虹鳟鱼传染性造血器官坏死病防控技术

正传染性造血器官坏死病(IHN)是由弹状病毒科传染性造血器官坏死病毒(IHNV)引起的病毒感染,已被列为国家二类疫病。在甘肃省已发现虹鳟、金鳟、七彩鲑感染了该病毒,虹鳟、金鳟苗种培育场发生急性爆发导致死亡率高达90%,损失惨重。本文主要介绍了虹鳟鱼传染性造血器官坏死病的防控技术,以供参考。1发病情况2009年10月20日左右,位于永昌县焦家庄乡红庙墩村的1户养殖户养殖的鲑鳟鱼出现突     

传染性造血器官坏死病毒研究进展

<正>传染性造血器官坏死病毒(Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus,IHNV),弹状病毒科,诺拉弹状病毒属~([1])作为传染性造血器官坏死病(Infectious heamatopoietic necrosis,IHN)的病原体,是一种线性单链RNA病毒,最早在20世纪50年代在北美西部华盛顿及俄勒冈州于红大马哈鱼(Oncorhynchus     

传染性造血器官坏死病病毒(IHNV)分离株病原学研究及全基因组序列分析

为初步了解东北地区某虹鳟养殖场的一株传染性造血器官坏死病病毒株的病原学特征,将该病毒株进行虹鳟鱼苗人工回接感染试验。结果显示,一周内人工感染试验鱼均出现明显的临床症状。将病死虹鳟鱼苗研磨过滤除菌后接种到胖头鱼肌肉细胞系(FHM),出现了特征性病变(CPE),用传染性造血器官坏死病病毒(IHNV)4组水生动物病毒的6对特异性引物对该毒株进行race-PCR,扩增其全长。结果显示,该病毒基因组全长为11 132 nt,基因组序列中4种核苷酸G、A、T、C含量分别为24.28%、28.67%、19.46%、27.59%。将序列与多株GenBank中已发表的IHNV毒株相应基因进行比较。结果显示,分离株G基因与韩国株ChYa07和PcKw11同源性较高,分别为97.8%和97.5%,其进化树分析结果显示,CJ-13株与韩国株和日本株在遗传进化关系上较近。     

1株传染性造血器官坏死病病毒(IHNV)的分离与鉴定

将虹鳟鱼苗研磨过滤除菌后接种到胖头鱼肌肉细胞系(FHM)后出现了特征性病变(CPE),电镜下观察到IHNV病毒粒子。用传染性造血器官坏死病病毒(IHNV)和传染性胰腺坏死病病毒(IPNV)等水生动物病毒特异性引物对该毒株进行RTPCR试验,结果显示,用IHNV的引物能扩增出阳性片段。将分离株暂时命名为CJ-13。应用DNAStar和MEGA5.2软件,将CJ13的N基因与多株GenBank中已发表的IHNV毒株相应基因进行同源性比对和构建系统树。核苷酸同源性显示CJ-13株与HV7601株的N基因同源性高达97.1%,推导出的氨基酸序列同源性为95.2%。系统进化树表明,CJ-13分离株与HV7601株遗传进化关系较近,属于同一分支。     

鱼类传染性造血器官坏死病检测方法研究进展

传染性造血器官坏死病是一种对鱼苗和幼鱼致死率极高的传染性疾病,为口岸鱼类的一类检疫对象。研究表明该病已在全世界范围内蔓延,各国学者对该病的预防和控制一直都十分重视。对传染性造血器官坏死病病毒的深入了解和相关的预防措施,已经在某种程度上预防和制止了该病流行,但仍然未完全杜绝该病的发生。对该病的预防和控制离不开有效的检测手段,本文从临床诊断、病毒分离、血清学、分子生物学方面进行阐述,以期为该病的快速诊断方法研究提供参考。     

2017年-2019年浙江台州地区凡纳滨对虾4种病原PCR检测

为了解台州地区凡纳滨对虾白斑病毒(WSSV)、传染性皮下和造血器官坏死病病毒(IHHNV)、高致病性副溶血弧菌(AP)和虾肝肠胞虫(EHP)的流行情况,用PCR方法对2017年-2019年采集的337个样品进行病原检测.结果表明,2017年-2019年4种病原总体携带率EHP>IHHNV>AP>WSSV;IHHNV、A...     

常见鱼病的综合防治

一、病毒性疾病 (一)主要病种 虾鳟等传染性造血器官坏死病、胰脏坏死病、蟹抖抖病、鳗狂游病、鳗出血性张口病、鳜传染性肝肾坏死病、草鱼出血病、鲤痘疮病等。 (二)综合防治 (1)放养前。干池清淤,彻底清塘,水深不超过0.3米,每0.067公顷用生石灰150公斤或清塘净0.5公斤或富氯2公斤全池泼洒。(2)放养时。用聚维酮碘溶液给鱼苗鱼种浸泡消毒,500～600克药加1 000公斤水中,浸泡鱼体10～20分钟。草鱼苗种可浸泡或注射疫苗。(3)放养后,每15～20天,可用富氯、溴氯海因、二溴海因、灭毒净、富碘等轮换消毒水体和食物,剂量为0.2～0.3克/立方…     

