防治特色小宗作物樱桃红蜘蛛试验研究

为解决樱桃特色小宗作物无药可用的现状,进行了240g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂和15%哒螨灵乳油防治樱桃红蜘蛛的室内活性试验、安全性试验以及田间药效试验。结果表明,1、室内活性试验结果显示,螺螨酯对樱桃红蜘蛛卵和若虫有较高的活性,LC_(50)值分别为0. 98 a. i. mg/L和25. 91 a.i. mg/L,哒螨灵对红蜘蛛成虫有良好的活性,LC_(50)值为43. 56a. i. mg/L; 2、安全性试验结果显示,240g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂和15%哒螨灵乳油田间推荐剂量下对樱桃树安全,安全系数为400%; 3、田间药效试验结果显示,240g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂和15%哒螨灵乳油田间使用剂量下防效较高,防效90%左右,且持效性较好。研究表明,240g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂和15%哒螨灵乳油可以做为防治樱桃红蜘蛛的安全、有效药剂,根据虫害发生情况推荐使用240g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂制剂量为4 000～6 000倍液;15%哒螨灵乳油制剂量为1 500～2 500倍液。     

28%阿维·螺螨酯防治柑橘红蜘蛛药效试验

<正>柑桔红蜘蛛是枝江市柑桔主要害虫之一,常年发生危害较重。为摸清28%阿维·螺螨酯悬浮剂对柑桔红蜘蛛的防治效果及其安全性,笔者于2014年6月~7月进行了本试验。1材料与方法1.1供试药剂28%阿维·螺螨酯SC,河北威远生化农药有限公司生产;24%螺螨酯SC(螨危),拜耳作物科学(中国)有限公司生产;5%阿维菌素EC,河北威远生化农药有限公司生产。1.2试验地     

5种药剂防治柑橘红蜘蛛药效试验

试验结果表明,24%螺螨酯悬浮剂5 000倍液防治柑橘红蜘蛛效果较好,药后14 d、28 d,对红蜘蛛的防治效果均高于99%矿物油乳油200倍液、5%噻螨酮乳油2 000倍液、1.8%阿维菌素乳油1 500倍液和15%哒螨灵乳油1 500倍液。该药剂药效期长,对柑橘生长安全,低毒、低残留,可以作为今后防治柑橘红蜘蛛的替代农药。     

5种杀螨剂对苹果树红蜘蛛田间药效评价

测定了5种不同作用机理杀螨剂对苹果树红蜘蛛的防效,并对其田间的应用效果进行评价。结果表明：三唑锡20%悬浮剂800倍液和唑螨酯5%悬浮剂2 000倍液速效性和持效性均较好,药后2d防效即达到90%以上,持效期25d以上;矿物油99%乳油和阿维菌素1.8%乳油速效性一般,但持效期较长,也能达到25d以上,哒螨灵40%可湿性粉剂防效一般。三唑锡20%悬浮剂和唑螨酯5%悬浮剂可快速有效地防治苹果树红蜘蛛,对天敌等影响较小,对作物安全,可作为防治的首选药剂使用。     

腈吡螨酯防治苹果叶螨和二斑叶螨的药效评价

通过果园施药试验,比较30%腈吡螨酯悬浮剂不同用量处理与对照药剂20%三唑锡可湿性粉剂对苹果叶螨的防治效果,以及与对照药剂24%螺螨酯悬浮剂对二斑叶螨的防治效果。结果表明,30%腈吡螨酯悬浮剂2 000~4 000倍液处理对两种害螨均具较高防效,速效性和持效性也较好。药后1 d,该药剂防治苹果叶螨校正防效为88.40%~94.11%,防治二斑叶螨校正防效为83.55%~92.83%。药后14 d,该药剂防治苹果叶螨效果达99%以上,3个用量处理间防效无显著差异,均显著高于三唑锡;防治二斑叶螨效果达96.87~99.57%,与螺螨酯无显著差异。在试验剂量下,喷施腈吡螨酯对苹果树生长安全。     

