利高霉素＋新肥素对肉仔鸡全程用药药效试验

采用AA及艾维茵肉仔鸡，试验组与对照组各9552只，各有4个重复组，每组2352只－2448只不等，试验组用利高霉素100及新肥素325可溶性粉剂，按肉仔鸡饲养全程每隔5－7d交替饮用3d，连用8次（新肥素5次，利高霉素3次）；对照组按该场和药连用16次之多。试验结果：试验组平均成活率为94.85%，对照组平均成活率为93.49%；试验组总耗料48680kg，对照组总耗料47705kg；试验组出栏总重22565.72kg，对照组出栏总重21210.37kg；试验组平均出栏体重2.49kg/只，对照组平均出栏体重2.38kg/只；试验组平均料肉比为2.19:1，对照组平均料肉比2.29:1；试验组药费均值为0.78元／只，对照组药费均值为1.36元／只。试验组较对照组增加纯收入平均值为1.27元／只。     

高铜对肉用仔鸡生长影响的研究

用109羽9日龄AA商品代肉用仔鸡,进行了饲养试验,研究在常用饲粮中添加高铜(CuSO_4.5H_2O)对肉鸡的增重速度和饲料利用率的影响.41日龄,试验组平均个体重1835g,平均日增重54.15g,料肉比1.86∶1,成活率98％;对照组平均个体重1690g,平均日增重49.56g。料肉比2.15∶1,成活率96.8％,试验组各个项目均优于对照组.试验结果表明:高铜对肉鸡的增重影响极显著(P<0.01),对肉鸡的饲料利用效率影响极显著(P<0.01)。     

利高霉素、新肥素(R)、可肥素(R)在肉仔鸡生产中联合应用的药效试验

本试验评估了利高霉素100可溶性粉剂、新肥素325可溶性粉剂、可肥素110促生长饲料添加剂,进口兽药速解灵注射粉剂,在肉仔鸡饲养全程中计划用药与饲养场常规（无设限）用药对比,对改善鸡群健康状态、增重、饲料转化率及最终的经济效益上的优势.     

旱养对山麻鸭生产性能影响的测试

选用同一批101日龄山麻鸭600羽按饲养方式分为对照组和试验组,每组3个重复,每重复100羽(公鸭8羽、母鸭92羽)。对照组为鸭场内原有的传统池塘水面圈养,试验组采用旱地平养结合间歇喷淋,其他条件在整个试验期间相同,以测定产蛋性能。结果表明:测试期间(160d),试验组、对照组的死淘率分别为0.95%、1.89%;试验组每羽母鸭平均产蛋139.50枚、每枚蛋重69.22g、总蛋重9.68kg,对照组平均产蛋138.76枚、每枚蛋重69.07g、总蛋重9.58kg,试验组产蛋数、总蛋重和蛋粒重比对照组分别提高0.53%、0.22%和1.04%,但差异不显著。试验期间试验组消耗饲料为28.54kg,料蛋比为2.947:1,对照组消耗饲料为32.35kg,料蛋比为3.376:1,试验组饲料消耗量及料蛋比明显低于对照组。试验期间试验组种蛋合格率为93.72%,对照组为91.66%,但差异不显著。与传统饲养模式相比,旱养对山麻鸭生产性能无明显影响,但其饲料转化率显著高于传统模式,节约生产成本;而且不影响种蛋受精率,是一种安全可持续的饲养模式。     

微生态制剂聚力宝对肉鸡生长性能的影响

选用1日龄AA商品肉仔鸡22276羽,随机分成2组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在日粮中添加微生态制剂聚力宝。试验期6周后出栏,结果发现:试验组出栏平均体重比对照组高40g/羽,料重比较对照组降低0.05,利润增加0.53元/羽,经济效益明显高于对照组。     

