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Salt—Water Dynamics in Soils:Ⅲ.Effect of Crop Planting 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
YOUWEN-RUI MENGFAN-HUA 《土壤圈》1993,3(1):7-22
Through a simulation test conducted with soil columns (61.8cm in diameter) in field condition,effect of crop planting upon the regulation of salt-water dynamics in soils was studied by monitoring of salt-water dynamics in situ,using soil salinity sensors and tensiometers.The results indicated that the amount of water absorbed by crops from the soil was generally larger than the decrement of water consumption from soil surface evaporation reduced by the crop covering the soil surface and improving the soil structure,therefore,under the conditions of crop growing and non-irrigation,water content in soil profile was less than that without crop growing,and the gradient of negative pressure of soil water in soil profile especially in the root zone was enlarged,thus causing the water flowing from subsoils into root zone and increasing the groundwater moving upwards into soil layer via capillary rise,so that the groundwater evaporation increased.Consequently,under the condition of crop growing,the salt was mainly accumulated towards the root zone rather than to the top soil.the accumulating rate of salt in groundwater via capillary rise of soil water to subsoils was increased thereby. 相似文献
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Anneliese Romeike 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1961,9(1):171-180
Zusammenfassung
Datura ferox enthält als Hauptalkaloid Scopolamin, da sie die Fähigkeit hat, während ihrer ganzen Lebensdauer in ihren oberirdischen Organen Hyoscyamin, das aus der Wurzel in den Sproß geleitet wird, in Scopolamin umzuwandeln. Diese Fähigkeit wird dominant vererbt, wennD. ferox mitDatura stramonium gekreuzt wird. Das Hauptalkaloid vonDatura stramonium ist Hyoscyamin, während Scopolamin nur in kleiner Menge enthalten ist. Die F1-Bastarde sind ausgesprochene Scopolamin-Pflanzen; Hyoscyamin führen sie nur in geringer Menge. Die F2-Generation besteht aus Individuen vom Scopolamin-Typ und solchen vom Hyoscyamin-Typ im Verhältnis 3:1.
Summary The main alkaloid ofDatura ferox is hyoscine the plant being able to convert hyoscyamine into hyoscine in its overground organs. Hyoscyamine is formed in the roots and migrates to the aerial parts. The ability to convert hyoscyamine into hyoscine is dominant hereditary in hybrids betweenDatura ferox andDatura stramonium. The main alkaloid ofDatura stramonium is hyoscyamine,D. stramonium contains hyoscine only in a small amount. The F1-hybrids are typical hyoscineplants, containing hyoscyamine in little amounts only. In the F2-generation typical hyoscine plants and typical hyoscyamine plants are to be found at a rate 3:1.