40%联苯肼酯·乙螨唑悬浮剂防治柑橘红蜘蛛田间药效试验

为筛选高效低毒的杀螨剂防治柑橘红蜘蛛,本试验采用不同浓度的40%联苯肼酯·乙螨唑SC进行柑橘红蜘蛛的田间药效试验。结果表明,40%联苯肼酯·乙螨唑SC 12 000倍液、10 000倍液时,速效性一般,持效性良好,在施药后3 d,防效分别达到64.47%和74.59%;在施药后30 d,防效分别达到73.45%和81.98%。40%联苯肼酯·乙螨唑SC可作为防治柑橘红蜘蛛的轮换或替换药剂。建议在柑橘红蜘蛛发生高峰前期,田间柑橘红蜘蛛种群密度达到5头/叶左右时,使用40%联苯肼酯·乙螨唑SC 10 000～12 000倍液进行防治。     

柑橘病虫害要适时重点防治

<正>柑橘病虫害主要有柑橘红蜘蛛、柑橘粉虱、潜叶蛾、溃疡病、树脂病、炭疽病等。在预报的防治适期内,对达到防治指标的病虫害要选择性使用高效、低毒、低残留农药进行防治,禁施高毒高残留农药。柑橘叶螨重点在2月和8月压低虫源基数,3月~6月和9月~11月为高峰期,每叶5头以上的橘园,应及时喷药防治。防治药剂可选用阿维菌素、矿物油、螺螨酯、浏阳霉素、噻螨酮、哒螨灵等。     

36％螺虫乙酯·联苯肼酯悬浮剂防治柑橘红蜘蛛田间药效试验

为筛选防治柑橘红蜘蛛的高效低毒新杀螨剂,笔者应用螺虫乙酯、联苯肼酯,及其复配组合物螺虫乙酯·联苯肼酯3种药剂开展药效试验,探明不同药剂防治柑橘红蜘蛛的防治效果。结果表明,3种药剂均具有较好的防效,持效期较长,但速效性表现一般。在药后3d,复配组合物螺虫乙酯·联苯肼酯的防效与联苯肼酯相当,达到83.76%。在药后30d,螺虫乙酯·联苯肼酯防效与螺虫乙酯相当,达到82.54%。     

13%阿维·螺螨酯水乳剂对柑橘全爪螨的田间防效

为验证复配剂13%阿维·螺螨酯EW对柑橘全爪螨Panonychus citri的防治效果,开展了田间防治试验。结果表明,13%阿维·螺螨酯EW 2 000~3 000倍液对柑橘全爪螨田间防治效果较好,速效性好,持效期在15d以上。13%阿维·螺螨酯EW可以在生产上推广使用。     

用爱福丁防治苹果红蜘蛛效果好

用爱福丁防治苹果红蜘蛛效果好王德旭，丁永青（山东省莱西市农业局２６６６００）苹果红蜘蛛又称苹果叶螨，在国内分布较普遍，是为害苹果树的三大害虫之一，苹果红蜘蛛除为害苹果外，还为害沙果、海棠、桃等果树和榆树。近十多年胶东地区苹果红蜘蛛发生面积逐渐扩大，猖...     

三种杀螨剂对山楂叶螨的毒力评价

为筛选出高效防治山楂叶螨Amphitetranychus viennensis Zacher的杀螨剂,利用玻片浸渍法和叶片残毒法测定了3种杀螨剂对其3种螨态的室内毒力,并对不同浓度杀螨剂的田间防效进行了测定。结果表明:240 g/L螺螨酯、110 g/L乙螨唑和43%联苯肼酯中仅联苯肼酯对山楂叶螨雌成螨有毒力,其LC50为37.65 mg/L;3种杀螨剂均能毒杀卵及幼螨,毒力大小依次为乙螨唑联苯肼酯螺螨酯;同一杀螨剂对幼螨的毒力均高于对卵的毒力。240 g/L螺螨酯和110 g/L乙螨唑对山楂叶螨的总体防效较好,除螺螨酯4 000倍液处理的防效在药后30 d达到最大97.11%外,其余各处理均在药后15 d达到最大,防效为88.76%~96.14%;但二者速效性较差,药后1~7 d防效均低于对照;而螺螨酯4 000、5 000倍液处理及乙螨唑5 000倍液处理的持效性较好,药后30 d防效仍有97.11%、90.90%和93.06%,均显著高于对照。43%联苯肼酯对山楂叶螨的总体防效在3种杀螨剂中最高,其1 800、2 500倍液处理分别在药后7 d和3 d时防效达到最大99.79%和98.64%;1~7 d防效为97.45%~99.79%,显著高于其余杀螨剂和对照;30 d时防效分别达98.14%和96.19%,速效性和持效性均较好。表明螺螨酯和乙螨唑对山楂叶螨的持效性较好,联苯肼酯则有良好的速效性和持效性,可以按照其不同特点推广应用。     

