畜禽饲料调味剂的营养作用

调味剂通常也称为香味剂、诱食剂、风味剂,在饲料中添加调味剂可增进动物食欲,掩盖某些饲料组分的不良气味,从而改善饲料的适口性,增加动物采食量、提高非常规饲料资源的利用,提高动物生产性能、节约饲料、降低畜禽生产成本。1调味剂的特性调味剂常含有甜味剂和香味剂,在颗粒料     

畜禽饲粮调味剂的营养作用

调味剂(Feed Flavor)通常也称为香味剂、诱食剂、风味剂，调味剂常含有甜味剂和香味剂。饲料甜味来自有机化合物，如蔗糖、某些多糖、甘油、醇、醛和酮，一些稀碱和无机元素也有甜味。大多数多肽、蛋白质无味，但有些天然多肽如Thaumatin、monellin等是目前已知最甜的化合物之一。饲料的香味来自挥发性化合物，其类型很多，绝大多数是低分子有机化合物。在饲料中添加调味剂可增进动物食欲、掩盖某些饲料组分的不良气味、增加动物喜爱的某种气味，从而改善饲料的适口性、增加动物采食量、提高非常规饲料资源的利用，提高动物生产性能、节约饲粮资源、降低畜禽生产成本。     

动物食欲增进剂的种类及其应用

动物食欲增进剂的种类很多，主要包括香味剂、风味剂和水产诱食剂3大类。它具有的主要作用有：增强动物食欲，提高饲料的消化吸收及利用率；改善人工乳的风味；在应激和患病时提高采食量；有利于提高饲料的商品竞争能力。在养殖业中，食欲增进剂在不同动物中应用广泛，并应注意饲料原料的质量，明确使用对象和使用目的及注意饲料的贮存时间。     

动物食欲增进剂的种类及其应用

动物食欲增进剂的种类很多,主要包括香味剂、风味剂和水产诱食剂3大类.它具有的主要作用有增强动物食欲,提高饲料的消化吸收及利用率;改善人工乳的风味;在应激和患病时提高采食量;有利于提高饲料的商品竞争能力.在养殖业中,食欲增进剂在不同动物中应用广泛,并应注意饲料原料的质量,明确使用对象和使用目的及注意饲料的贮存时间.     

饲料诱食剂的选用及注意事项

<正>饲料诱食剂又称香味剂或调味剂,是根据不同动物在不同生长阶段的生理特征和采食习性,为改善饲料的适口性、增强食欲、提高采食量、刺激动物唾液、胃液、胰液等的分泌、加快固体饲料     

浅谈饲科调味剂

一、调味剂在饲料工业发展中的重要地位 用于改善饲料适口性,增进饲养动物食 欲的添加剂称为调味剂,也称香味剂、风味剂、诱食剂等。饲料调味剂是根据不同动物在不同生长阶段的生理特征与采食习性,为改善饲料的诱食性和适口性而添加到饲料中的复合香味添加剂。 饲料调味剂是饲料工业和饲养业发展到一定阶段的必然产物,其作用和特性决定了其巨大的应用潜力和发展前途。从饲料加工技术来说,营养学家所注重的是饲料的营养成份的全价性和平衡性,而不是饲料的适口     

猪配合饲料中风味剂的作用

饲料风味剂又称诱食剂、食欲增进剂,其作用原理与动物的味觉、嗅觉、呼吸系统、消化系统等功能密切相关.     

饲料用香味剂的选用与添加方法

饲料用香味剂是通过研究畜禽嗅觉、味觉等生理学原理,用来改善和增强饲料天然口味与气味,促进畜禽采食、生长、生成的感官添加剂。可改善饲料适口性,增强动物食欲,提高动物采食量,促进饲料消化吸收与利用,而添加于饲料中的特殊添加物。     

畜禽饲粮调味剂的营养作用

调味剂通常也称为香味剂、诱食剂、风味剂，调味剂常含有甜味剂和香味剂。饲料甜味来自有机化合物，如蔗、某些多糖、甘油、醇、醛和酮，一些稀碱和无机元素也有甜味。大多数多肽、蛋白质无味，但有些天然多肽如Thaumatin、monellin等是目前已知最甜的化合物之一。饲料的香味来自挥发性化合物，其类型很多，绝大多数是低分子有机化合物。     

仔猪诱食料的补喂方法

1诱食料应具备的特性 仔猪的嗅觉、味觉发达,喜食甜香和乳香味饲料,诱食料要投仔猪所好,将诱食料调制成具有香甜而松脆的料粒,利于仔猪提早开食。如将大麦、玉米、高粱等籽粒炒熟撒于圈墙角落,利用仔猪的探究行为及饲料香味引诱仔猪采食。诱食剂可以通过刺激动物的味觉和嗅觉,使之产生食欲,提高动物在应激状态下的采食量。甜味剂主要是通过刺激动物的味觉,使动物产生强烈的食欲,从而增加采食量。香味剂主要是通过刺激动物的嗅觉使动物产生食欲,提高动物的采食量。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.