急性免疫应激对肉仔鸡血液指标及肌肉脂质过氧化的影响

细菌脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,简称LPS)是存在于革兰氏阴性菌细胞壁外膜中的致病成分。试验利用细菌脂多糖诱导急性免疫应激,研究短期注射不同剂量细菌脂多糖对肉仔鸡血液生化指标和肌肉脂质过氧化的影响。选择80只体重相近的21日龄肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,其中3个试验组分别在21、23、25(选择3周龄的肉仔鸡连续3次隔天注射LPS引发急性免疫应激)日龄连续3次经腹腔注射LPS生理盐水稀释液,剂量为每千克体重250、500、1000μg,对照组注射等量生理盐水,试验期6d。在21、23日龄注射LPS3h后和25日龄注射LPS24h后(21、23日龄取血是检测注射LPS后3h血液指标的变化,在25日龄注射LPS24h后杀鸡测肉质指标时,也取血液测血液指标,观测血液指标随注射时间的变化趋势)取血液制备血浆、血清,测定血清细胞因子、血浆丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶的含量;26日龄取试鸡胸肌,测定丙二醛及超氧化物歧化酶含量。结果表明:①LPS刺激显著提高了血清中细胞因子的水平(P<0.05);②LPS刺激显著提高了血浆和胸肌中丙二醛的含量(P<0.05);③低剂量LPS刺激显著降低了血浆中超氧化物歧化酶的含量(P<0.05),而高剂量LPS刺激有显著提高血浆及胸肌中超氧化物歧化酶含量的趋势(P<0.05)。     

Effect of heat stress on oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and some stress parameters in broilers

1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of heat stress on fearfulness, leucocyte components, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in two commercial broiler strains, Cobb (C) and Ross (R). 2. At 36 and 37 d of age birds were exposed to 38 +/- 1 degree C for 3 h. Rectal temperatures, duration of tonic immobility (TI), haematocrit values, proportions of leucocyte components (heterophil, lymphocyte, basophil, eosinophil, monocyte), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, GPx) of all the birds were determined, before and after heat treatment. 3. Rectal temperatures increased and haematocrit values decreased in birds exposed to heat stress. Heat stress caused a significant increase in heterophil/lymphocyte and in basophil ratios. 4. Exposing birds to heat stress increased duration of TI, suggesting heat-stressed birds tended to be more fearful. 5. Heat stress resulted in a significant Genotype x Treatment interaction for MDA concentration. CAT, SOD and GPx activities; MDA concentrations in heat-stressed R strain birds were greater than in heat-stressed C strain birds.     

溶血卵磷脂对肉仔鸡脂类代谢的影响

选200羽1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分成对照组和试验组(每组10个重复),试验组日粮添加0.1%溶血卵磷脂,研究溶血卵磷脂对肉鸡脂类代谢的影响。结果表明:溶血卵磷脂降低肝脏系数和肝脂率(P>0.05)、血清总甘油三酯与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)(P>0.05)、LDL-C/HDL-C和葡萄糖含量(P<0.05),提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和游离脂肪酸含量(P<0.05),上调肉仔鸡肝脏载脂蛋白B(P<0.01)和脂肪酸合成酶(P=0.155)mRNA表达水平;而对肉仔鸡的42日龄体重、腹脂率、皮下脂肪厚、肌间脂肪厚、腿肌和胸肌含脂率以及血清总胆固醇、三碘甲腺原氨酸、四碘甲腺原氨酸、促甲状腺激素刺激激素和胰岛素含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。结果提示:溶血卵磷脂对肉仔鸡有减少肝脂肪沉积及降血脂作用。     

Effect of gossypol on blood serum parameters and small intestinal morphology of male broilers

Summary In the present study, the effect of varied gossypol (GOSS) amounts was investigated on blood parameters, the digesta pH, villus height, villus width, and crypta depth, width of duodenum, jejunum and ileum. A total of one hundred eight Ross 308 male broilers were fed with four diet groups as follows: no gossypol (control), gossypol rate 62 mg/kg (GOSS 62), gossypol rate 124 mg/kg (GOSS 124) and gossypol rate 186 mg/kg (GOSS 186). The effect of used gossypol amounts on blood parameters was not found to be statistically significant. Increases in digesta pH values of jejunum and ileum with GOSS 186 diet group were found to be statistically significant. The results also indicated that, except duodenum villus height, there was no statistical difference effect of GOSS on epithelial cell thickness, villus height, villus width, crypta depth and crypta width of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. There have been no clearly negative effects of higher gossypol amounts up to 186 mg/kg diets on these parameters.     

