Klamath Russet: A Full Season, Fresh Market, Long Russet

Klamath Russet, a late-maturing cultivar for fresh market use, was jointly released by the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Oregon, Idaho, and Washington and the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 2000. Klamath Russet was tested in irrigated trials in Oregon from 1990 to 1999 and in Western Regional Trials from 1994 to 1996. Klamath Russet yields of U.S. #ls have exceeded those for Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah by more than 30%, averaged across all trials. Klamath Russet is moderately resistant to Verticillium wilt and highly resistant to common scab. Specific gravity for Klamath Russet has averaged 1.076 across all trials compared with 1.070 and 1.081 for Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank, respectively. Klamath Russet is not considered suitable for french fry production because of high sugar and low starch contents.     

Discriminating Russet Norkotah intraclonal selections using canonical and cluster analysis

Intraclonal selection has been used to develop improved versions of existing popular potato cultivars. The approach is usually undertaken to overcome trait deficiencies that limit production/acceptance of the cultivar. Because of close genetic relationships, discriminating between strains and the original cultivar is more difficult than discriminating between conventionally derived hybrid cultivars. The objective of this investigation was to determine the genetic relationship between several Russet Norkotah intraclonal selections (strains) using statistical analysis. Russet Norkotah and seven Russet Norkotah strains (TXNS102, TXNS112, TXNS223, TXNS278, TXNS296, CORN3 and CORN8) were grown in 2000 and 2001 in New Brunswick, Canada, and several plant and tuber traits were measured. Hierarchical cluster analysis and canonical discriminant analysis demonstrated that the Russet Norkotah strains differ in a significant manner from the original cultivar and are therefore distinct and unique cultivars.     

Selection, evaluation, and identification of improved Russet Norkotah strains

Strain (sub-clonal, line, or intraclonal) selection for certain characteristics within some potato varieties has been very successful e.g. improved skin type (Russet Burbank from Burbank), improved skin color (Red LaSoda from LaSoda; Red Norland and Dark Red Norland from Norland), and improved vine vigor and yield (Norgold Russet M from Norgold Russet). In 1989, strain selection with Russet Norkotah was initiated by the Texas Potato Variety Development Program. Some 192 giant hill and/or tall type plants were selected from seedsmen and/or commercial Russet Norkotah fields in Colorado, while 183 were selected from commercial fields in Texas. Replicated yield trials with the final 13 of the original strain selections and Russet Norkotah were conducted in 1992, 1993, and 1994 in both Colorado and Texas. A mixed model analysis of variance was performed followed by disjoint cluster analysis in order to group strains into high, medium, and low yielding classes or clusters. Canonical discriminant analysis was performed to confirm the three clusters and to determine the extent to which various yield attributes are related and can be used to separate the three clusters. Several strains including TXNS (Texas Norkotah Strain) 112, TXNS 134, and TXNS 278 were identified as superior in Colorado, while TXNS 223, TXNS 249, and TXNS 296 were similarly identified for Texas growing conditions. These strains usually outyielded Russet Norkotah by 20–30%.     

Effects of seedborne potato virus Y on Russet Norkotah performance

Research plots were established in 1996 and 1997 at Klamath Falls and Hermiston, Oregon and Tulelake, California to determine: 1) the extent of seedborne PVY spread during the growing season; 2) effects of seedborne PVY on yield and grade of Russet Norkotah; and 3) the economic consequences of varying levels of seedborne PVY infections. A series of 5 treatments evaluated initial PVY infection levels of 1 to 60% in 1996 and 1 to 98% in 1997. Virus spread occurred earlier and was more extensive at Hermiston than at Klamath Falls or Tulelake. Plants derived from PVY-free seed were nearly 100% PVY infected at early senescence at Hermiston. Comparisons of potatoes grown from PVY-free seed versus potatoes grown from seed where initial PVY infection levels were 60% in 1996 and 100% in 1997 showed seedborne PVY infection at these levels reduced U.S. No. 1 yields by an average of 40% at Hermiston, 20% at Tulelake, and 12% at Klamath Falls. Predicted total yield losses were 0.19, 0.12, and 0.08 Mg ha^?1 for each percent of PVY infection at HAREC, IREC, and KES, respectively. Reductions in gross crop value were estimated at 39, 26, and 14%, respectively, based on regression analyses.     

