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用遗传密码词典中61个密码作为链的状态,提出了一个氨基酸替代的马氏链模型。将20种氨基酸间首次通过时间作为突变距离与 Grantham(1974)的氨基酸间理化距离以及Dayhoff(1978)的相对替代概率做相关分析。结果表明,替代概率与理化距离的相关大大高于与突变距离间的相关,说明蛋白质进化过程中,是自然选择而非突变起着决定性作用。 相似文献
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用遗传密码词典中61个密码作为链的状态,提出了一个氨基酸替代的马氏链模型。将20种氨基酸间首次通过时间作为突变距离与Grantham(1974)的氨基酸间理化距离以及Dayhoff(1978)的相对替代概率做相关分析。结果表明,替代概率与理化距离的相关大大高于与突变距离间的相关,说明蛋白质进化过程中,是自然选择而非突变起着决定性作用。 相似文献
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刘淑娟 《山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,37(3):392-396
本研究从GenBank数据库通过BLASTn选取5种不同脊椎动物(哺乳类、鸟类、鱼类、两栖类和爬行类)的30条Cytb基因全序列,利用生物信息学软件进行序列比对和进化分析。发现不同脊椎动物由低级向高级进化过程中,Cytb基因核苷酸的变异是在连续的突变压之下选择中性或近似中性的突变;而氨基酸的变异存在明显的种属特异性,这种突变不是随机发生的,应该是有方向的,或者是受到了物种进化的制约;不同物种蛋白质空间结构可能会略有不同,但其功能不变;随着物种的进化,Cytb基因也出现了显著的遗传分化。 相似文献
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研究了具有 Allee 效应的捕食者-食饵种群显性特征的共同进化动力系统.得到了在对称作用下连续稳定策略和进化分支的生态条件和进化条件,食饵的分支能导致捕食者分支;证明了在对称作用下进化动力系统经历超临界Hopf分支和次临界Hopf分支,周期进化是随机突变和选择过程的可能结果.在对称作用下进化自杀不可能发生,然而,在非对称作用下当种群遭受Allee效应时,进化自杀可能发生. 相似文献
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文章对密码学中的几种主要形式化攻击模型进行了讨论与分析对比,并举例说明了不可区分选择明文攻击模型、不可区分选择密文攻击模型和不可区分适应性选择密文攻击模型的具体应用,为可证明安全性理论设计和分析密码协议提供了理论基础. 相似文献
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地下鼠终生营地下生活,由于终年生活在地下封闭、黑暗和低氧的洞道内,生活的空间格局对其身体的形态特征、机能特征均产生了深刻的影响,是研究动物适应进化的理想材料。本文结合资料对地下鼠的地下适应性特征及其行为对策作以综述,以期为进一步开展地下鼠的适应性进化机制研究提供基础材料。 相似文献
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研究了具有Allee效应的捕食者-食饵种群显性特征的共同进化动力系统.得到了在对称作用下连续稳定策略和进化分支的生态条件和进化条件,食饵的分支能导致捕食者分支;证明了在对称作用下进化动力系统经历超临界Hopf分支和次临界Hopf分支,周期进化是随机突变和选择过程的可能结果.在对称作用下进化自杀不可能发生,然而,在非对称作用下当种群遭受Allee效应时,进化自杀可能发生. 相似文献
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从分子进化的概念、分子进化中性论和生物大分子的适应进化(大分子结构适应方面的进化和适应进化的机制方面)论述了分子水平上适应进化的方式及其特点。 相似文献
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依据复杂自适应系统理论,采用自下而上研究思路,将供应链主体行为与宏观系统特征涌现结合起来.将供应链分为创新型与模仿型,进行主体行为建模;运用遗传算法模拟主体演化进程,并在SWARM平台进行仿真,仿真结果凸显创新在供应链演化中的重要作用,证实个体简单自主行为能够导致系统复杂宏观特征涌现的复杂自适应系统基本原理. 相似文献
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The divergence of nucleated organisms and bacteria was 2.6 times more remote in evolution than the divergences of the nucleated organisms into sparate kingdoms, as evidenced by genetic changes in cytochrome c and transfer RNA. The development of the genetic code through the differentiation of transfer RNA's for different amino acids was still more remote in evolution. The overall states of transfer RNA evolution in bacteria and nucleated organisms were comparable. 相似文献
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Chin JW Cropp TA Anderson JC Mukherji M Zhang Z Schultz PG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5635):964-967
We describe a general and rapid route for the addition of unnatural amino acids to the genetic code of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Five amino acids have been incorporated into proteins efficiently and with high fidelity in response to the nonsense codon TAG. The side chains of these amino acids contain a keto group, which can be uniquely modified in vitro and in vivo with a wide range of chemical probes and reagents; a heavy atom-containing amino acid for structural studies; and photocrosslinkers for cellular studies of protein interactions. This methodology not only removes the constraints imposed by the genetic code on our ability to manipulate protein structure and function in yeast, it provides a gateway to the systematic expansion of the genetic codes of multicellular eukaryotes. 相似文献
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Concurrent processing and complexity of temporally encoded neuronal messages in visual perception 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The intrinsic neuronal code that carries visual information and the perceptual mechanism for decoding that information are not known. However, multivariate statistics and information theory show that neurons in four visual areas simultaneously carry multiple, stimulus-related messages by utilizing multiplexed temporal codes. The complexity of these temporal messages increases progressively across the visual system, yet the temporal codes overlap in time. Thus, visual perception may depend on the concurrent processing of multiplexed temporal messages from all visual areas. 相似文献
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Within-species genetic diversity is thought to reflect population size, history, ecology, and ability to adapt. Using a comprehensive collection of polymorphism data sets covering approximately 3000 animal species, we show that the widely used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) marker does not reflect species abundance or ecology: mtDNA diversity is not higher in invertebrates than in vertebrates, in marine than in terrestrial species, or in small than in large organisms. Nuclear loci, in contrast, fit these intuitive expectations. The unexpected mitochondrial diversity distribution is explained by recurrent adaptive evolution, challenging the neutral theory of molecular evolution and questioning the relevance of mtDNA in biodiversity and conservation studies. 相似文献
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The Red Queen hypothesis posits that sex has evolved in response to the shifting adaptive landscape generated by the evolution of interacting species. Previous studies supporting the Red Queen hypothesis have considered a narrow region of parameter space and only a subset of ecological and genetic interactions. Here, we develop a population genetics model that circumscribes a broad array of ecological and genetic interactions among species and derive the first general analytical conditions for the impact of species interactions on the evolution of sex. Our results show that species interactions typically select against sex. We conclude that, although the Red Queen favors sex under certain circumstances, it alone does not account for the ubiquity of sex. 相似文献
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为防止进化种群早熟收敛,并考虑保持种群多样性,加快寻优进程,提高寻优效率,提出一种基于自适应分组排挤的遗传算法,在寻优过程中将种群个体进行分组,在分组的基础上基于海明距离引入自适应的排挤机制,最后将该算法与基于海明距离排挤算法和简单遗传算法进行比较,证明其可行性和有效性. 相似文献
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The average amino acid composition of proteins is determined by the genetic code and by random base changes in evolution. Small but significant deviations from expected composition can be explained by selective constraint on amino acid substitutions. In particular, the deficiency of arginine in proteins has been caused by constraint, during evolution, on fixation of mutations substituting arginine for other amino acids. 相似文献