Effects of iron–glycine chelate on growth,carcass characteristic,liver mineral concentrations and haematological and biochemical blood parameters in broilers

Studies were carried out to determine the effect of additive iron–glycine chelate on the production performance, slaughter yield, mineral deposition in the liver and the metabolic blood panel in broiler chickens. A total of 250 one‐day‐old Ross 308 chicks were allotted into five groups with five replicates of 10 birds each. Diets were supplemented with the organic form iron (Fe–Gly at the rate of 25%, 50% or 100% of the total requirements of the elements) and inorganic Fe (FeSO₄ at the rate of 50% or 100%). In the experiment, iron was added to the premix (containing no Fe) in an amount of 40 or 20 mg per kg of basal diet, in groups I and II, in the form of FeSO₄, and in an amount of 40, 20 or 10 mg per kg of basal diet, in groups III, IV and V, in the form of Fe–Gly. The study covering the period from the first to the 42nd day of breeding revealed that the production performance and slaughter yield were not dependent on the form and amount of added Fe. In the experimental groups with the addition of Fe–Gly of 20 or 10 mg/kg, there were no deaths of chickens during the whole fattening period. As a result, introducing an organic form of iron covering 50% and 25% of the birds' requirement increased the effectiveness of chicken fattening (European Efficiency Index) (p < 0.01). An organic Fe compound (40, 20 or 10 mg/kg) added to mixtures contributed to significant changes in the level of biochemical and haematological indicators in blood. The study demonstrated that an addition of Fe–Gly to mixtures for broilers can be fully effective in terms of production and health performance even if the suggested requirement for this element is 50% or 25% covered.     

Effect of transportation on blood metabolites in broilers

1. Groups of 30 broilers from seven flocks were bled and weighed at the farm and a further sample of 10 broilers from each flock was transported from 8 to 16 km to the laboratory prior to bleeding and weighing. 2. One haematological and 11 biochemical analyses were made on each blood sample. 3. Although transportation did lead to significant differences in certain variables, the trends were consistent and sampling following transit is considered acceptable for clinical pathology studies.     

热应激对肉仔鸡血液生化指标影响的观察

应激对集约化肉鸡生产起着严重的制约作用 ,尤其高温 ,使肉鸡生产性能、免疫力下降、发病率和死亡率显著升高 [1]。但是有关热应激机理的研究结论并不完全相同[2 ] ,为此 ,本研究以高温作为应激原 ,系统的研究了热应激肉仔鸡血清激素、酶、蛋白质和离子的动态变化 ,探讨热应激对机体代谢、电解质平衡及内分泌机能的影响 ,以期为肉仔鸡热应激的防制提供理论依据。1　材料与方法1 .1　试验动物与分组　 1 4日龄健康 AA肉仔鸡1 2 0只 ,由莱芜市种鸡厂提供。雏鸡全部饲养于 1 0m2 封闭试验动物房的层叠笼中 ,供给全价饲料 ,自由饮水和采食。按…     

实验性腹水综合征对肉仔鸡生产性能及血液参数的影响

肉鸡腹水综合征（ASC）又称肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征（PHS），是肉鸡疾病、死亡和胴体淘汰的最主要因素，导致巨大的经济损失。据调查报道，全球每年因肉鸡ASC所造成的经济损失大约为10亿美元，因ASC死亡而造成的经济损失约为5亿美元Ⅲ。目前，从遗传育种和兽医病理学角度研究肉鸡ASC的文献资料很多，然而，从营养的角度来研究肉鸡ASC的资料较少，尤其缺乏机制性的研究。     