Reveille Russet: An Early,Widely Adapted,High-Count-Carton Russet for the Fresh Market

Reveille Russet (ATX91137-1Ru) is a uniform, medium-early, high yielding, high pack-out, fresh market russet cultivar, with wide adaptability, released by Texas A&M AgriLife Research in 2015. It resulted from a cross of Bannock Russet(♀) and breeding clone A8343–12(♂). Reveille Russet produces attractive, oblong tubers, with medium russeting, white flesh and excellent culinary qualities. It has a lower incidence of internal defects and a higher percentage of marketable tubers in the 170 to 284 g and 284 to 510 g (6 to 10 oz. and 10 to 18 oz.) size classes than Russet Norkotah. Reveille Russet is resistant to hollow heart, second growth and blackspot bruise. It also stores longer and tends to wound-heal to a lighter brown color upon skinning during harvest and/or handling than Russet Norkotah.     

马铃薯品种(系)的灰色多维综合隶属度评估

为全面客观地分析品种的综合表现,克服以往育种中仅以产量为主,其它性状凭主观判断来选择品种的局限性,我们用灰色多维综合隶属度评估方法对马铃薯品比试验结果进行综合分析评估.结果表明:99-2-2、S-80和中心23为优良品种,细皮红、凉薯97和对照米拉为较好品种,合作88、大西洋和中心24为一般品种.     

不同生态条件下马铃薯品种的淀粉含量分析

把北方一作区的6个品种,中大1号、内薯7号、克新12号、东农303、延97-8和尤金分别种植在加格达奇、牙克石、克山、哈尔滨、延吉和本溪6个地点,对各品种在各地点的淀粉含量进行分析。结果表明:中大1号的淀粉含量最高,但在试验区域内其品种稳定性差,延97-8的淀粉含量较高,且在试验区域内的品种稳定性好;加格达奇地区种植马铃薯的淀粉含量均值最高,本溪为淀粉含量均值最低,淀粉含量随着纬度的降低而呈下降趋势。     

鲜食玉米品种品质评价及标准的探讨

根据我国鲜食玉米产业发展对玉米新品种的要求,结合育种科研和生产实践,探讨了鲜食玉米品种品质的评价标准和方法等问题。     

不同花生品种种子休眠特性的研究

休眠性是作物重要的农艺性状之一。本研究对31个刚收获的花生品种(系)进行发芽试验,以评价不同品种的休眠特性。结果表明,发芽率和萌发率都可以作为评价种子休眠性的指标。不同品种种子发芽率的变异范围为0～71.11%,20个品种(系)的发芽率低于10.0%,其中,徐9641等6个品种(系)的发芽率为0,表现为较强的休眠性;启海花生的发芽率为71.11%,休眠性较弱。相关分析表明,种子休眠性强弱与荚果、籽仁形状和小叶长度有关,长粒型种子和小叶较长的品种休眠性较强,而与其他农艺性状相关不显著。     

Sage Russet: a New High Yielding Russet Potato Variety with Cold-Sweetening Resistance,High Vitamin C and Protein Contents and Excellent Fresh Pack and Processing Potential

