甘蔗品种新植生产性能研究

在旱坡地对T22、T25、ZJ93／159、台优、T16（CK）5个甘蔗品种进行新植品比试验，从各品种的萌芽率、分蘖率、伸长速度、产量结构等主要农艺性状及某些抗性和生理生化指标进行研究。结果表明：蔗茎产量最高的是T22，达9579.1kg/666.7m^2，其次是ZJ93／159，达9344.5kg/666.7m^2；蔗茎蔗糖分最高的是ZJ93／159，达16.80%，其次是T25，达16.00%；666.7m^2含糖量最高的是ZJ93／159，达1569.88kg，其次是T22，达1525.95kg。综合评价最优的是T22，其次是ZJ93／159。     

象州蔗区甘蔗品种新植品比试验

推广甘蔗良种是提高甘蔗单产和蔗糖分的有效途径。为搞好本县甘蔗良种的引进和推广工作 ,特地从外地引进三个甘蔗新品种与本县新的当家品种新台糖１６号进行对比试验 ,为象州蔗区推广甘蔗良种提供科学依据。现将新植蔗实施情况总结如下。１试验方法及过程１.１参试品种粤糖９３/１５９、新台糖２５号、桂糖１７号、新台糖１６号（ＣＫ）。１.２试验设计采用随机区组排列 ,三次重复 ,６行区 ,行长７ ４１米 ,行距０ .９米 ,小区面积４０米２,６６７米２播种量８０００芽 ,四周设保护行。１.３试验简况试验地选在象州县寺村镇大井村委的旱坡地…     

德宏州第三轮甘蔗品种旱地区试点新植试验总结

全州三个旱地区试点经过一年的新植试验,综合各区试点的试验结果表明:在旱地上综合性状表现较好的品种有园林6号、新台糖28号、桂糖94-119,可进一步示范种植;粤糖00-236、福农15号、巴西固氮种在旱地上表现生势差、产量低,不适宜旱地种植;德蔗02-38、德蔗03-47易倒伏、蒲心重,不再示范种植.     

第四轮国家甘蔗品种集成示范试验保山点新植初报

2013年在保山蔗区举行的第四轮国家甘蔗品种集成示范试验中,参试的9个品种中除福农1110外,其他参试品种的综合性状优于对照（ROC22）,以桂糖32号、柳城03-1137、云蔗99-596的综合性状表现突出,可进一步观察。     

德宏州第三轮甘蔗品种水田区试点新植试验总结

德宏州四个水田区试点经过一年的新植试验,综合各区试点的试验结果表明:综合性状表现好的前三个种是新台糖28号、德蔗03-83、园林6号;表现较好的是福农15号、粤糖00-236;表现一般的是巴西固氮种、桂糖94-119.     

Evaluation of resistance to Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV) in 49 new elite sugarcane varieties/clones in China

Mosaic disease is a systemic, seed-cane transmitted disease in sugarcane. Selective breeding and planting of resistant varieties is the most economical and effective measure for controlling this disease. In this study, resistance to Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV-HH, GenBank accession number DQ530434), the predominant pathogen of mosaic disease in the Chinese cane-growing regions, was evaluated in 49 new elite sugarcane varieties/clones. Resistance ratings were determined as disease incidence after a stalk-cutting inoculation and RT-PCR detection in 2011 and 2012. Disease incidence under natural conditions was also used as a reference for resistance rating. The results demonstrated that of the 49 varieties/clones tested, 31 (63%) were scored between highly resistant (Grade 1) to moderately resistant (Grade 3). Of these, nine (18%; Yuegan 40, Yuegan 42, Yuetang 55, Yunzhe 03-194, Yunzhe 99-596, Yunrui 06-189, Guitang 30, Dezhe 03-83, and Mintang 01-77) were highly resistant (Grade 1), and seven (14%; Funong 0335, Liucheng 05-129, Yuetang 96-86, Yunzhe 01-1413, Yunzhe 03-258, Yunzhe 06-80, and Guitang 02-351) were resistant (Grade 2). These results may facilitate future efforts to breed varieties with further improved resistance to SrMV and may provide elite resistance resources and a reference for selecting and planting elite resistant varieties to control sugarcane mosaic disease effectively.     

