联合收割机的应用技术

联合收割机是将农作物收割、谷物脱粒在田间一次性作业的农业机械。联合收割机的应用大大降低了农民的劳动强度,提高了工作效率,节约了大量的人力、物力,减少了燃油的消耗,缩短了秋收的劳动时间,增加了农民经济收入。     

农业机械化在解决“三农”问题中发挥积极作用

农业机械化的发展不断替代了农村劳力,一方面提高了劳动生产率,另一方面推进了农村劳动力进城务工,实现工资性收入,拓展了增收空间,缩小了城乡差别,实现了城乡统筹发展,改变了农村二元结构,化解了“三农”问题,推进了农业现代化、城镇化、工业化和信息化的同步发展。     

农机管理新政出台 农民欢欣鼓舞 甘肃省白银市免费管理赢得满堂喝彩

2009年9月，对于甘肃省会宁县郭城驿镇八百户村的吕生礼来说，又是一个高兴的日子。他用自己的拖拉机帮邻居家从镇上运了几袋化肥，随便吃了点饭，又高高兴兴地装了自家产的蔬菜去镇上卖了。一天下来，也有一笔不小的收入。现在他可以大大方方地干了，再也不像以前得东躲西藏，早出晚归地防着相关部门的人查证了。因为会宁县农机部门对他进行了免费培训，并免费给他的拖拉机挂了牌，发放了所有的证件。     

筒式减振器油液泄漏机理的研究

通过对减振器油液泄漏机理进行分析,得到了泄漏的主要影响因素.论述了减振器油液物理特性,并对使用前、后的减振器油液进行了物理和化学特性测试分析;对油液运动进行分析,建立了减振器临界速度的概念,给出了阻尼系数随速度变化的曲线;对液压气穴现象产生的机理进行分析,得到了气穴产生的影响因素.同时,对减振器进行了受力分析,建立了摩擦力解析计算式,给出了减小摩擦力的措施;对减振器密封圈的结构进行了分析,对吞入空气和泄漏油液的机理进行了探讨,提出了减振器油封结构设计应采取的措施.     

以新农村电气化推动新农村建设——河北省曲周县供电公司新农村电气化村建设

“村里的电线规范了，墙上的电表箱漂亮了，村民们的用电安全了；灯泡变亮了，空调器能用了，生产生活比以前更方便了。”这是河北省曲周县小弟八村党支部书记张敬云在新农村电气化建设后发出的肺腑之言。     

长治市玉米收获机械化发展探索

阐述了长治市发展玉米机械化收获的重要意义,介绍了玉米生产发展现状,分析了制约玉米收获机械化的主要因素,提出了今后玉米收获机械化的发展建议,展望了长治市玉米机械化收获的发展前景。     

农机在农民增收中的作用

大力发展农业机械化，推动农业现代化，有力地促进了农村生产力的提高，有效地降低了劳动强度，大幅度提高了农业劳动生产率，改变了农民的生活方式，提高了农民的生活质量，为农业增产、农民增收提供了有力的物质保障。农业机械已成为农民赖以生活、生产的重要条件，成为农民的好帮手，促进了农民的增收。     

以新农村电气化推动新农村建设——河北省曲周县供电公司新农村电气化村建设侧记

"村里的电线规范了,墙上的电表箱漂亮了,村民们的用电安全了;灯泡变亮了.空调器能用了,生产生活比以前更方便了."     

联合收割机谷物损失传感器试验研究

为了提高联合收割机谷物损失传感器的测试精度,进行了大量物料试验,全面分析和总结了试验结果,进一步改进了联合收割机谷物损失传感器结构以及标定方案,加装了能起预紧和防松作用的限位-紧固螺母,更换了隔振垫,重新确定了标定小球.标定结果显示,传感器线性度有了显著的改善,从而有效地提高了测试精度.     

玉米胚芽制油国家标准执行中的一些问题及建议

本文提出了GB19111-2003《玉米油》中存在的一些问题及建议,讨论了行业进步对标准的要求,介绍了玉米胚芽的来源,提出了玉米胚芽油的命名合理性,讨论了解决原油指标的办法,分析了色泽、烟点指标容易造成油脂过度精炼原因以及讨论了冷冻试验方法的改进。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。