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通过挖掘文献中木质纤维素类生物质鼓泡流化床快速热解实验数据并建立随机森林(RF)回归模型,以生物质原料特性与热解条件对生物质热解生物油、生物炭、气体的产率进行预测。从影响生物质热解产物分布的5类关键因素中整理出15个特征变量,将输入变量进行了组合得到7个模型,均能很好地预测生物质热解三态产物,回归系数(R2)大于0.9。模型6的输入变量最少且准确度最高,对生物炭、生物油、生物质热解气产率预测的R2分别为0.942 8、 0.956 1、 0.939 1,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为2.679 1、 2.939 5和3.108 3。通过模型贡献度分析可知,热解条件(Ⅴ)为影响热解产物产率的最重要因素,其对生物炭、生物油、生物质热解气产率预测的贡献度分别为0.332 7、 0.220 4和0.214 7。采用部分依赖图(PDP)结合各个特征变量的分布箱线图分析,结果表明:热解温度(HT)、木质素质量分数(Lig)、颗粒粒径(PS)为影响生物炭产率的主要因素;生物油与生物质热解气产率则由HT、纤维素质量分数(Cel)与半纤维素质量分数(Hem)、进... 相似文献
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《林产化学与工业》2017,(6)
将三大组分的模型化合物微晶纤维素、木聚糖和木质素进行不同配比得到合成生物质,对不同配比的合成生物质样品进行热重(TG)分析,研究了其溶剂辅助热解液化行为,并得出三大组分在溶剂辅助热解液化过程中的协同作用。研究发现:温度低于350℃时,半纤维素对纤维素的降解有一定的促进作用;而高于350℃时,则有明显的抑制作用;半纤维素和纤维素均对木质素的降解起到抑制作用。采用极端顶点法选取典型配比的合成生物质,运用热裂解-色谱-质谱联用技术(Py-GC/MS)探究了合成生物质的溶剂辅助热解液化产物分布,得出了生物质各组分对溶剂辅助热解液化产物分布的影响。结果表明:合成生物质中的木质素含量较高会促进酸类物质的生成,纤维素和半纤维素的溶剂辅助热解液化产物对木质素溶剂辅助热解生成酚类化合物有一定的抑制作用;对于酯类化合物来说,合成生物质溶剂辅助热解液化都生成了较多的酯类物质,生物质三组分不同的配比促进了酯类化合物的生成。 相似文献
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木质生物质催化热解制备富烃生物油研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
生物油是木质生物质等原料经过热解获得的绿色产物,富含多种化学和生物活性物质,在石油替代方面具有发展潜力。生物质催化热解技术是制备高品质生物油的主要途径,但由于生物油含氧量比较高、目标产物选择性比较低、催化剂易结焦失活,限制了其应用。笔者从木质生物质热解机理及其反应途径、催化剂(金属氧化物、金属盐类、微孔催化剂、介孔催化剂)及其催化热解转化机理与产物调控机制、供氢试剂(四氢化萘、甲醇、废旧塑料、废弃油脂及其他供氢试剂)及其共催化热解转化机理等方面综述了木质生物质催化热解制备高品质生物油的进展,概述了催化热解过程中生物油的热解特性、产物组成以及转化机理,并对存在的问题及其解决方案进行了分析,展望了未来的发展方向,以期为木质生物质的高效转化利用提供依据和参考。 相似文献
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生物质三组分真空热解特性及液化产物成分分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以微晶纤维素、木聚糖和碱性木质素分别作为生物质3组分(纤维素、半纤维素和木质素)的模型物,利用傅立叶变换红外光谱技术(FT-IR)对生物质3组分结构进行了表征,并对3组分进行了真空热解特性分析,同时利用气质联用技术(GC-MS)对3组分真空热解液化后的生物油进行了成分分析,初步探讨了各组分的真空热解液化机理。研究结果表明,纤维素含有吡喃环、β-糖苷键等特征结构,真空热解时失重区间较窄(250~400℃),真空热解油产率较高(73.79%),产物主要有2,5-二甲基呋喃(9.32%)、2,6-二甲氧基苯酚(5.72%)和左旋葡聚糖(17.04%)等;木聚糖中存在β-糖苷键、阿拉伯糖侧链等结构,支链多,热稳定性差,真空热解油主要含有乙酸(10.11%)、羟基丙酮(18.42%)和糠醛(13.15%)等;木质素中含有较多的芳香族类物质结构,热解缓慢,失重区间较宽(185~550℃),热解终了时固体残留物较多,为29.67%,真空热解油中苯酚(16.24%)、愈创木酚(20.37%)等酚类物质较多。 相似文献
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综述了微波热解作用机制、影响因素、产物分布分析、微波热解反应器以及生物质微波裂解制油技术研究现状和发展趋势.相比于传统热解,微波裂解生物油含有较少的杂质.生物质微波裂解最新发展多采用微波热解和催化裂解相结合的技术路线,热解装置以真空平推流和旋转锥等快速连续微波反应器代替间歇式微波炉.通过对生物质微波裂解技术的充分了解,有助于推动生物质制油产业化发展. 相似文献
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熔盐裂解液化生物质的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为了考察熔盐组成、原料种类和裂解温度等因素对生物质裂解液化的影响,在自行设计的反应器中进行了实验研究。结果表明:纤维素在ZnCl2中液化,生物油得率最高,为35%;在66%(物质的量分数)KCl-CuCl中液化,生物油中水分含量最低,为21%;硝酸盐不适于生物质液化反应,生物油得率为零。以纤维素为原料的生物油得率高于以水稻秸秆为原料的生物油得率,而且生物油中的水分含量较低,说明含纤维素较多的生物质原料更适于裂解液化。热裂解反应受温度影响较大,生物油得率随温度升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,存在一个较优的温度,对纤维素原料而言在530℃左右,水稻秸秆在450℃左右。采用FT-IR和GC-MS对生物油进行初步分析,生物油成分比较复杂,其中呋喃类物质占有较大比例。 相似文献
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Fractionation and characterization of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) as treated by supercritical water