基于RPA的鲤春病毒血症病毒核酸检测技术的建立与评价

重组酶聚合酶扩增技术(recombinase polymerase amplification,RPA)是近几年新发展并普及应用的一种核酸扩增技术,能够实现检测设备小型化,从而满足现场诊断(point-of-care testing,POCT)的需求。本研究以鲤春病毒血症病毒(springviraemiaofcarp virus,SVCV)为检测靶标,建立了SVCV的RPA检测技术,并分析了该方法的灵敏性、特异性和稳定性,评判了该技术应用于POCT的可能性。结果表明:基于RPA的检测方法灵敏度较高,检测下限可达4×10~3 PFU/mL,但比以Taq酶为基础的RT-PCR技术略低;特异性好,未发现对其他水生动物疫病病原,如传染性造血器官坏死病病毒(IHNV)、病毒性出血性败血症病毒(VHSV)、传染性胰腺坏死病病毒(IPNV)、传染性鲑鱼贫血病病毒(ISAV)等发生非特异性反应;稳定性良好,3次重复性试验的结果近乎一致。试验证明,该方法能够替代RT-PCR技术,应用于POCT的试剂和仪器设备研发。     

鸡传染性贫血病研究进展

鸡传染性贫血(Chicken infectious anemia,CIA)是由鸡传染性贫血病毒(chicken infectious anemia virus,CIAV)引起的一种以雏鸡再生障碍性贫血和全身淋巴组织萎缩为主要特征的病毒性传染病,是鸡重要的免疫抑制病之一。CIA主要发生于2～4周龄的雏鸡,病鸡的造血器官受损,导致雏鸡贫血和成鸡免疫抑制。1979年Yuasa等[1]首次在     

对虾病毒病研究概况(摘要)

二十世纪80年代以来,世界沿海各国的对虾养殖业蓬勃发展,随着对虾养殖业的企业化发展,其病害也日益突出,特别是对虾病毒性的疫病已成为阻碍这一产业发展的重要因素.近年来的对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)、黄头症病毒(YHV)、桃拉综合症病毒(TSV)和传染性皮下和造血器官坏死病病毒(IHHNV)等病毒性传染病在世界各地广泛流行,除给对虾养殖业带来严重经济损失之外,还对海洋资源的可持续发展造成巨大威胁,因此对虾病毒病的研究已成为当前世界虾病研究领域的焦点之一.本文就近年对虾病毒病的研究与动态进行概述,并对虾病毒病原体、传播途径、诊断技术和防治措施进行介绍.     

Studies on pathogenesis following single and double infection with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were bath challenged with viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) virus or infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus or with both viruses simultaneously. The viral distribution and development of histologic lesions were examined using immunohistochemistry, while virus titer in kidney was determined by viral titration in cell culture. Single infections with VHS virus and IHN virus showed similar distributions of virus in internal organs. The early identification of virus in gill epithelium, 1 and 2 days postinfection (PI) for VHS virus and IHN virus, respectively, indicates that this organ is the point of entry for both viruses. The detection of VHS virus at 1 day PI and 3 days PI for IHN virus is indicative of kidney and spleen being the target organs for these viruses. A simultaneous infection of VHS virus and IHN virus resulted in both viruses establishing an infection. Further double infection did not result in a statistically significant lower titer of both viruses in kidney but a more restricted distribution of IHN virus in internal organs compared with the single infected group. The most striking finding is that, for IHN virus, virus was not detected in the brain in situ in the double-infected group. This study provides support for the conclusion that simultaneous infection with two piscine rhabdoviruses in a susceptible host results in some degree of interaction at the cell level, leading to a reduced systemic distribution of IHN virus.     

An economic evaluation of the control of three notifiable fish diseases in the United Kingdom

We summarised the challenges faced in an ex ante cost-benefit appraisal of United Kingdom government spending on disease surveillance for three notifiable fish diseases: infectious salmon anaemia (ISA), viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) and infectious haemorrhagic necrosis (IHN). We used a social cost-benefit analysis and adopted a national perspective. We compared costs of current public and private surveillance effort with the benefits stated in terms of the avoided private and social costs of potential disease outbreaks. Spending on ISA and VHS were predicted to be efficient; the benefit-cost ratios were always >or=3.2 for ISA and >or=5.8 for VHS for all nine scenarios examined for each infection. However, the benefit-cost ratio for IHN was predicted never to exceed 1.6, and was <1.0 in five of the nine scenarios-so spending on IHN would be harder to justify.     