铜对肉鸡原代肝细胞三磷酸腺苷水平的影响

本试验以五水硫酸铜作为试验铜源,设0μmol/L、50μmol/L、100μmol/L、150μmol/L四个浓度组。采用荧光酶标仪,分别在4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h和48 h检测肉鸡原代肝细胞内各组三磷酸腺苷(ATP)水平的变化情况。结果 48 h时50μmol/L组ATP水平最高,之后逐步降低;100μmol/L组和150μmol/L组在8 h时ATP水平升高,之后逐步降低。表明铜的浓度越高、作用时间越长,细胞ATP水平则越低。     

福美双和铜对肉鸡胫骨软骨发育不良的影响

本试验旨在研究福美双和铜对肉鸡胫骨软骨发育不良、血清相关酶活性和组织铜含量的影响。100羽1日龄AA肉鸡随机分为4组,从8日龄起分别给予基础日粮(对照组),福美双日粮(基础日粮+福美双100 mg/kg),福美双低铜日粮(基础日粮+福美双100 mg/kg+CuSO4.5H2O 50 mg/kg),福美双高铜日粮(基础日粮+福美双100 mg/kg+CuSO4.5H2O 100 mg/kg),试验期至21日龄。结果表明:(1)日粮中添加福美双(100 mg/kg)能显著增加肉鸡TD的发生率;添加铜能降低福美双的这种作用,两者之间存在明显的互作关系;(2)与对照组相比,福美双组和福美双高铜日粮组肉鸡血清钙、磷水平明显升高(P<0.05);血清ALT水平在各组之间无显著差异;血清ALP、AST水平,福美双高铜日粮组与其余各组相比明显升高,差异显著(P<0.05);(3)与对照组相比,其余各组肉鸡胫骨长度均显著下降(P<0.05);(4)日粮中铜添加可提高各组织中铜的沉积;添加福美双能提高肝脏、肾脏、胰腺中铜的沉积,同时降低铜在肾脏中的沉积,而铜的添加能够降低福美双所引起的肾脏铜的增加。提示福美双可能通过损伤肝、肾功能,影响机体组织对铜的生物利用从而诱导肉鸡胫骨软骨发育不良的发生。     

Effects of copper deficiency on T-cell mitogenic responsiveness and phenotypic profile of blood mononuclear cells from swine.

The effect of dietary copper deficiency on T-cell mitogenic responsiveness and phenotypic profile of blood mononuclear cells (MNC) in weaned pigs was examined. Outbred, weaned pigs were fed a semipurified diet containing adequate (6.4 mg/kg of body weight) or deficient (0.8 mg/kg) amounts of Cu. Pigs fed the low Cu diet for 10 weeks had markedly decreased concentrations of Cu in liver and plasma, and hypertrophic hearts. In vitro reactivity of MNC from Cu-deficient pigs to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A was significantly suppressed. This functional impairment was not associated with a decrease in the percentage of T cells, CD4 or CD8 cell subsets, or B cells. Expression of SLA-DQ and SLA-DR class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens was increased by Cu deficiency, the former significantly. Unlike rodents, in which inadequate Cu nutriture induces functional T cell deficiency that is associated with a decrease in the CD4 T-cell subset, swine fed inadequate Cu diets for 10 weeks had no changes in MNC subsets yet clearly manifested functional impairment of T-cell responses.     

伊普异黄酮对不同生长阶段肉鸡生长性能和有关血清生化指标的影响

选用1日龄艾维茵肉鸡100羽,随机分成2组,试验组在基础日粮中添加伊普异黄酮5 mg/kg。试验开始3周后宰杀40羽,6周后宰杀剩余的60羽,研究伊普异黄酮对不同生长阶段肉鸡生长性能的影响。结果显示,添喂伊普异黄酮分别使生长前期公鸡和母鸡增重提高2.21%、0.95%,血清尿酸含量降低27.06%(P<0.05)、1.06%,血清T3水平升高12.4%、9.67%,血清FT3水平升高56.51%(P<0.05)、7.06%;使整个生长期公鸡和母鸡增重提高10.73%(P<0.05)、5.86%,血清尿酸含量降低35.11%(P<0.05)、14.63%,血清T3水平升高42.56%(P<0.05)、73.24%(P<0.05),血清FT3水平升高126.56%(P<0.01)、85.88%(P<0.05),同时血清碱性磷酸酶活性明显升高,血清钙、总胆固醇、甘油三酯含量均明显降低。     

