西番莲丰产栽培经验总结

西双版纳州西番莲种植多年来，不少种植基地由于技术薄弱、管理粗放，而停留在产量低、收益少的状态，基诺山种植场由于抓管理、抓技术而获得了丰收；１９９７年８月种植西番莲１．６３３ｈｍ２，１９９８年产果总量达３０８８１ｋｇ，平均产量为１８．９０ｔ／ｈｍ２，总...     

红毛丹插条生根的试验研究

红毛丹(Nephelium lappaceum Linn)是无患子科,韶子属的植物,原产亚州热带湿热地区,以马来西亚、印度为分布中心,是亚洲热带地区的著名水果,目前已广泛引种到世界各湿热地区。我国从60年代引种,经过多年的栽培实践,我们认为西双版纳宜于种植红毛丹。其果肉品质、风味以及产量等经济性状指标都和原产地相似。(在西双版纳栽种红毛丹单株产量达80—150市斤)。红毛丹分雄株和两性植株,只有两性株才能结果,如果采用种子繁殖,虽然发芽快,发芽率可达100％,但两性植株率只为20—30％,70—80％都是不能结果的雄株。且从播种到开花结果需6—7年,周期较长。红毛丹的芽接非常困难,因为其淀粉含     

木本油料植物星油藤嫩茎叶营养成分分析

[目的]分析星油藤Plukenetia volubilis嫩茎叶的营养成分,为其作为新型木本蔬菜开发利用提供参考依据.[方法]以中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园星油藤基地种植的星油藤嫩茎叶为供试材料,采用恒温干燥法测定其水分含量,使用Kjeltec 8400全自动定氮仪、S433D全自动氨基酸分析仪和Optima 8000...     

留兰香栽培技术

留兰香与薄荷一样，是重要的天然香料植物之一。我国栽培的留兰香主要有“大叶”和“小叶”两种、前者适应性广，生长势强，原油产量较高，年亩产油７公斤左右，但原油香气较差，后者适应性差，易倒伏，且病害重，原油产量较低，年亩产油５公斤左右，但原油香气好，品质较好。 留兰香喜温暖、湿润，对环境条件的适应性较薄荷强，我国大部分地区均能种植，一般在立冬至大雪期间播种，当早春气温在５℃左右时，播于土壤中的种根能发芽出苗。在生产上，一般以地下茎作为繁殖的材料，也有将匍匐茎、地上部的植株切成带２至３个节的小段作为繁殖…     

橡胶树白粉病对橡胶产量损失的研究

１９８４—１９８９年，在西双版纳、临沧植胶区以生产上的主要种植品系为材料，采用人为控制病情的方法，通过小区比较试验、生产性试验和验证，多次重复测定白粉病严重度对胶树群体产胶、产果量，以及季风性落叶病的影响。其结果表明：干胶产量损失率与病害严重程度呈曲线关系，轻病对干胶产量无明显影响，中病不但不减产反而显著增产，重及特重病才显著减产；保留中等程度的白粉病，不但干胶产量有所增加，而且还可以达到明显控制季风性落叶病的目的；故中等病情既是经济上容许的病害水平，又是最经济合理的防治标准；白粉病严重落叶后在保护好第二蓬叶的前提下不休割，可以减少休割造成的损失，另外，在保证次年轻或中病条件下也不会明显影响次年的干胶产量。     

毛脉树胡椒的栽培技术

毛脉树胡椒（Piper hispidenervum）又名树胡椒、毛叶树胡椒，属胡椒科，胡椒属植物，其枝叶可提取芳香油，叶油富含黄樟素（），是一种Safrol经济价值较高的香料植物。为促进我省在适宜热区对毛脉树胡椒的种植和开发，本文特对毛脉树胡椒的栽培技术作全面介绍。用途及经济价值1 毛脉树胡椒在南美洲原产地干叶出油率为～3%，主要成分黄樟素的含量达～4??%［］1；西双版纳热带植物园引种栽培，干叶出油率～3.41% ，含黄樟素～，与原产地相当，油质4.07??%较好。毛脉树胡椒近缘种奥里图树胡椒（P. auritum）叶油含黄樟素；光…     

西番莲育苗技术

西番莲是西双版纳的新兴产业，云南省“１８生物工程”项目之一。近年来，西番莲在西双版纳种植已具规模，而且还继续扩大种植。笔者根据几年来的西番莲育苗经验，总结了一套育苗技术，供广大种植者参考。西双版纳广泛种植的是黄果西番莲群体种。定植多采用裸根苗，少量使...     