In order to investigate the potential for efficient utilization of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), supercritical water treatment (at 380°C and 100 MPa for 8 s) was applied to fractionate extractives-free samples into water-soluble
portion and water-insoluble portion. The water-insoluble portion was further fractionated into methanol-soluble portion and
methanol-insoluble residue. Samples were prepared from various parts of oil palm, i.e., trunks, fronds, mesocarp fibers, shells,
empty fruit bunches, and kernel cake. These fractionated products were then characterized analytically. The water-soluble
and methanol-soluble portions were determined to be mainly composed of carbohydrate-derived products and lignin-derived products,
respectively. The methanol-insoluble residue was mainly composed of lignin (more than 84 wt%) and the phenolic hydroxyl contents
determined by the aminolysis method was higher than for untreated oil palm samples. In addition, an alkaline nitrobenzene
oxidation analysis indicated that the methanol-insoluble residue contained fewer oxidation products than untreated samples
did. These findings imply that the water-soluble portion could be utilized for organic acid production, whereas the methanol-soluble
portion and the insoluble residue could be used for the production of phenolic chemicals. 相似文献
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The search for new value-added uses for oilseed and animal proteins led us to develop protein-based wood adhesives. Low-fat
soy and peanut flours and blood meal were hydrolyzed in an alkaline state, and PF-cross-linked protein resins were formulated
by reacting the protein hydrolyzates with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) in solid-tosolid ratios ranging from 70% to 50% hydrolyzates
and 30% to 50% PF. Physical properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF) bonded with protein-based phenolic resins were compared
to those of boards bonded with ureaformaldehyde (UF) and PF resins, and flakeboard bonded with soy protein-based phenolic
resin was compared to PF-bonded board. As MDF binders, adhesive properties of protein-based phenolic resins depended upon
protein content of proteinacious materials. MDF board bonded with blood-based phenolic resin was comparable to PF-bonded board
and met the requirements for exterior MDF. Boards bonded with soy-protein-based phenolic resin met requirements for interior
MDF, while peanut-based phenolic failed to meet some of the requirements. Flakeboard bonded with soy-protein-based phenolic
resins was inferior to PF-bonded board but outperformed PF-bonded board in accelerated aging tests. Although they exhibit
a slow curing rate, the cost effectiveness and superior dimensional stability of protein-based phenolic resins may make them
attractive for some uses. 相似文献
