Studies on Diversity of Leaf Morphological Traits of Plants Regenerated from ＂Miniature Seeds＂ in Loquat

The genetic diversity of 79 accessions regenerated from ＂miniature seeds＂ of loquat （Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. cv. ＇Dawuxing＇） was analyzed based on 13 morphological characteristics of leaves in this study, in order to provide important morphological basis for breeding new varieties and materials through ＂miniature seed＂ breeding method in loquat. The results showed that there was abundant genetic diversity in leaf morphological characteristics of regenerated plants （D=0.785）, especially indicated by diversity indexes of leaf length （D=0.991）, leaf width （D=0.994）, petiole length （D=0.982）, petiole thickness （D=0.995） and leaf thickness （D=0.987）. And all the characteristic values varied broadly with coefficients of variation ranging from 9.84% to 40.09%; 79 accessions were divided into 6 groups by UPGMA method, there were significant differences in leaf morphological traits among the 6 groups; Group I and group VI were quite different from other groups and parent plants （cv. ＂Dawuxing＂）. The leaves of group I were darkgreen, large, hard and thick with long and thick petioles; while those of group VI were yellowgreen, small, thin and soft with slender petioles. These two groups were important excellent germplasm. Based on the abundant genetic diversity in leaf morphological characteristics, the breeding via ＂miniature seeds＂ was considered as an efficient method for broadening the germplasm resources and breeding new varieties of loquat.     

类猪圆环病毒因子P1感染对猪红细胞的影响

探讨类猪圆环病毒因子P1感染后,广西巴马小型猪发生贫血的类型,推断贫血发生的原因。12头30日龄的猪随机分成两组,每组6头,试验组经腹股沟淋巴结途径接种P1分子克隆。采用自动血液分析仪对接种后3d、8d、17d、24d、31d及40d猪的外周血进行红细胞各参数检测。统计分析结果显示P1感染后,与对照组相比,红细胞参数之间无差异的指标有RBC、HGB、HCT、MCV和MCHC等5项,而MCH在接种后17d明显降低,而RDW在31d增高明显。可见,猪感染类猪圆环病毒因子P1可导致小细胞低血色素性贫血。     

巴马小型猪糖尿病前期血脂和血液流变学变化分析

为研究巴马小型猪糖尿病前期对血脂和血液流变学的影响,对正常巴马小型猪和糖尿病前期小型猪的血脂和血流变学指标进行了检测,并进行糖耐量实验。结果表明,血脂四项检测中血总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇糖尿病前期组均高于正常对照组（P<0.05）。血液流变学指标检测中活化部分凝血酶原时间出现延长（P<0.05）。其他检测指标无明显差异。实验显示,巴马小型猪糖尿病前期已出现血脂紊乱和部分血流变学指标的改变。因此糖尿病前期患者在控制血糖的同时,应控制血脂,降低血黏度,以预防或减少糖尿病的发生。     

Antioxidant Defense System in Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） Seedlings under Heat Stress and Revival Conditions

The present investigation was carried out to investigate the effect of heat stress and revival on some antioxidative enzymes and metabolites in leaves of the wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） seedlings of heat susceptible （cv. WH 147 and HS 277） and heat tolerant （cv. WH 1021 and HW 2045） cultivars. Seven days old seedlings grown at 25 ℃ were exposed to 40 ℃ for 6 h and these seedlings were again brought to 25 ℃. The observations were recorded in the leaves of control, stressed and revived seedlings on 2nd and 4th day of revival. For the selection ofthermo-tolerant cultivars, screening of the thirty-six cultivars was done based on wilting of primary leaf and values of chlorophyll fluorescence. The MDA （malondialdehyde） and H2O2 concentration in leaves of wheat seedlings increased at the high temperature. There was enhancement in the activities of antioxidative enzymes, viz. CAT （catalase）, POX （peroxidase）, GR （glutathione reductase） and APX （ascorbate peroxidase） in leaves of the tolerant and susceptible cultivars under heat stress, however, higher percent increase was observed in tolerant cultivars. Heat stress increased the SOD （superoxide dismutase） activity in tolerant cultivars but activity declined in susceptible cultivars. On revival, the activities of the CAT, POX and GR declined in comparison to stressed seedlings but remained higher as compared to control. Ascorbate peroxidase activity remained higher on 2nd day and 4th day of revival in all the cultivars.     