Changes in the blood biochemical and haematological profile of neonatal calves with age

Fourteen calves were used to investigate the changes from birth to 83 days of age in the concentrations of serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, beta-hydroxybutyrate, plasma cortisol, serum creatine kinase, creatinine, iron, plasma fibrinogen, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase, plasma glucose, haptoglobin, serum non-esterified fatty acids, total protein, transferrin, triglycerides, urea and gamma globulin; the haematological variables measured were: basophils, eosinophils, haematocrit, haemoglobin, lymphocytes, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume, monocytes, band neutrophils, neutrophils, platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells. The changes are presented as a series of graphs and the values are discussed in relation to the published reference ranges for adult cattle. Two populations of calves were identified which gave rise to a bimodal distribution for some of the variables. Differences in haematocrit, haemoglobin and red blood cell counts were apparent at birth, with raised values for these measurements being associated with an increased white blood cell and neutrophil count between three and 27 days of age.     

日粮不同铜、维生素A水平及互作效应对肉仔鸡体内几种蛋白代谢相关指标的影响

选用1日龄艾维因肉仔鸡448只,随机分为8组,每组4个重复,每重复14只(公母各半).用4×2(Cu×VA)完全随机设计,铜的添加量为0、8、150、225 mg/kg,维生素A的添加量为1 500和5 000 IU/kg.探讨日粮不同铜、维生素A水平及互作效应对肉仔鸡体内几种蛋白代谢相关指标的影响.结果显示日粮低铜(0～8 mg/kg)组血清尿素氮(SUN)质量浓度降低,血清总蛋白(TP)质量浓度提高,血清谷草转胺酶(GOT)和谷丙转胺酶(GPT)的活性提高;高剂量维生素A(5 000 IU/kg)组SUN质量浓度降低,TP质量浓度显著增加;低铜(0 mg/kg)与高剂量维生素A(5 000 IU/kg)在降低SUN质量浓度和提高TP质量浓度方面有协同作用.结果表明低铜(0～8 mg/kg)利于肉仔鸡体内蛋白质合成.     

高铜对雏鸡血液生化指标的影响

选用1日龄艾维茵肉鸡健雏420只,随机分为7组,分别饲以含铜11 mg/kg的基础日粮和含铜量分别为100（Ⅰ）、200（Ⅱ）、300（Ⅲ）、400（Ⅳ）、500（Ⅴ）、600 mg/kg（Ⅵ）的6种高铜日粮6周,探讨高铜对雏鸡某些血液生化指标的影响。结果显示：高铜Ⅰ组的血清铜蓝蛋白与铜锌SOD酶活性显著升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;高铜Ⅵ组的红细胞数量、血红蛋白含量和血清铜蓝蛋白活性降低,与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0.05）;高铜Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组的血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性、血清尿素氮和肌酐含量,血清铜和肝铜含量显著升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。     

Effect of gender and exercise on haematological and biochemical parameters in Holsteiner horses

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of exercise of average intensity in the haematological and biochemical values, as well as acidic resistance of erythrocytes in mares and stallions of Holsteiner breed. A total of seventeen horses of Holstein breed (seven mares and 10 stallions aged 6 years) were used in this study. The blood samples were assessed for haematocrit (HCT) value, haemoglobin concentration (HGB), the amount of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), platelets (PLT), leucogram, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), red cell distribution width (RDW) and platelet distribution width (PDW). Serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as oxidative stress biomarkers were analysed. Stallions showed a significant increase in leucocytes and granulocytes amount, as well as erythrocytes, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels after exercise test. Pre‐exercise level of mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was higher in stallions. At the same time, mares showed significant decrease in platelet volume after exercise test. Physical effort in stallions leads to significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity. Trained mares and stallions showed a decrease in lipid peroxidation after exercise. Exercise also caused increase in oxidative modified protein of erythrocytes in stallions indicating by exercise‐induced oxidative stress. The resistance of erythrocytes in 0.1 m HCl was similar between females and males. No statistically significant differences in the percentage of haemolysed erythrocytes before and after exercise were observed.     