Emerging pathologies in aquaculture: effects on production and food safety

Infectious diseases represent a limiting factor for the further development of Italian aquaculture. The recent introduction and spreading of new pathogens, along with the global climatic change, has contributed to a considerable decrease in trout production. Emerging pathologies in rainbow trout culture include viral diseases, e.g. infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN), bacterial diseases, such as lactococcosis and visceral flavobacteriosis, and parasitical diseases, e.g. proliferative kidney disease (PKD). Higher mortality rates in trout fry and fingerlings are generally induced by visceral flavobacteriosis and IHN, while the main losses in large trout during the warm season are due to lactococcosis and PKD. Mariculture has at present a better sanitary status compared to trout culture, but a rapid dissemination of pathogens, including zoonosis agents, is envisaged also for seabass and seabream. Emerging pathologies in sea bass include VNN, pseudotuberculosis, streptococcosis and tuberculosis. Seabream is much more resistant and is mainly affected by novel Vibrio infections and enteromyxidiosis. A good sanitary management of fish farms is essential for avoiding or limiting losses caused by emerging pathologies. Transmission of zoonosis agents to man, through the consumption of cultured fish, is very remote in Italy. On the contrary, transmission of Streptococcus iniae, Vibrio vulnificus and Mycobacterium marinum by means of improper manipulation of infected fish, could represent a potential hazard for fish farmers and fish processors, as well as for people preparing fish meals.     

Comparison of methods for detection of an infection with different isolates of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV)

The infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) is beside the viral haemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) one of the viral fish diseases that have a considerable economic impact on German aquaculture. The measures actually in force are focused on control and spread prevention of the disease within the borders of the European Union (EU). The detection and confirmation of an outbreak is performed according to the pertinent EU legislation which allow the application of methods like the virus neutralisation test (VNT), the immunofluorescence test (IFT) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Besides the classic virological serology methods, further tests for the identification and confirmation of the fish pathogen like i.e. PCR and DNA probe techniques are recommended by the OIE. To compare diagnostic methods as ELISA, cell cultivation and RT-PCR, rainbow trout of the strain "Isle of Man" were infected with six IHNV strains. Samples were taken on day 7 (viraemia period) and at the day 28 of the trial. The ground organs were inoculated into EPC cells (Epithelioma papulosum Cyprini cells) and examined by ELISA as well as after RNA extraction by RT-PCR. Besides the determination of the isolate as well as the virulence for 20 g trout, significant differences in the demonstration of the viruses were observed. While the RT-PCR demonstrated to be the most sensitive method, antigen ELISA and virus cultivation results showed in dependence of the IHNV isolate that not all viruses were identifiable under the chosen experimental condition in the same manner.     

主要病毒性牛呼吸道疾病的研究进展

牛呼吸道疾病（bovine respiratory disease,BRD）是引起舍饲牛发病和死亡的主要原因,给北美和世界养牛业造成巨大的经济损失。BRD是由多种病毒、细菌与外界环境相互作用,如应激、环境因素与多种病毒、细菌和支原体等而引起的一种严重的呼吸系统疾病。作者就引起BRD的常见和严重的病原牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒（infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus,IBRV）和牛呼吸道合胞体病毒（bovine respiratory syncytial virus,BRSV）的生物学特性、细胞感染和致病机制等进行简要概述,以期为该病的防制和研究提供参考。     

牛病毒性腹泻/粘膜病研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻(BVD)是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)引起的一种传染病。被感染后,会导致牛群腹泻、发热、黏膜糜烂溃疡、先天性免疫等症状。本文通过对牛病毒性腹泻流行情况、检测方法、临床类型以及预防与防控等进行论述,为我国的牛病毒性腹泻防治研究提供参考。     

柑桔褪绿矮化相关病研究进展

柑桔褪绿矮化病是一种新近发生的危险性柑桔病害,该病造成柠檬、葡萄柚、桔橙等柑桔品种产量降低,品质变劣,严重影响其经济价值[1]。自上世纪80年代柑桔褪绿矮化病被首次发现于土耳其南部的地中海地区以来,现已扩散至土耳其各柑桔产区[2, 3]。近年来在我国云南等地也发现了该病[4, 5]。鉴于柑桔褪绿矮化病对柑桔生产的严重危害,国外学者对其开展了相关研究。本文就该病的分类地位、寄主范围和传播途径、分子生物学特性、检测及防治的研究进展作一综述。     

牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病的研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒引起的一种传染性疾病。该病以发热、黏膜糜烂或溃疡、白细胞减少、腹泻、怀孕母牛流产或产畸型胎儿为主要特征。本文就牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病的病原学、致病机理、流行现状以及防治概况等进行了综述。     

牛病毒性腹泻的流行情况及防制

牛病毒性腹泻是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒引起的一种急性热性传染病。除了引起牛发病外,还可引起猪、羊、鹿及多种野生动物感染,给畜牧业造成严重的经济损失。作者对牛病毒性腹泻的流行情况进行了总结,并提出了相应的防制措施。      

牛病毒性腹泻病毒的多型性及疫病防控

牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)引起牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病,广泛分布于世界各地。该病毒具有较大的变异性,根据病毒基因组结构特点分为2个基因型,即BVDV1和BVDV2。每个基因型包括多种基因亚型,每个基因型又有2个生物型,致细胞病变(CP)型和非致细胞病变(NCP)型。病毒的这种特性造成各病毒株的抗原性和血清学特性的差异,给疫病的流行病学研究、诊断、疫苗研究和防控工作造成一定困难。文章论述了病毒的这种特性造成疫病的多种临床表现,导致疫病防控困难,说明了流行病学分析在该病防制的重要性,提出疫病主要诊断方法及防控措施。