Study on Hsp90 Expression in Different Tissues and Its Antibody in Serum of Chickens Infected with Marek’s Diseases

To investigate the dynamic change of heat shock protein 90 （Hsp90） in the genesis and development of tumor, we successfully established tumor animal model using Marek’s disease and then determined the location of Hsp90 in the tumor tissue using immunohistochemistry method, the antibody titer level of Hsp90 in the serum and the expression level in the tissue using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） method. Our result showed that Hsp90 location in the tumor tissue was signiifcantly associated with the tumor cell and most in the cytoplasm of the tumor cell, and Hsp90 expression level in the tissue and the antibody titer level in the serum was most signiifcantly increased with the development of tumor. This is the ifrst report to show the presence of Hsp90 in tumor tissues induced by the Marek’s disease, with its expression correlated to the tumoral grading. These data may also be valuable for developing new molecular anti-cancer therapies.     

猪感染类猪圆环病毒因子P1后血小板的变化

探讨类猪圆环病毒因子P1感染对广西巴马小型猪血小板参数的影响。将12头30日龄的广西巴马小型猪随机、平均分成两组．实验组经腹股沟淋巴结途径接种类猪圆环病毒因子P1的分子克隆。采用自动血液分析仪检测接种后3d、8d、17d、24d、31d及40d猪的外周血血小板参数。统计分析显示猪感染P1后,与对照组相比。实验组的血小板平均体积（MPV）无显著差异,而血小板计数（PLT）和血小板压积（PCT）在接种后8d明显降低,血小板体积分布宽度（PDW）在接种后17d显著降低。     

层次分析法在弱秋眠性紫花苜蓿筛选中的应用

应用层次分析法构建紫花苜蓿品质评价数学模型,以生产性能、耐逆性和营养品质作为3个准则,以全年鲜草产量（c1）、再生系数（c2）、分枝数（c3）、干鲜比（c4）、耐热性（c5）、耐涝性（c6）、叶茎比（c7）、粗蛋白（c8）、酸性洗涤纤维（c9）等9个指标构建的综合模型为：Y=0.42C1＋0.14C2＋0.08C3＋0.06C4＋0.12c5＋0.06c6＋0.02c7＋0.09C8＋0.01c9。参评的14个品种,以WL-4167、WL-324、WL-525HQ等wL系列品种得分（92.95）最高,具有在南方海涂地大面积推广的潜力。     

Effect of Biogas Digested Liquid on OH4 and N2O Flux in Paddy Ecosystem

Biogas production generates digested slurry as a byproduct. It can be used as a fertilizer especially after its conversion into digested liquid. A pot based study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of the application of digested liquid on CH4 and N2O flux, and plant biomass in paddy. Analysis revealed that digested liquid treated soils released more CH4 compared to ammonium sulphate and the control. Ammonium sulphate treated soil emitted the highest N20 whereas digested liquid application decreased its emission significantly. Further, the cumulative emission over 101 d of the experiment was found to be higher for CHa （16.9 to 29.9 g m^-2） compared to N20 （-49.3 to 18.9 mg m^-2） for all treatments. Digested liquid application had positive impact on plant variables such as panicle number and weight of panicles. This study suggests that digested liquid application significantly decrease N20 emission and increase CH4 emission possibly due to affecting the availability of organic C in the soil to microbial activity for methanogenesis. Another possibility for enhancing CH4 emission by following biogas digested liquid could be attributed to the increase in plant biomass.     

