant parts can vary by several fold depending upon plant age and nodal composition of the sample. Regression equations and associated response surfaces will be extremely useful in the development of accurate plant growth models which describe Fe, Zn, and Mn concentrations and translocations among parts of determinate soybean. 相似文献
12.
Calcium in conventional lime (CL) moves downward extremely slowly into the soil in the short term. To monitor the effects of using nanoparticulate lime (NL) in low affordable doses and in large doses on accelerating the downward movement of Ca in a simulated plough layer profile (0–25 cm), we ran a column leaching experiment with an acid soil with NL applied into the top 5 cm. The experiment evaluated a reference treatment (0 NL), three low doses of NL (8, 40 and 80 kg ha?1 = 0.02×, 0.1×, and 0.2× the NL needed to raise soil pH to 6.0 in the top 5 cm: NLRpH‐6), and two large doses (400 and 800 kg ha?1 = 1× and 2× NLRpH‐6). Over the short term (70 days), NL accelerated the downward movement of Ca, likely by mass flow of nanoparticles down soil micro‐ and macropores. Applying NL to the top 5 cm at 40 and 80 kg ha?1 was effective at increasing the downward movement of Ca and the neutralization of soil acidity (in terms of pH) to 20 cm depth, as well as rectifying Al toxicity (in terms of exchangeable Al) to ≤ the critical limit to 10 cm. NL at 80 kg ha?1 was most economically justified in terms of rectifying Al toxicity throughout the profile. Therefore, NL may introduce new and alternative application strategy that allowing lower rates of lime to be used and thereby offset economic constraints posed by high application rates. 相似文献
13.
长期定位施肥对土壤铁、锰形态及剖面分布的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文采用改进的BCR连续提取法,对沈阳农业大学棕壤肥料长期定位试验地31年不同施肥处理土壤铁和锰含量变化及其剖面变异规律进行研究。结果表明:与试验前相比,耕层土壤两种元素水溶态和弱酸溶态含量都有所增加,而可还原态和残渣态含量则有不同程度的减少;铁和锰都以残渣态和可还原态为主。在空间分布上,两种元素弱酸溶态和可氧化态含量随土层的加深而减少,残渣态则相反。研究表明,有机肥能在一定程度上改变铁和锰在各形态间的分配,并且有机肥能活化残渣态铁和锰。 相似文献
14.
采用营养液培养方法,以改良毛粉802F1番茄为材料, 研究外源一氧化氮(NO,SNP为供体)对铜(Cu)胁迫下番茄幼苗铁(Fe)、 锌(Zn)、 锰(Mn)吸收分配的影响。结果显示, 50 mol/ L的 Cu2+ 胁迫下,番茄幼苗的生物量和株高显著降低了33.7% 和23.1%,外施100 mol/L SNP可显著缓解这种抑制作用, 提高Cu 胁迫下番茄幼苗根系、 茎中Fe、 Mn含量及叶柄、 叶片中Fe、 Zn含量,降低茎中Zn含量及叶柄、 叶片中Mn含量; 根系、 茎、 叶柄、 叶片Fe、 Zn及根系和茎中Mn的累积相应增加; 根系吸收的Fe、 Zn、 Mn向地上部的转运降低。Cu 胁迫下, 外源NO可显著提高番茄液泡、 细胞器的Fe、 Zn 含量, 降低根系和叶片细胞壁Fe、 Zn、 Mn含量。在作为转运组织的茎和叶柄中,Mn主要分布在细胞壁上,而在叶柄和叶片液泡、 细胞器中也有增加。表明外源NO可以调控番茄幼苗各部位及亚细胞中Fe、 Zn、 Mn的合理分布,维持胞质离子稳态和矿质营养元素平衡,缓解铜胁迫,保证番茄幼苗正常的生理代谢。 相似文献
15.
Mechanisms for the Movement of Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn to Plant Roots in Loessal Soil and Lou Soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The pot experiments were conducted in the artificial climate laboratories to determine the relative importance of mass flow and diffusion in supplying ,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn to wheat,soybean and maize plants growing in loessal soil and lou soil.It was found that the calculated relative contribution of mass flow of iron,manganese,copper and zinc to plant uptake varied from 5% to more than 100%,depending on the crop species and soil types as well as plant growth stage,soil moisture,atmosphere humidity,etc.The results also showed that the major transportation mechanisms of these micronutrients in soil-root system varied with the crop and its growth,climate and soil,singnificantly,In general,mass flow was more important for Cu and Zn and diffusion was more significant for Fe and Mn at the seedling stage. 相似文献
16.
17.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(3):177-182
Abstract The frequent concentration‐ranges of various nutrient elements in soils and in plants are compared. Iron is different from almost all other nutrient elements in the fact that its optimal concentration range in plants is much lower than its frequent concentration range in soils. It is suggested that this observation is related to a chemical‐physiological mechanism of control on the uptake of iron by plants which in turn may explain the situations in which iron deficiency conditions in plants arise. 相似文献
18.
19.
土壤氮、磷营养过剩对微量元素锌、锰、铁、铜有效性及植株中含量的影响 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
土壤过量施用肥料,使部分菜地特别是保护地土壤中氮、磷养分积累过剩,导致蔬菜品质变劣,肥效下降,病虫害增多[1-2]。上世纪80年代日本已报道菜地过剩营养的不利影响,发现在土壤磷过高时,微量元素锰和铁出现异常[3]。据统计,京郊菜地土壤氮、磷养分已有明显积累,全市平均保护地土壤有效磷(P)含量达97·1mg/kg,个别区县高达165·8 mg/kg;土壤NO3-N含量平均为88·8 mg/kg,个别区县高达168 mg/kg[4]。在这种高氮、磷含量的土壤中,其它养分的变化也有必要进行研究。相对于大量元素,菜地土壤微量元素的研究较少[5],而且一般都是在常规施肥量的条… 相似文献
20.
不同聚合度和聚合率的聚磷酸磷肥对石灰性土壤磷与微量元素有效性的影响 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4