微生态制剂对AA肉仔鸡生长性能的影响

在3 000只刚出壳AA肉仔鸡的日粮中添加微生态制剂,观察其对肉鸡生长性能的影响。试验分为2组,每组1 500羽,对照组用添加抗生素的饲料饲养,试验组添加0.04%的微生态制剂,试验期均为7周。结果表明:试验组肉仔鸡21 d前白痢发生率明显低于对照组,成活率较对照组高6.10%;试验组肉仔鸡全期平均日增重、49 d平均体重均高于对照组,料重比、死淘率低于对照组;试验组上市肉鸡经检测,肉鸡胴体及内脏中无任何抗生素药物残留。     

液体微生态制剂对肉鸡生产性能的影响

为研究液体微生态制剂对肉鸡生产性能的影响,试验选用同一时期两个相邻批次的1日龄肉仔鸡共27.65万只,随机分为对照组和试验组。对照组分为7个重复,每个重复20000只;试验组分为7个重复,每个重复19500只鸡。两个组饲喂相同基础日粮,自由饮水,试验组1～10日龄肉仔鸡在饮水中添加0.1%的液体微生态制剂,试验期共45 d。在第7、14、28、35、45天分别记录成活只数和鸡只重量,出栏时计算出栏重、成活率、总耗料量、料肉比和欧洲指数。结果表明:(1)从第4周试验组平均体重超过对照组(增加2.0%),但差异不显著(P 0.05);第5周试验组平均体重比对照组增加5.3%,且差异极显著(P 0.01);45 d出栏时试验组平均体重比对照组增加6.2%,且差异极显著(P 0.01);(2)肉鸡养殖前5周对照组和试验组平均成活率差异不明显;45 d出栏时试验组平均成活率比对照组增加0.9%,差异极显著(P 0.01);(3)试验结束后,平均每天每只鸡采食量增加3.8%,增重增加4.3%,料肉比降低0.02,欧洲指数增长9.3%。综上所述,幼龄阶段(1～10日龄)在饮水中添加0.1%液体微生态制剂可以明显提高育成阶段肉鸡的体重和成活率,从而提高肉鸡生产性能。     

鸡胚羽毛蛋白粉代替肉鸡日粮中进口鱼粉的对比试验

本文观察了以鸡胚羽毛蛋白粉代替鱼粉的饲料饲喂穗麻89肉鸡的效果,结果表明:采用鸡胚羽毛蛋白粉代替日粮中的鱼粉饲喂的肉鸡生长发育良好,70日龄鸡胚羽毛蛋白粉试验组平均体重(g)为1248±141.4,肉料比为1:3.12,成活率为94%。鱼粉对照组平均体重(g)为1260±137.6,肉料比为1:3.09,成活率为94.6%。经检验两组间体重无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:鸡胚羽毛蛋白粉是一种蛋白含量高、质量好的一种动物性蛋白,可在饲料日粮中完全代替鱼粉。     

"复合有机微量元素"对肉仔鸡抗病促生长试验

试验采用1万只肉仔鸡,分为2个试验组和2个对照组,每组2500只,试验组以“复合有机微量元素”按1000g/吨饲料添加饲喂1～47日龄,试验结果:试验组成活率为96.35%>对照组成活率91.7%;试验组较对照组多增重1443.80kg,且试验组鸡冠红、腿黄、毛亮,鸡活泼有力;试验组料肉比2.12:1<对照组2.23:1;试验组药费6058.6元<对照组6991.4元。经济效益分析:试验组净收入4241.38元,平均每只收入0.85元;对照组亏损1235.92元,平均每只亏损0.25元。试验表明“复合有机微量元素”对肉仔鸡有抗病促生长作用,其应用前景非常广阔,并具有较高的科学价值。     

鸡球虫病三价活疫苗在网养肉鸡上的临床免疫效果观察

正为了解鸡球虫病三价活疫苗在网上平养肉鸡的田间免疫效果,更好的开展球虫病的疫苗防疫工作,选用齐鲁球虫病三价活疫苗,对烟台市牟平区某肉鸡养殖场所饲养的12000羽白羽肉鸡进行免疫(对照组12000羽未免),对出栏平均体重、料肉比、成活率和欧洲系数进行监测,评估球虫病三价活疫苗的临床免疫效果。结果显示:免疫组和对照组的平均体重为2.53和2.38kg、料肉比     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.