Datura ferox , ( ) . D. ferox c D. stramonium . D. stramonium , . F1 . (F2) ( 3:1) , , .相似文献
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Salt balance in simulated soil coulumns was calculated on the basis of a large amount of long term observation data.The results showed that under the climate conditions of semi-arid region of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,the soils in the columns were under salt accumulation conditions when the groundwater depth was controlled at less than 2.0m,and under desalinization conditions when at larger than 2.5m.In the soil columns with clay soil and silty loam soil intercalated with a clay layer,the amount of salt accumulated was far less than that in the soil column with silty loam soil throughout the whole profile.Under no irriagtion conditions crop planting may increase groundwater evaporation and hence salt accumulation in soil,making the soil columns under desalinization be under salt accumulation conditions. 相似文献
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为了摸清盐生植物在南北疆改良盐碱地的实际应用效果,更好地利用盐碱植物,在南北疆地区进行田间试验,研究了两种盐生植物在新疆南北疆盐碱地的适应性及吸盐能力。结果表明,盐生植物在南疆的成活率明显高于北疆;而盐地碱蓬成活率明显要高于海篷子;北疆种植的盐生植物其植物体内的总含盐量明显高于南疆种植的盐生植物,其中盐地碱蓬高出约55%,海篷子高出约46%。由此可以看出,盐地碱蓬和海篷子更适合于南疆地区生长,而在北疆环境两种盐生植物吸盐能力均强于南疆环境,海蓬子吸盐能力明显强于盐地碱蓬。 相似文献
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选用不同耐铬胁迫青菜品种春油1号和青伏令,采用不同浓度Cr3+处理,测定青菜抗氧化酶活性及植物螯合肽含量等生理指标。结果表明,随着Cr3+处理浓度升高,两种青菜叶片抗氧化酶活性、酸溶性SH、植物螯合肽(PCs)及谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量均呈增加趋势(P〈0.05),高浓度Cr3(+300 mg.L-1)处理下,耐铬胁迫较弱的青伏令叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性分别比对照增加了24.2%、41.7%、21.4%,耐铬胁迫较强的春油1号分别比对照增加了37.2%、70.7%、43.0%,并且PCs含量是对照的3.17倍,明显高于耐铬胁迫较弱品种青伏令(1.71倍)。Cr3+处理下耐铬胁迫较强的青菜品种春油1号表现出相对较高的抗氧化酶活力及非酶物质含量,不同品种青菜对铬胁迫的生理差异较大。 相似文献
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根据野外实际调查和文献查阅,初步收集了新疆盐生植物共305种15变种7亚种,隶属38科124属,分别占新疆种子植物区系科、属、种的38.0%、17.3%和8.9%,约占中国盐生植物总数的60%。其中约35%的种未被《中国盐生植物》收录,约1/2的种未被“世界盐生植物数据库”收录。盐生植物中约63.9%的种集中分布于藜科、菊科、禾本科和豆科中,多数建群植物为中亚、亚洲中部或地中海地区盐生植物区系成分,盐生植被的旱生特性明显。 相似文献
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刘昊华 《水土保持应用技术》2013,(1):1-3
连翘(Forsuthia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl.)作为常见的绿化植物,鲜有应用于盐碱地区。为此,基于室内盐胁迫处理试验,观察分析连翘受盐害影响发生的形态和生理变化,研究其耐盐性,以期为连翘用于盐碱地绿化改良、水土保持工作的实践提供基础资料和科学依据。试验结果表明连翘具有一定的耐盐性,在受到短期、较低浓度的盐胁迫后能够自我调节适应逆境,在浓度低于0.4%的盐胁迫40 d后仍可以正常生长。可以作轻、中度盐土区绿化或植被恢复用途。 相似文献
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利用耐盐植物改善盐土区农业环境 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