Effect of a rosemary and oregano volatile oil mixture on performance, lipid oxidation of meat and haematological parameters in Pharaoh quails

1. This study was conducted to determine the utility of a volatile oil (VO) mixture in quail diets as a natural growth promoter. Different levels of VO mixtures, derived from rosemary and oregano, were added to a basal diet to determine the effects of the mixture on live weight (LW), live weight gain (LWG), feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcase yield (CY), lipid oxidation level in thigh meat samples, and blood constituents.

2. A total of 880 one-day-old Pharaoh (Coturnix coturnix Pharaoh) quails, including both males and females, were divided into 4 groups containing 220 quails and treated as follows: (1) a control treatment with 0?mg VO/kg of diet; (2) 100?mg/kg rosemary VO plus 100?mg/kg oregano VO (50:50%); (3) 140?mg/kg oregano VO plus 60?mg/kg rosemary VO (70:30%); and (4) 60?mg/kg oregano VO plus 140?mg/kg rosemary VO (30:70%). The diets were prepared fresh for each treatment. The experiment was carried out for 42?d.

3. The results of the study showed that the highest concentration of rosemary oil (140?mg/kg) caused a significant increase in live weight, live weight gain and carcase yields during the growing and finishing periods. However, feed intake and FCR were not significantly influenced by treatments.

4. The quails fed with rations containing the VO mixture derived from rosemary and oregano had reduced thiobarbituric acid levels (TBA) in raw breast meat samples at different storage times. There is possibly a synergistic effect between oregano and rosemary volatile oils in preventing lipid oxidation in stored meat.

5. In this study, the haemoglobin (PCV) and haematocrit values and the heterophile/lympohocyte (H/L) ratio increased in the blood samples taken from Treatment 2.

6. In conclusion, a volatile oil containing a mixture of rosemary and oregano oils could be a potential natural growth promoter for quails, depending on the plants from which the VOs were extracted, the dosage and the synergetic effects of the mixture.     

植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标的影响

采用306只艾维茵肉鸡研究低磷日粮中添加两种不同植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标、胫骨质量以及屠宰性能的影响。试验共分3个处理组,即对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复34只鸡。对照组饲喂正常磷水平的日粮;试验Ⅰ组饲喂低磷+植酸酶Ⅰ的日粮;试验Ⅱ组饲喂低磷+植酸酶Ⅱ的日粮,试验结果表明:添加植酸酶Ⅰ对日增重、采食量以及料肉比无显著差异,但提高了肉鸡的存活率(P<0.05);添加植酸酶Ⅱ,在1～21、1～49d阶段,日增重、采食量显著降低(P<0.05),但料肉比无显著差异,存活率显著提高(P<0.05)。植酸酶替代日粮中部分磷酸氢钙后,显著降低了血清中尿素氮浓度,对血清中钙、磷浓度以及碱性磷酸酶活性无显著性影响;对肉鸡胫骨质量无显著性影响;对肉鸡屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率也无显著性影响,但显著降低了肉鸡的腹脂率(P<0.05),显著提高了其胸肌率(P<0.05)。     

热应激条件下内毒素对肉鸡血常规指标的影响

采用复制肉鸡热应激病例模型的方法探讨肉鸡热应激机制。选用20日龄AA肉鸡50只,随机分为对照组(20只)和试验组(30只),适应性饲养2周后进行热应激处理,检测血清中内毒素含量及血常规指标的变化。结果显示:与对照组相比,热应激可以引起试验组血清中内毒素含量极显著升高(P<0.01);同时,血液中红细胞数目先升高后显著性降低(P<0.05);白细胞数目先降低后极显著性升高(P<0.01)。结果表明:肉鸡在热应激条件下内毒素含量的变化对机体产生了危害。