乙唑螨腈与螺螨酯混用对柑橘全爪螨的田间防治效果评价

柑橘全爪螨 Panonychus citri 是一种重要的世界性害螨, 已对多种常用杀螨剂产生了不同程度的抗性?为有效控制该害螨的危害, 本研究于2017年-2018年通过田间小区试验评价了30%乙唑螨腈·螺螨酯SC?30%乙唑螨腈SC?240 g/L螺螨酯SC?1.8%阿维菌素EC及43%联苯肼酯SC对柑橘全爪螨的防治效果及其对柑橘树的安全性?研究结果表明:试验浓度下, 叶面喷施1次上述药剂均对柑橘树安全?30%乙唑螨腈·螺螨酯SC及30%乙唑螨腈SC能有效控制柑橘全爪螨危害, 速效性好, 持效期长达30 d, 药后1~30 d的防治效果分别为76.55%~100%和81.21%~98.30%?240 g/L螺螨酯SC和43%联苯肼酯SC对柑橘全爪螨的控制作用较好, 速效性一般而持效期可达30 d, 药后1~30 d的防治效果分别为69.15%~91.55%和64.63%~88.46%?1.8%阿维菌素EC难以控制柑橘全爪螨危害, 速效性较差, 持效期约15 d; 药后1~30 d对该害螨的防治效果为57.08%~83.39%?综上所述, 在柑橘生产实践中, 为有效控制柑橘全爪螨为害, 应于害螨初发期叶面喷施1次30%乙唑螨腈·螺螨酯SC 75 mg/kg或30%乙唑螨腈SC 100 mg/kg?     

Monitoring of spirodiclofen susceptibility in field populations of European red mites, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), and the cross-resistance pattern of a laboratory-selected strain

BACKGROUND: Phytophagous mites such as the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), are serious pests in European fruit tree orchards, and a number of acaricides are frequently used to control them. Spirodiclofen (Envidor^®) has been a commonly used acaricide for several years. In the present study, European field populations collected in 2009 and 2010 were checked for their susceptibility to spirodiclofen by using discriminating dose and full dose response bioassays. RESULTS: In 2009 and 2010, a total of 63 field populations (including winter eggs) of European red mites were collected in different European countries, and in several populations from south‐western Germany a shifting in susceptibility against spirodiclofen was observed. Full dose response bioassays on different developmental stages of field‐collected strains suggested an age‐dependent expression of resistance because eggs remain fully susceptible to spirodiclofen. Artificial selection with spirodiclofen of one of the field strains resulted in resistance ratios of > 7000. Synergism studies suggest a possible role of cytochrome‐P450‐dependent monooxygenases in spirodiclofen detoxification. Most of the other acaricides from different chemical classes displayed no or low cross‐resistance in a spirodiclofen‐selected strain. CONCLUSION: In order to preserve spirodiclofen as an important tool in spider mite resistance management, the efficacy situation should be continuously monitored, and it is suggested that spirodiclofen be alternated with acaricides coming from different mode‐of‐action classes. An observed age‐specific expression of resistance revealed full susceptibility of eggs, so targeting spirodiclofen particularly against eggs is likely to reduce the selection pressures imposed on other life stages. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同种类杀螨剂对壁蜂蜂螨的防治及安全性