乌龙茶树新品种引种试验

以黄棪为对照品种,对引种的茗科1号、台茶12号、白毛2号、鸿雁12号和鸿雁9号等5个乌龙茶树新品种进行品比,并综合分析各品种的抗逆性、适应性、生长势、抗虫害能力、物候期、鲜叶产量和成品乌龙茶品质的差异。提出在安溪祥华、西坪等铁观音主产乡（镇）适当引种茗科1号;在安溪虎邱、官桥、蓬莱、湖上等地选用台茶12号或鸿雁12号进行品种搭配,以解决茶树品种结构单一的问题,提高茶叶经济效益。     

从柳城03/182的特征特性的选育和表现,再论甘蔗引、育种新理念在生产实践中的经济作用

我们在长期的甘蔗生产和选、引育种实践中,认识到了一个品种能不能应用于生产,主要看该品种是否得到蔗农和糖厂支持和市场认可,这也是检验一个品种是否优良的市场标准.随着蔗糖市场的变化和蔗农对甘蔗新品种生产性能要求的提高,蔗糖在生产上更期望具备"高、大、硬、强、脱"特征特性的甘蔗品种选育成功并应用于生产,糖厂欢迎具有"四高两低一优良工艺延长"优质品种可以同时并举.     

Imidacloprid can reduce the impact of the whitegrub Antitrogus parvulus on Australian sugarcane

Management of Childers canegrubs, Antitrogus parvulus Britton, is heavily dependant on organophosphate insecticides. As part of a programme to develop and integrate a wider spectrum of controls, we tested the potential of imidacloprid to control existing infestations of third-instar larvae in sugarcane. Two SC and one WG formulation of imidacloprid (Confidor^®) were tested in 11 trials near Bundaberg or Childers in southern Queensland. These defined useful application rates for the formulations, compared the efficacy of formulations, tested surface and subsurface placement, tested different spacings of the coulters behind which the insecticide was applied, and compared the efficacy of early and late applications of the insecticide. Comparisons were made with cadusafos (Rugby^® 100 G). Kill of larvae was not as rapid or great as following treatment with cadusafos, but surviving larvae appeared not to be feeding as much. Both SC formulations at rates of at least 3.75 g active ingredient/100 m of row applied into the soil behind coulters placed either side of the stool gave similar gains in cane yield to applications of cadusafos. The WG formulation showed some responses, but was not tested extensively. Application to the soil surface was not as effective as injection into the soil behind coulters. Efficacy seemed to be largely unaffected by the spacing between the coulters. Early applications appear to be more effective than later applications, and lead to larger yield responses. Imidacloprid provides a way of treating infested ratoon crops, does not degrade in high-pH soils, and can be used in rotation with the organophosphate-based cadusafos and chlorpyrifos (suSCon^® Blue) to minimise the development of insecticide resistance.     

我国甘蔗锈病病原菌及甘蔗品系抗褐锈病基因Bru1的分子检测

为了解我国甘蔗锈病病原菌发生以及优良甘蔗新品种(系)抗褐锈病基因Bru1的分布频率情况,以来自我国5省(区)81份疑似甘蔗锈病叶片样品为材料,分别用Pm1-F/Pm1-R和Pk1-F/Pk1-R引物对进行褐锈病菌(Puccinia melanocephala)与黄锈病菌(Puccinia kuehnii)分子鉴定。结果表明,锈病病原菌检出率为40.7%,除了福建省福州市叶片样品仅检测到P.melanocephala外,其他省(区)的叶片样品均检测到2种锈病病原菌,且存在混合侵染现象。对24份黄锈病菌阳性PCR产物(527 bp)克隆并测序,结果发现P.kuehnii间隔区1(ITS1)第183个核苷酸存在单核苷酸多态性(SNP),其中,A碱基(183A)、G碱基(183G)位点的病菌分离物分别占29.2%和25.0%,2种碱基(183A/G)位点的混合病菌分离物有45.8%。通过R12H16与9020-F4/Rsa I两种分子标记对40份甘蔗新品种(系)抗褐锈病基因Bru1进行分子检测,结果表明,42.5%参试新品种(系)含抗褐锈病基因Bru1,这些材料可作为甘蔗抗褐锈病新品种加以推广应用。     