基于西双版纳亚洲象食物源基地建设的有效性探究

指出了西双版纳作为我国重要的旅游景点之一,其中的野生动物种类非常丰富,西双版纳亚洲象在其中最为著名。但是,在我国资源的发展过程中,由于一些外界因素的影响,西双版纳亚洲象的野外食物并不足,这严重影响了我国物种资源的发展。因此,为了增加野生食物的数量,对西双版纳亚洲象食物源基地的建设原则、建设效果进行了分析,提出了具体的建设措施,希望能给相关的研究学者提供帮助。     

推广种植乡土树种,发展社区经济

西双版纳有着丰富的乡土植物资源，当地居民有着采集野生林产品及种植四旁树的悠久历史，没有大面积种植乡土树种的习惯。中德技术合作西双版纳热带林保护与恢复项目通过示范和资助开展了乡土树种的育苗和种植活动，取得了一定的成果，并对今后工作提出了建议。     

云南不同海拔小粒种咖啡生长发育情况调查

对云南思茅、保山、德宏、西双版纳4个地区的调查结果，小粒种咖啡在海拔900m以下的植株生长量和第3年的产量大于海拔1 100、1 300m植区的生长量和产量，但随海拔升高咖啡干豆千粒种增加，大象豆减少；随海拔升高，咖啡的果酸度增加，杯品品质提高。     

鲜(干)薄荷叶、薄荷花及花苞挥发油的GC-MS比较分析

比较分析新鲜、干燥的薄荷叶、薄荷花及花苞的挥发油化学成分.采用挥发油提取法提取薄荷叶、薄荷花及薄荷花苞的挥发油,用GC-MS进行分析鉴定.实验结果表明:从薄荷叶、薄荷花、薄荷花苞中共检测出28种化学成分,含有许多烯、醇及酮类物质,主要由1-薄荷醇、胡薄荷酮、萜品烯、β-石竹烯和桉叶油醇组成.薄荷花与花苞同薄荷叶的化合物基本相同,干燥薄荷样品特征化合物如1-薄荷醇、胡薄荷酮和异薄荷酮的相对成分较新鲜的含量更多,α-律草烯和反式松香芹醇为花苞独有.     

萃取法提取薄荷油的化学成分比较

采用水蒸气蒸馏(SD)法和超临界CO2萃取(SCDE)法从薄荷中提取挥发油,并用GC-MS技术对其化学成分进行了分析.SD法提取薄荷油的出油率为1.15%,SCDE法提取薄荷油的出油率为2.43%.GC-MS分析表明,SD法提取的薄荷油中含44种化学成分,占总挥发油的97%以上,其中薄荷醇相对含量为69.4%;SCDE法提取的挥发油中含38种化学成分,占总挥发油的92%以上,其中薄荷醇相对含量为61.8%.     

Antibacterial properties of essential oils from Thai medicinal plants

By using disc diffusion assay, the antimicrobial activity of 32 essential oil samples extracted from local plants or plants cultivated in Thailand was evaluated against zoonotic enteropathogens including Salmonella spp., Escherichai coli O157, Campylobacter jejunii and Clostridium perferingens which are important for broiler export. Out of the essential oil tested, only the essential oil of Zingiber cassumuna, Cinnamomum bejolghota, Mentha arvensis var. piperacens, Cymbopogon citratus and Ocimum basilicum var. citratum showed promising antibacterial activity against the bacteria tested.     

Phytochemical study of Mentha longifolia of Morocco.

A phytochemical study of Moroccan Mentha longifolia was carried out. The essential oil showed unusual relevant amounts of piperitenone oxide and piperitone oxide, which constitute a new chemotype. From the non-volatile extract, five flavonoids were isolated, among which 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6,2',3'-trimethoxyflavone (1) is reported for the first time.     

Organogenesis and terpenoid synthesis in Mentha arvensis

Leaf discs obtained from field grown plants of Mentha arvensis were used to initiate multiple shoots on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (5 mg l(-1)) and naphthaleneacetic acid (0.5 mg l(-1)). Profuse rooting was achieved when the well-grown shoots were cultured on half strength MS medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (2 mg l(-1)). The regenerated plantlets were hardened and successfully transferred to soil and grown to maturity. Tissues at different stages of differentiation were analyzed for their essential oil content and characteristic monoterpene pattern. Tissue culture raised plants show the same essential oil profile as that of the parent plant. However, tissues at early stages of growth show distinct changes in oil composition, such as high levels of pulegone in shoot cultures.     