Carbon Sequestration in Soil Humic Substances Under Long-Term Fertilization in a Wheat-Maize System from North China

The changes in humic substances （HS） is fundamental in detecting soil carbon sequestration mechanisms in natural and cultivated environments. Based on a long-term trial, the amounts of water dissolved substances （WSS）, humic acid （HA）, fulvic acid （FA） and humin （HU） were determined to explore the impact of long-term fertilization on HS. Increases in the amounts of WSS, HA, FA and HU were significant different among the treatments with manure. A significant correlation was found between the increased soil organic carbon （SOC） and HS （R^2=0.98, P〈0.01）. The change in the E4/E6 ratio was significantly correlated with the increased SOC （R2=0.88, P〈0.01）, HA （R^2=0.91, P〈0.01）, FA （R^2=0.91, P〈0.01） and HU （R^2=0.88, P〈0.01）. The cluster was mainly divided into two parts as manure fertilization and inorganic fertilization, based on the increases in HA, FA and HU. These results suggest that long term fertilization with manure favours carbon sequestration in HS and is mainly stabilized as HU, while the HA becomes more aliphatic. We conclude that increases in SOC can be linked to changes in the molecular characteristics of HS fractions under long term fertilization.     

巴马小型猪高脂诱导模型建立及其肝脏转录组学研究

利用高脂饲料诱导建立巴马小型猪代谢疾病模型并分析肝脏转录组变化。选取1月龄巴马小型猪24头,随机分为对照组与高脂诱导组,对照组饲喂普通饲料,高脂诱导组饲喂含2.0%胆固醇饲料,定时监测体重、血常规及生化指标,6个月后试验结束,作心脏冠状动脉造影、器官组织学检测及肝脏转录组分析。结果表明,高脂诱导组个体饲喂4个月体重显著高于对照组,诱导期后血液生化指标中甘油三酯显著高于对照组,饲喂6个月时冠状动脉造影及器官组织切片未见显著病变,肝脏转录组分析显示高脂诱导组与对照组相比有2 468个差异表达基因,主要与代谢途径相关。为期6个月的高脂饲喂未致巴马小型猪明显代谢性疾病及心血管病变,但血液甘油三酯水平显著升高,显著影响肝脏代谢途径相关基因表达。文章系统探讨高脂诱导模型,结合血液生化、组织学、冠脉造影及肝脏转录组分析,进一步获得代谢通路相关潜在标记基因,为建立理想小型猪代谢疾病模型提供参考。     

猪的垂体特异性转录因子基因多态性研究

研究采用PCR和DNA测序方法,对小型猪种(香猪、巴马猪)及对照猪种(上海白猪、大约克夏猪)的垂体特异性转录因子(PIT-1)基因1293位至2230位进行了单核苷酸多态性(SNP)分析。结果显示:在第5内含子中有多处发生突变,其中在1429位,香猪、巴马猪的所有个体均发生了G→A突变,而上海白猪、大约克夏猪则未发生突变;在第6外显子中未见任何突变。结论:PIT-1基因1429位可作为小型猪基因标记的候选位点。     

广西巴马小型猪SLA-DQB 基因 的克隆及序列分析

利用RT-PCR 的方法从广西巴马小型猪肝脏组织中扩增SLA-DQB 基因的编码区序列,旨在为下一步构 建SLA-DQB 转基因广西巴马小型猪奠定基础。结果表明,克隆的广西巴马小型猪SLA-DQB 基因编码区长687 bp,与 GenBank 参考序列（NM_001113694）相比,共有15 个氨基酸发生突变（位点为10、14、19、27、29、38、39、48、58、61、68、 72、76、78、183）。与普通猪、其他小型猪、奶牛、人类及小鼠的同源性分别为95.8%、95.8%、88.1%、86.2%和80.0%。     