浅析有效实施品种权

随着<中华人民共和国植物新品种保护条例>的实施以及<中华人民共和国种子法>的颁布,种子行业已经走上了有法可依、有序经营的良性发展轨道.正确有效实施品种权,对于每个品种权人、种子企业都应充分认识,准确掌握。     

茶树鲜叶中叶黄素循环组分的高效液相色谱法测定研究及其光保护功能鉴定

采取酮提取茶树鲜叶中的叶黄素循环组分,分别在15℃、22℃和30℃下,用Spherisorb C18（5μm,250βmm×4.6βmm）色谱柱,乙腈︰甲醇（85︰15）和甲醇︰乙酸乙酯（68︰32）为流动相,线性洗脱,在445βnm下检测。结果表明,不同温度条件下,高效液相色谱法都能够从茶树鲜叶提取物中检测到紫黄素、环氧玉米黄素和玉米黄素,而且分离效果好,重现性和精密度也很高。强光下,叶黄素循环库和紫黄素脱环氧化程度皆明显增加,表明其在茶树中有重要的光保护作用。     

QuEChERS/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定香蕉中8种植物生长调节剂残留

为了测定植物生长调节剂在香蕉中的残留,本研究建立了 QuEChERS 结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定香蕉中8种植物生长调节剂残留的分析方法。以1%乙酸-乙腈（V/V）为提取溶剂,样品前处理采用 QuEChERS 方法。以Agilent InfinityLab Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈柱为分离色谱柱,甲醇和5 mmol/L 乙酸铵-0.1%甲酸缓冲溶液为流动相,0.25 mL/min的流速梯度洗脱,10 min内可实现8种目标待测物分离。8种目标待测物经超高效液相色谱-串联质谱在选择反应监测模式下测定,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。结果表明,在5.0~100.0 μg/kg范围内线性良好,相关系数（r²）≥0.999;检出限（LODs）范围为0.03~0.6 μg/kg,定量限范围为0.10~2.0 μg/kg。在10、20、100 μg/kg 3个添加水平范围内,平均回收率在73.5%~107.2%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于11%。本方法简便、快速、便捷、灵敏、准确,适用于香蕉中8种植物生长调节剂残留的测定。本方法的建立可为植物生长调节剂在其他果蔬中的残留检测提供参考。     

小麦与野燕麦杂交后代品系光合特性的研究

为了研究小麦与野燕麦杂交后代高产的原因,用LI-6400光合作用测定系统测定了小麦与野燕麦杂交后代及其亲本的开花期旗叶净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Cd)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr),并计算了水分利用效率,用方差分析和相关性分析方法对11个参试材料的光合特性进行了综合评价。结果表明,小麦与野燕麦杂交后代的净光合速率显著高于普通小麦和野燕麦;各品种(系)的气孔导度变化趋势与蒸腾速率变化趋势一致,气孔导度大的一般蒸腾速率也较高;光合速率与气孔导度和蒸腾速率显著相关,与产量正相关,但相关不显著;小麦与野燕麦杂交后代的光合能力高于亲本和普通小麦。     

水稻籼粳交衍生不育系的籼粳属性鉴定及配组F_1优势初探

通过籼粳杂交培育了3份水稻不育系,分别为野败型不育系064A、协研A和光温敏不育系300S。对这3份不育系相应的保持系的籼粳属性进行了形态指数法和分子标记法鉴定。064B、协研B和300S形态指数分别为11、9和12,属于中间偏籼类型;基于分子标记的遗传距离聚类结果表明,3份材料聚为一类,也属于中间偏籼类型。通过广泛测交,发现应用籼粳杂交,在籼稻遗传背景中掺入一定比例的粳稻"血缘",培育中间偏籼型不育系,对丰富水稻育种遗传背景,配制超级杂交稻组合具有重要意义。