耐盐植物具有特定的抗盐性,有泌盐、稀盐、拒盐、耐盐等多种多样对盐渍生境的适应方式。全球盐生植物约有1560多种,中国有502种。许多耐盐植物有重要的经济价值。可以广泛用于食品、纺织、酿造、建筑、医药、化工等方面。更重要的是其对改良土壤、调节气候、维护生态平衡的环境效茄。种植耐盐植物增加地面覆盖,减少土壤蒸发,吸收带走土壤中的盐分。从而减少耕作层盐分累积。同时增加土壤有机质,改善土壤理化性状,促进对盐土有效改良和利用;还町以降低噪音、净化空气、减少温差、增加雨量、减少地表风蚀和十热风危害。通过引进、驯化、筛选、辐射诱变、多倍体育种等手段,我国已经选育出经济价值高、有应用价值的耐盐植物150种。本文简要介绍了这些耐盐植物对盐土的改良效果和经济利用价值。 相似文献
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几种一年生盐生植物的吸盐能力 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
【目的】土壤盐渍化在新疆发生面积多,分布广,利用盐生植物对盐分的超富集能力,选育生物量大且体内盐分浓度高的品种,可有效改良盐碱地。本试验比较了几种主要盐生植物的吸收离子类型和盐分积累量,为科学合理利用盐生植物进行盐碱地改良提供科学依据。【方法】选取一年生盐角草(Salicornia europaea)、盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)、高碱蓬(Suaeda altissima)和野榆钱菠菜(Atripex aucheri Moq.)为材料进行人工种植,试验地土壤为壤土和砂壤土,耕层土壤盐分均值为10.23 g/kg,p H为8.36,属于中度盐化土壤。采用完全随机排列设计,在生育早期、中期和末期采样测定植物地上、地下部分干物质量和K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO2-4浓度。【结果】生育末期四种盐生植物地上生物量均占整株生物量的89%以上,高碱蓬(23302 kg/hm2)蓬野榆钱菠菜(20379 kg/hm2)盐地碱蓬(18670 kg/hm2)盐角草(9096 kg/hm2)。盐分总浓度盐角草(215 g/kg)盐地碱蓬(152 g/kg)高碱蓬(137 g/kg)野榆钱菠菜(103 g/kg)。不同植物离子含量不同,K+浓度以高碱蓬中最高,Na+、Cl-、SO2-4在盐角草中最高,Ca2+、Mg2+浓度在盐地碱蓬中最高;4种盐生植物对Na+、Cl-、SO2-4的吸收能力极强,按阴离子类型划分盐角草属于SO2-4-Cl-型盐生植物,盐地碱蓬、高碱蓬、野榆钱菠菜属于Cl--SO2-4型盐生植物;盐分积累量为高碱蓬(3499 kg/hm2)盐地碱蓬(3061 kg/hm2)蓬野榆钱菠菜(2180 kg/hm2)盐角草(2080 kg/hm2)。【结论】盐生植物对土壤的改良效果主要以生育末期刈割时单位面积从土壤中吸收的盐分总量来衡量,这取决于此时地上部分生物量与植株体内盐分浓度的大小。植物会根据其生长需求选择吸收土壤中矿物质元素,盐角草对的Na+、Cl-的吸收能力强于盐地碱蓬、高碱蓬和野榆钱菠菜,尤其对Cl-表现出极强的选择吸收能力。 相似文献
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青岛盐碱地盲管排盐与绿化改造技术的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为适应经济社会的快速发展,青岛市加大了对沿海滩涂地的开发利用,对盐碱地绿化改造的技术措施的需求也愈来愈迫切。在对山东省、天津市等地盐碱地改造措施调研考察的基础上,结合青岛市滨海海涂地的实际情况设计出盲管排盐和隔盐层相结合加客土置换的土工改造措施,盲管与排水系统相接,达到排水排盐作用。在工程排盐的同时,应用不同的绿化改造技术,筛选耐盐碱植物树种,施用改良肥、苗木的栽植方式等,可有效地减少地面水分的蒸发,降低地下水位,并抑制盐碱的上移和积累,形成良好的生态循环。 相似文献
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籽粒苋(Amaranthus cruentus L.)核糖体蛋白S25基因(cDNA)的克隆及其表达分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Ribosomes, the agents of protein synthesis, consist
of roughly equal amounts of RNA (rRNA) and protein
(r-protein). Knowledge of the ribosome and its function
mainly comes from the extensive work on 70S bacterial
ribosomes. There are 21 proteins in the small (30S)
subunit and 30 in the large (50S) subunit in E. coil ri
bosomes. The 80S eukaryotic ribosomes are more com
plex than the bacterial ones and contain at least 30 pro
teins in the small (40S) subunit and 40 in the large (60
S) subunit. These r-proteins are named S1 to S30 and
L1 to L40 according to whether they arise from the small
or large subunit, and to their mobility in gels. In plants,
several ribosomal protein genes and/or cDNAs have
been isolated, such as the small subunit proteins S 11,
S13, S14, S16, and S19 and the large subunit proteins
L2, L7, L17, and L27. Here we report the r-protein
S25 cDNA, Arps25, from Amaranthus cruentus L. 相似文献
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