Insecticidal activity of some essential oils against larvae of Spodoptera littoralis

Thirty-four essential oils were tested for insecticidal activity (fumigation or topical application) against larvae Spodoptera littoralis. Twenty essential oils applied by fumigation were highly toxic to the third instar of S. littoralis larvae. Two essential oils Nepeta cataria and Thuja occidentalis were highly toxic, with LC50< or =10.0 ml/m3. Five essential oils Salvia sclarea, Thymus mastichina, Origanum majorana, Pogostemon cablin and Mentha pulegium were toxic with LC50 between 10.1 and 20.0 l ml/m3. Twenty-three essential oils were highly toxic to the third instar of S. littoralis larvae after topical application. Eight essential oils Mentha citrata, N. cataria, S. sclarea, O. vulgare, O. compactum, Melissa officinalis, T. mastichina, and Lavandula angustifolia were highly toxic with LD50 < or =0.05 microl/larvae.     

武陵山区薄荷油成分分析及品质研究

对武陵山区引种栽培的椒样薄荷和亚洲薄荷进行水蒸汽蒸馏,提取薄荷油,采用气相色谱（GC－14A）进行组成成分分析,表明武陵山区这两种薄荷油的品质优良,优干出口日本的其他产地薄荷油。     

茉莉花香气、茉莉花精油及净油挥发性成分的HS-SPME-GC-MS和GC-MS比较分析

为了寻找茉莉花香气、茉莉花精油和净油成分的差异,指导茉莉花产品加工,采用顶空固相微萃取和气质联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)或气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)进行挥发性成分的分析。结果表明,挥发性成分组成主要是酯类和萜类,共同成分有10个,这些成分应是构成茉莉花香气的基础。精油中重组分含量相对较低(4.84%),其香气较纯正;净油中,头香成分含量相对较低,重组分含量偏高(23.79%),导致香气不够纯正。茉莉花精油和净油加工生产时,为保证香气纯正,须防止乙酸苯甲酯和芳樟醇等成分流失。     

Insecticidal effects of the powdery formulation based on clay and essential oil from the leaves of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clausena anisata</Emphasis> (Willd.) J. D. Hook ex. Benth. (Rutaceae) against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acanthoscelides obtectus</Emphasis> (Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

The bioefficacies of essential oil and aromatized clay powder based on the mixture of clay and essential oil extracted from Clausena anisata were evaluated for their insecticidal activities and their effects on progeny production of Acanthoscelides obtectus. Contact toxicity assayed by coating on bean grains showed that these chemicals caused significant mortality of the test insect. Beetle mortality was dose dependant and after 2-day exposure the aromatized clay powder was more toxic (LD₅₀ = 0.069 μl/g grain) than the pure essential oil (LD₅₀ = 0.081 μl/g grain). There was, however, a highly significant loss of toxicity after 24 and 36 h following treatment with essential oil and aromatized powder, respectively. Both aromatized clay powder and pure essential oil considerably reduced the F₁ progeny insect production. The essential oil evoked moderated repellent action and high fumigant toxicity (LC₅₀ = 0.093 μl/cm³) against adults of A. obtectus. These results suggest that the clay powder could be used to stabilize the essential oil to increase its efficacy for use as an alternative to synthetic insecticides.     

福建漳州芳香油桉树引种与种源试验

桉树属(Eucalyptus)树种繁多,共700多种,其中绝大多数为澳大利亚的特有树种。芳香油桉树是指以利用桉属树种的叶油腺细胞分泌出来的一种芳香油为主要生产目的的桉树树种。在澳大利亚,芳香油桉树的遗传资源非常丰富,桉叶油生产已有上百年历史。桉树芳香油在医药、日化工业、食品和化妆品生产中应用广泛。福建省是我国桉树芳香油的主要产区之一,主要是柠檬桉。为丰富我国南亚热带地区芳香油桉树基因资源,发掘其在森林生态系统中的应用潜力,中国林科院与澳大利亚国际农业研究中心(ACIAR)合作进行该试