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To enhance dimensional stability and biological properties, low molecular weight phenolic resins of a conventional alkaline type and neutralized type were impregnated into Japanese cedar wood (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) and heat-cured. The treatment with the neutralized type resin retained the original wood color, whereas the alkaline treatment changed the color of wood to red-brown. The concentrations of the resin solutions and the weight gains due to the resin loading of wood after treatment were highly correlated, and the target resin loading could be assessed from the solution concentration. A high dimensional stability of 60% antiswelling efficiency was attained when both types of resins were impregnated at about 30% resin loading and no significant difference was recognized between the two. To suppress decay attack from brown-rot and white-rot fungi, 15% and 10% resin loading due to treatment was required for the neutralized and alkaline types of phenolic resins, respectively. The penetration of resin into wood cell walls was investigated by means of light microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis (EPMA). A m-Bromophenol-formaldehyde resin of three levels of an average molecular weight was used to detect the presence of resin by bromine signals. The phenolic resins with low and medium molecular weights (290 and 470) were shown to penetrate into the cell walls the furthest, thereby contributing to the enhancement of dimensional stability and decay resistance in the resin-impregnated wood. Also, for phenolic resin with a high molecular weight (820), only the resin components of low molecular weight appeared to be present in the walls, making very little contribution to the dimensional stability. 相似文献
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采用酸化沉淀法程序分级分离室温麦草碱抽提液中木质素、木质素-碳水化合物复合体(LCC),得到了pH值10.5、9.0和2.0三个级分。pH值10.5级分得率较高,为12.24%,该组分含有大量的碳水化合物,可能是以水不溶性LCC为主。随着pH值的降低,级分中的木质素含量逐渐增加,碳水化合物含量逐渐减少,pH值9.0和2.0组分均是以木质素为主。pH值2.0级分中碳水化合物含有较多的阿拉伯糖和半乳糖,该级分中LCC组成与pH值10.5和9.0级分LCC组成可能不同。抽提液中的SiO2大部分沉淀在pH值10.5和9.0级分中,pH值9.0级分中灰分质量分数高达13.29%。酸化沉淀程序分离法是一种分级分离麦草碱抽提液中木质素、LCC的有效方法。 相似文献
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针对生物油催化裂解提质工艺中存在催化剂易结焦失活、精制油品质低等问题,提出了低温等离子体(NTP)协同分子筛催化剂HZSM-5在线催化裂解提质油菜秸秆热解油的技术方案,采用自行设计的NTP辅助催化反应器,探讨了工艺参数对精制生物油得率和理化特性的影响。研究结果表明:催化温度、催化剂床层高度和反应器放电功率对反应结果影响显著,在催化温度400℃、催化剂(NTP+HZSM-5)床层高度35 mm、反应器放电功率25 W的最优工艺条件下,获得了精制生物油得率、含氧量、高位热值(QHHV)、pH值和重质组分分别为9.13%、15.78%、34.86 MJ/kg、5.41和3.15%的试验结果,与单HZSM-5催化提质方法相比,精制生物油品质显著提升,且催化剂积炭量从单HZSM-5提质方法时的5.88%大幅降低至2.14%,证实了NTP协同HZSM-5催化裂解提质生物油技术方案的可行性。 相似文献
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轻馏分生物油催化酯化脱水提质研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了得到稳定的含氧液体燃料及较好分离糖类及其衍生物,以Amberlyst-36离子交换树脂为催化剂在100℃下对粗生物油进行酯化脱水提质工艺优化,考察了反应时间、催化剂用量以及正丁醇和生物油质量比(醇油比)对提质的影响,得到最佳提质条件为醇油比1.5∶1.0、15%的催化剂用量、反应时间4 h,此条件下提质油酸值从72.23 mg/g降为3.98 mg/g,水分从53.06%降为3.34%,热值由8.75 MJ/kg升高至31.50 MJ/kg。GC-MS分析显示生物油中不稳定酸、醛、酮转化为稳定含氧化合物,稳定目标产物酯、醇、醚GC含量占74.70%。接着进行老化实验,保存3个月,粗生物油黏度从3.21 mm2/s增加到48.24 mm2/s,极不稳定,提质油理化性质显著提高并保持稳定。最后将20.00 g提质油、30.00 g蒸馏水和30.00 g二氯甲烷进行充分混合,萃取分液,可以基本将糖类及其衍生物从提质油中分离出来,得到粗糖质量为1.24 g,糖类物质总GC含量为87.92%,其中丁基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷占到75.28%。 相似文献