Sage Russet was released in 2009 by Oregon State University, in cooperation with the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho and Washington. It is a product of the Northwest Potato Variety (Tri-State) Development Program. Sage Russet has a medium-early maturity and produces long, somewhat flattened tubers with medium russeting of the skin. Total yields of Sage Russet are similar to those of Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet, but are significantly higher than those of Russet Norkotah. Sage Russet has significantly higher U.S. No.1 yields than Russet Burbank, Russet Norkotah, and Ranger Russet. It can be grown as an early or late crop with high U.S. No.1 yields and minimal internal defects. It achieved very high merit scores in processing and fresh market in Western Regional trials and can be considered for both markets. Sage Russet has a medium to high fertility requirements with high nitrogen use efficiency and medium storage capability. Sage Russet has moderate specific gravity and produces lighter fry color than the industry standard varieties. The color of fried strips following tuber storage at 4.4 °C and 7.2 °C is significantly lighter for Sage Russet than the control varieties, indicating good cold sweetening resistance. Chemical analyses have shown that Sage Russet has higher protein and vitamin C content than control varieties. Sage Russet is moderately resistant to early dying, early blight, and common scab, is resistant to tuber late blight, but susceptible to Fusarium wilt and is prone to shatter bruise.     

Pomerelle Russet: an Early Maturing Potato Variety with High Yields of U.S. No. 1 Tubers Suitable for Fresh Market and mid-Storage Processing and Tolerance to Potato Mop-top Virus

Pomerelle Russet is an early maturing fresh potato variety, which produces moderately high early-season (95–110 days after planting) yields of long tubers with brown-russet skin. It is notable for its very attractive, smooth tubers and resistances to internal and external defects with a high percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers. Fresh merit ratings for Pomerelle Russet in trials conducted in Idaho, Oregon and Washington were consistently higher than Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah. Early harvest yields for Pomerelle Russet are generally comparable to Russet Norkotah with a higher percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers. Compared to Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, Pomerelle Russet has greater resistance to Potato mop-top virus, soft rot, corky ringspot and tuber infections from late blight. It also has higher protein and vitamin C concentrations than Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, indicating that it can provide an enhanced level of dietary protein and vitamin C relative to these standard potato varieties. Pomerelle Russet has moderate specific gravity and good resistance to sugar ends. It also has moderately long dormancy, about 30 days shorter than Russet Burbank. Average post-harvest processing ratings for Pomerelle Russet were similar to Ranger Russet and greater than Russet Burbank. Pomerelle Russet also has maintained acceptable fry color for about 180–200 days in storage at 8.9 °C, indicating potential for processing out of mid-term storage, with improved fry color uniformity relative to industry standards. However, its primary use appears to be as a high quality, early fresh variety.     

鲜食糯玉米品种热力学特性评价

热力学特性是评价鲜食糯玉米子粒均匀性、热稳定性和回生程度的重要指标。为了解我国鲜食糯玉米品种热力学特性,利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定104个鲜食糯玉米品种的热力学特性,并采用主成分分析方法对其结果进行评价。结果表明,鲜食糯玉米104个品种间淀粉热力学特征参数有显著差异,且不同参数中以回生值变异最大,回生样品的终值温度变异最小。相关分析表明,糯玉米淀粉胶凝特征参数起始温度、峰值温度、终值温度两两极显著正相关,糊化范围与峰值指数呈极显著负相关,回生热焓值和回生值呈极显著正相关。将热力学特征参数可简化为4个主成分,累计方差贡献率为86.11%。104个糯玉米品种可分为8大类,其中I和II类分别有53和43个品种,共占供试材料的92.3%,是最主要的两种类型。糯玉米淀粉热力学特征值间有良好的相关性,影响鲜食糯玉米子粒品质最重要的热力学特征值为回生值、热焓值和胶凝温度。     