为探讨不同杀螨剂对壁蜂Osmia cornifrons蜂螨的防控作用,筛选了适合壁蜂定巢繁殖的巢管管口内径范围,并采用药液浸渍法比较了螺螨酯、炔螨特、联苯肼酯、四螨嗪、三唑锡5种杀螨剂对壁蜂蜂螨的防治效果及安全性。结果表明,壁蜂芦苇巢管管口内径在8.00~8.49 mm范围时最适合壁蜂定巢繁殖,巢室数量最多,为8.5个,显著高于其它管口内径范围下的巢室数。与空白对照相比,5种杀螨剂各剂量处理对芦苇巢管中壁蜂的巢室数均无显著影响,不同剂量的三唑锡和四螨嗪浸渍芦苇巢管均可有效控制芦苇巢管内蜂螨的为害,2种药剂各剂量处理对巢管中蜂螨的防治效果为97.22%~100.00%,对巢室蜂螨的防治效果为98.75%~100.00%,防治效果显著;而不同剂量的螺螨酯、炔螨特和联苯肼酯对芦苇巢管中蜂螨的防治效果较低,各剂量处理对巢管蜂螨的防治效果为39.81%~80.56%,对巢室蜂螨的防治效果为46.01%~83.82%。表明四螨嗪和三唑锡浸渍处理芦苇巢管可作为有效防治壁蜂蜂螨为害的安全施药手段。     

Monitoring of resistance to spirodiclofen and five other acaricides in Panonychus citri collected from Chinese citrus orchards

BACKGROUND: Citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is one of the most important pesticide‐resistant pests in China. In order better to understand its resistance status, six populations of the mite were collected from Chinese citrus orchards for monitoring of resistance to spirodiclofen and another five acaricides. RESULTS: All the samples collected in the field in 2006 were susceptible to spirodiclofen. However, the LC₅₀ values in populations sampled in 2009 ranged from 3.29 to 418.24 mg L^?1 spirodiclofen, a 127‐fold difference between the least and most sensitive populations. Compared with a susceptible strain, 50‐fold and 90.8‐fold resistance to spirodiclofen was detected in populations sampled from Pinghe and Fuzhou in 2009, as well as cross‐resistance to spirotetramat. The LC₅₀ values for abamectin, fenpropathrin, hexythiazox and pyridaben in the collected samples ranged from 0.041 to 3.52 mg L^?1, from 23.91 to 696.16 mg L^?1, from 13.94 to 334.19 mg L^?1 and from 48.90 to 609.91 mg L^?1 respectively. CONCLUSION: Great variations in resistance to the tested acaricides were observed among the sampled populations. The Pinghe population developed resistance to all the acaricides tested. The Jianning population was susceptible to most acaricides tested, except pyridaben. Resistance management strategies were conducted on the basis of these observations. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

苹果全爪螨抗药性研究进展

苹果全爪螨是重要的蔷薇科果树害虫之一, 具有体型小、繁殖快、世代周期短等生物学特点。该螨以若螨和成螨取食苹果叶片和嫩芽, 影响果树生长发育, 造成果实品质和产量下降, 自20世纪60年代开始其在我国果园的发生逐年加重。国内外对苹果全爪螨的防治主要采用化学杀螨剂, 由于化学杀螨剂长期不规范的使用, 致使该螨对多种类型的化学杀螨剂产生了抗药性。本文总结了苹果全爪螨的发生、为害、抗药性现状及其抗性机理, 同时结合国内外苹果全爪螨抗药性和防治相关研究, 提出该螨抗药性治理策略, 以期为其防治提供参考。     

Acaricide mode of action

The last few years have seen the introduction of an unprecedented number of new classes of acaricides with novel or under-exploited modes of action, discovered by traditional screening. Acaricide research has uncovered several unrelated compounds that possess improved properties. Pyridaben, acequinocyl, diafenthiuron, etoxazole, spirodiclofen and bifenazate, in particular, are acaricides that are safe to beneficials, have low mammalian toxicity and short environmental persistence. Many of the new acaricides appear to affect mitochondrial respiration, and previously unknown targets affecting mite growth and development have been identified, offering new opportunities for mite control.     