姜脱毒组培技术研究

利用热处理与茎尖培养相结合的方法,脱除姜体内危害性病毒TMV 和CMV,并通过试验研究明确了姜组培适宜的初代接种灭菌剂是HgCl2(0 .1 % ) ;初代培养基为MS+ KT2 .0(mg/L,下同) + NAA1 .0 + 糖3 % + 琼脂0 .5 % ;组培快繁、生根培养的外源激素种类及浓度分别为KT2.0+ NAA0 .5 ,KT1.0+ NAA1 .5 ;培养基的pH值为6 .5 ,培养温度(26±2) ℃,光强4000lx;适宜的组培快繁方式为试管微型姜快繁法。     

大白菜BrSPS1Fb基因剪接受体位点变异及其对剪接的影响

为研究剪接受体位点变异对剪接方式与效率的影响,对大白菜材料He2进行重测序,发现BrSPS1Fb-He2第6个内含子(I6)的剪接受体位点由AG突变为AC。对大白菜材料He2花瓣进行转录组测序并分析BrSPS1Fb-He2 read数据,结果显示,BrSPS1Fb-He2在pre-mRNA加工过程中发生了选择性剪接。BrSPS1Fb-He2可选择3个位置(A1、A2和A3)作为受体进行剪接,产生3种剪接异构体(S1、S2和S3),或者保留I6整个内含子,形成S4剪接异构体。大白菜BrSPS1Fb-He2的成熟mRNA中保留部分I6(S1和S2)或全部I6(S4),或者缺失部分E7外显子序列(S3)。综上,BrSPS1Fb剪接受体位点的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNP)变异对其转录后剪接产生了显著影响。     

广西巴马小型猪ANK1基因启动子克隆及其活性分析

[目的]克隆广西巴马小型猪ANK1基因启动子,确定其活性核心区,为研究ANK1基因启动子与肉质性状的相关性及构建动物疾病模型打下基础.[方法]通过在线软件对ANK1基因启动子的转录因子结合位点进行预测,根据转录因子结合位点设计特异引物扩增不同长度的ANK1基因启动子片段,并利用双荧光素酶试剂盒检测其荧光值,以确定不同ANK1基因启动子片段的活性.[结果]发现ANK1基因启动子存在1个转录起始位点(TSS)、2个CpG岛和多个转录因子结合位点,并以此作为ANK1基因启动子的分段依据,将其分割为P638、P791、P1113、P1163、P1648、P1694、P1796和P2074等8个不同长度的目的片段.成功克隆获得的8个ANK1基因启动子片段经KpnⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切、T4真核表达载体连接、细胞转染等方法构建8个双荧光素酶重组报告基因,双荧光素酶试剂盒检测结果显示,广西巴马小型猪ANK1基因启动子在P1796片段活性最强,与其他片段存在显著差异(P<0.05).[结论]成功克隆获得广西巴马小型猪ANK1基因启动子的8个片段,且利用双荧光素酶试剂盒检测确定其核心启动子区域出现在P1796片段.     

重组CYP3A46细胞微粒体体外药物 代谢动力学分析

通过对巴马小型猪CYP3A46 重组细胞微粒体体外药物代谢动力学特征比较分析,为巴马小型猪应用 于临床前药理试验提供科学依据。分析重组CYP3A4、CYP3A46 细胞微粒体药物代谢动力学参数Vmax、Km(S50）、 Clint 及IC50 均表明：CYP3A46 的硝苯地平、睾酮的代谢活性及酮康唑的抑制活性均比较接近CYP3A4(P>0.05）, CYP3A46 是否是CYP3A4 的同源酶需要进一步研究确定。     

Effects of Elemental Sulphur and Farmyard Manure on pH and Salinity of Calcareous Sandy Loam Soil and Some Nutrient Elements in Tomato Plant