Sensory Evaluation of Eleven Baked Russet-type Potato Varieties and Clones

Six hundred untrained panelists evaluated the baked sensory appeal of up to six varieties, three clones, and two Russet Norkotah (RN) strains. Panelists consumed small samples of plain baked potato and recorded their preference for aroma, flavor, texture, aftertaste and acceptance. After viewing photographs of two unidentified baked potatoes (RN and Classic Russet) sliced in half, they selected the photo that best described their visual preference of a baked potato; each potato was stored at 6.7 °C for 6 months prior to cooking. Eighty percent of panelists shown the photographs of the unidentified baked potatoes preferred the visual appearance of Classic R (white/cream - colored  flesh) to that of RN (yellow/Gy - colored flesh). Mean scores for all culinary traits averaged > 5.0 on the 1-9 scale, which indicated that panelists generally liked the culinary attributes of all trialed varieties, however, panelists were able to detect differences among varieties. Flavor and texture were addressed in written comments from panelists more frequently than other attributes. On a texture scale of 1–7, with 1 = moist/dense and 7 = dry/crumbly, most panelists preferred baked potatoes with a texture of 3 (creamy/smooth).     

Growth Strategies for a Declining Market- the German Fresh Potato Market

To determine potential growth strategies for the German fresh potato market, production area, harvested quantities, producer prices and consumption values for the German potato market were examined using trend analysis. German potato harvests were stable over time due to improved growing techniques. Producer longterm prices stayed stable despite their periodic volatility. Overall production area and levels of fresh potato consumption are undergoing a sharp decline. Furthermore, there is a significant relation between total yield and producer prices as dependent variables. In order to compensate for the reduction in consumption, a framework was developed to change the commodity status of fresh potatoes into a differentiated product with new market potential. A consumer and product orientated market segmentation and analysis was applied to the fresh potato market to identify trends and future opportunities. Application of these new differentiated products will help stop the decline of fresh potato consumption by attracting new customers in urban and rural areas. In addition, these new markets are expected to reduce the producer price volatility.     

甘薯新品种(系)的抗病鉴定与筛选

鉴定了福建省泉州市农业科学研究所新育成的311个甘薯品种(系)对甘薯瘟与蔓割病的抗性,结果表明抗薯瘟Ⅰ、Ⅱ型菌和蔓割病的品种(系)分别有153(占64.29%)、37(占15.55%)和238(占76.53%)份.进一步鉴定了抗病品种(系)薯块产量、品质等性状,筛选出泉薯647、23、11、932、721、848、052、145、153、922等综合表现较好的抗病品种(系).同时分析了抗病品种(系)组合双亲的抗源构成,结果抗(MR～HR)薯瘟Ⅰ型菌和抗(MH～HR)蔓割病的品种(系)均主要选自双亲抗性为R×R组合,分别为94(占61.44%)和132(占55.46%)个;抗(MR或R)薯瘟Ⅱ型菌品种(系)主要选自双亲抗性为R×R、R×S、S×R和 S×S等4类组合,各有6～11(占16.22%～29.73%)个.     

淀粉加工型马铃薯种质资源的引进与评价

淀粉产量是淀粉加工企业普遍关心的重要问题。利用当地主栽品种克新13号作为对照品种,对引进的7个马铃薯新品种(系)进行了田间对比试验。试验结果表明:春薯4号、呼H99-9、呼H99-8、中心202的产量高于对照,海伦3号、综合和HL02-2的产量低于对照。从大中薯率来看,仅中心202高于对照。引进的7个品种淀粉含量均高于对照,其中淀粉含量最高的品种是综合,淀粉含量达22.05%,其次是海伦3号,淀粉含量达19.98%。除了HL02-2外,其余品种的淀粉产量均高于对照。从整体评价结果来看,呼H99-9、呼H99-8和海伦3号的淀粉含量及淀粉产量都优于对照品种克新13号,适合在当地推广种植,而中心202可以用作早期淀粉加工。     

应用AMMI模型评价马铃薯品种的稳定性和适应性

应用AMMI模型对6个马铃薯品种的区试产量进行了分析。结果表明:在线型回归分析的条件不具备时,AMMI模型可解释基因型与环境之间的互作。通过AMMI模型双标图和稳定性参数可以比较基因型与环境互作的大小,进而评价各参试品种的稳定性与适应性。