杀螨剂对朱砂叶螨的毒力测定和对加州新小绥螨的安全性评价

为评价杀螨剂对朱砂叶螨的毒力和对加州新小绥螨的安全性,本文采用玻片浸渍法、叶片残毒法和浸叶法测定了乙唑螨腈、丁氟螨酯、乙螨唑、哒螨灵、螺螨酯和联苯肼酯对朱砂叶螨的毒力,并对这6种杀螨剂对加州新小绥螨卵孵化率和雌成螨存活率进行了测定。结果表明,6种杀螨剂用叶片残毒法测定的毒力大于玻片浸渍法测定的毒力。朱砂叶螨雌成螨对螺螨酯和乙螨唑不敏感,其余4种杀螨剂都表现出较高的毒性。哒螨灵田间使用剂量显著降低加州新小绥螨雌成螨存活率,10倍田间使用剂量处理24 h后死亡率达100%。乙螨唑和哒螨灵田间使用剂量处理后加州新小绥螨卵仅有1%和0.33%的孵化率。因此,建议应用加州新小绥螨防治害螨时,应尽量避免哒螨灵和乙螨唑的施用。     

Genetic and biochemical analysis of a laboratory‐selected spirodiclofen‐resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

BACKGROUND: Spirodiclofen is a selective, non‐systemic acaricide from the new chemical class of tetronic acid derivatives. In order to develop strategies to minimise resistance in the field, a laboratory‐selected spirodiclofen‐resistant strain of the two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, was used to determine genetic, toxicological, biochemical and cross‐resistance data. RESULTS: Selecting for spirodiclofen resistance in the laboratory yielded a strain (SR‐VP) with a resistance ratio of 274, determined on the larval stage. The egg stage remained far more susceptible. No cross‐resistance was found against other established acaricides, except for spiromesifen. Based on synergist experiments and enzyme assays, it appeared that especially P450 monooxygenases, but also esterases and glutathione‐S‐transferases, could be involved in the metabolic detoxification of spirodiclofen. Genetic analysis showed that the resistance is inherited as an intermediate trait under control of more than one gene. CONCLUSIONS: Resistance to spirodiclofen exceeded by far the recommended field rate. A good acaricide resistance management programme is necessary to prevent fast resistance build‐up in the field. Spirodiclofen can be used in alternation with most established acaricides, except for other tetronic acid derivatives. Without selection pressure, resistance tends to be unstable and can decrease in the presence of susceptible individuals owing to the intermediate, polygenic inheritance mode. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Untersuchungen zur Akarizidresistenz an Populationen der Obstbaumspinnmilbe, Panonychus ulmi KOCH (Acari: Tetranychidae) aus dem Bodenseegebiet

One of the major acarine pest species of deciduous fruit trees like apple and plum is the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi KOCH (Acari: Tetranychidae). Feeding damage by P. ulmi results in leaf bronzing followed by an early defoliation and a reduction in yield, which is usually prevented by the application of acaricides. A problem often associated with mite control is the (sometimes rapid) development of resistance due to their high reproductive potential, a short life cycle allowing numerous generations per season and frequent applications of acaricides. Therefore a resistance monitoring is considered to be an essential part within resistance management strategies where only compounds providing full efficacy at recommended rates should be used. Once a new acaricide is considered for market introduction a so-called baseline susceptibility study is requested by the European authorities. Such a baseline study was also conducted for the new acaricidal compound spirodiclofen (Envidor^®), which is known to inhibit lipid biosynthesis and particularly active against juvenile stages of tetranychid mite pests such as P. ulmi. However, a strong reduction of female adult fecundity results in excellent residual efficacy. Here we report on the baseline susceptibility of 15 European red mite populations against spirodiclofen, which were collected in 2005 in apple orchards at Lake Constance, Germany. The baseline data were combined because of a low population-to-population variation in response to spirodiclofen and a composite dose effect calculation revealed a diagnostic concentration (LC₉₅) of 5?mg/liter (ppm) for future monitoring purposes in P. ulmi larvae. Furthermore we checked the susceptibility of the very same field populations against pyridaben, hexythiazox and abamectin. This helps to identify candidates for a balanced resistance management strategy avoiding the implication of cross-resistance issues.