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of elemental sulphur （S） and farmyard manure on soil pH, EC and N, S, P concentrations of tomato grown in a calcareous sandy loam soil. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions. Sulphur was applied at 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400 mg kg~ and farmyard manure at 0, 3 ton da^-1 to the soil. Three weeks after applications, tomato seedlings were planted and 8 weeks later, the plants were harvested to determine N, S, P concentrations and dry matter yield. Soil pH and EC were determined in the soil samples taken at 3 different periods. Effects of sulphur and farmyard manure applications were not significant on N, P concentrations and dry matter yield of tomato plant. S concentration of tomato plant was increased by sulphur alone. Soil pH was decreased and soil EC was increased in both 2^nd and 3^rd soil sampling period by the sulphur applications. As a result of farmyard manure application, soil pH decreased in the 2^nd soil sampling period but increased in the 3^rd soil sampling period. Also, soil EC was significantly increased in 1^st and 3^rd soil sampling period. Farmyard manure had no significant effect on S supply to tomato plant. The N：S ratio of tomato plant was decreased by sulphur alone. However, the sulphur with farmyard manure applications decreased N：S ratio in lesser extend compared to the S applications.     

Application of Neutron Activation Analysis Technique for the Analysis of Soil Samples from Farmlands of Yebrage Hawariat,East Gojjam,Ethiopia

Farmers may not be conscious for their farmland＇s nutrients, soil organic matter, water and air because they simply concerned only for their labor availability and soil fertility losses. The composition and proportion of these components greatly influence soil physical properties, including texture, structure and porosity, the fraction of pore space in a soil. The soil of this farmland must be able to supply adequate amount of plant nutrients, in forms which can be absorbed by the crop, within its lifespan. Deficiencies or imbalances in the supply of any of essential elements can compromise growth, affecting root development, cell division, crop quality, crop yield and resistance to disease and drought. This study was conducted to fill this knowledge gap in order to develop economically vital and environmentally accepted nutrient management strategies for the use of soils in agricultural lands. The objective of this study is to assess the elemental contents and concentration of soil samples collected from farmlands of ＂Yebrage＂ using neutron activation analysis （NAA） techniques regardless of oxidation state, chemical form or physical locations. NAA is used to determine the elemental composition and concentrations present in a soil. The macro/micronutrient and organic matter deficiencies have been verified in agricultural soils through increased use of soil testing and plant analysis. The challenge for agriculture over the coming decades will meet the world＇s increasing demands for food in a sustainable way. Current issues and future challenges point out that as long as agriculture remains a soil based industry, major decreases in productivity likely to be attained ensuring that plants do not have adequate and balanced supply of nutrients.     

Hydrolytic Enzyme Inhibitors and Necrotic Reactions in Potato Leaves Reduce Reproductive Success of Colorado Potato Beetle

In field and laboratory conditions the reproductive potential （survival at different stages of development） of the Colorado potato beetle has been measured, the dependence of the parameters of insects fertility on varietal features of the feed has been investigated, the food activity of the representatives of insects from four areas of the Southern Urals has been measured, the intensity and time of hypersensitivity reactions on potato leaves has been defined. In laboratory experiments, the level of activity of hydrolytic enzymes in insects and the level of activity of these enzymes inhibitors in the leaves of three potato varieties differing in their resistance to the Colorado potato beetle have been determined. The results show that the insects-representatives of different samples have different food activity in relation to different potato varieties. High mortality rates were revealed at feeding with leaves of potato of the Bashkir variety characterized by a high level of hydrolases inhibitors and relatively rapid development of necrotic reactions after the appearance of eggs laying on the leaves. We suppose that the neerogenetic barrier appearing in the form of necrosis is the major cause of the fetal mortality of insects. The level of the content of inhibitors inactivating larvae digestive enzymes affects the survival of insects at postembryonic stages. The speed of the necrosis emergence, the level of activity of digestive enzymes inhibitors in potato can be considered as criteria for the selection of breeding material for resistance to the Colorado potato beetle.