奶牛场O型口蹄疫免疫抗体水平的检测与分析

疫病监测是动物免疫工作的重要内容,准确监测是防控口蹄疫的重要环节。采集某地区9个奶牛养殖场及散养户的牛血清,采用正向间接血凝试验进行O型口蹄疫免疫抗体水平的检测。结果显示,该地区牛口蹄疫疫苗免疫合格率平均为71.5%,规模化养殖场高达76.7%,而个体散养户只有51.7%,比个体散养户高25%。由此表明,规模化养殖场免疫效果较好。     

乐山市猪瘟和猪O型口蹄疫免疫抗体水平检测与分析

为掌握乐山市生猪饲养场猪瘟和猪O型口蹄疫疫苗免疫效果,2015年,笔者对全市11个区(市)县114个生猪养殖场(户)采用ELISA方法,检测猪瘟免疫抗体1917份、猪O型口蹄疫免疫抗体1881份。结果表明,乐山市猪瘟免疫抗体合格率为84.9%,猪O型口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率为81.1%。规模化猪场猪瘟和猪O型口蹄疫抗体合格率普遍高于散养户,试验为乐山防控这2种疫病提供了基础资料。     

2017—2018年山东省猪口蹄疫免疫效果评估

为了解山东省猪群口蹄疫免疫状况,评估疫苗免疫效果,2017—2018年对全省135家规模化猪场,随机采集血液并分离血清,通过ELISA方法检测猪O型口蹄疫抗体和猪口蹄疫结构蛋白VP1抗体。结果显示:2017—2018年,无疫区内的合格率分别为96.03%、94.80%,其余地区的O型抗体合格率分别为78.24%、81.88%,均达到了农业农村部要求的70%以上的标准;聊城和济宁等地区的猪O型口蹄疫抗体水平最低,平均阳性率分别为64.68%和63.5%;各类型养殖场中,种猪场合格率最高,分别为90.73%和88.00%,散养户最低,合格率分别为68.80%和66.88%。2017—2018年,VP1抗体合格率分别为87.9%、84.9%,达到了70%以上的标准。结果表明,山东省猪口蹄疫免疫效果整体较好,说明强制免疫工作达到了预期效果,但散养户和部分地区猪群的免疫水平偏低,需要加强免疫宣传和培训,调整优化免疫程序,加大监测督查力度,实施疫苗的科学免疫,从而全面提高猪群免疫抗体水平。     

口蹄疫O型-亚洲Ⅰ型二价灭活疫苗免疫羊后O型抗体水平的检测

为了探讨口蹄疫O型-亚洲Ⅰ型二价灭活苗免疫接种羊后产生的O型抗体效价,在肃州区银达镇和果园乡规模场、散养户采集羊血清,采用正向间接血凝试验进行O型口蹄疫疫苗免疫抗体水平的检测。结果显示,规模场免疫抗体合格率平均为86.11%,散养户免疫抗体合格率平均为72%,个别散养户抗体只有40%。两个乡镇的规模场均较散养户免疫效果好,而且成年羊抗体明显高于羔羊,说明首免不能产生有效的保护抗体水平,只有二次加强免疫,抗体效价才能达到保护水平。     

哈尔滨地区牛、羊O型和亚洲1型口蹄疫免疫效果监测报告

本文通过对哈尔滨市重点养殖地区牛、羊O型和亚洲1型的抗体监测,基本掌握了哈尔滨市牛、羊等牲畜口蹄疫疫苗的免疫抗体消长规律。哈尔滨地区牛、羊口蹄疫双价疫苗免疫后产生免疫保护的时间平均为25～30d,畜群免疫抗体合格率平均可达63.4%以上;免疫保护期平均为3～4个月。畜群有效免疫抗体合格率平均可达72.3%以上,其中以双城市奶牛群的有效免疫抗体合格率为最高,平均可达到81.6%。畜群免疫后5～6个月免疫抗体合格率平均仅为46.7%,失去疫苗保护作用。同时,哈尔滨地区牛、羊的亚洲1型口蹄疫有效免疫抗体平均合格率比O型口蹄疫高出7个百分点以上。     

陕西省榆林市口蹄疫免疫抗体检测

为评估陕西省榆林市O型、AsiaI型和A型口蹄疫的免疫抗体水平,比较单次免疫和加强免疫后的抗体水平和变化趋势,在陕西省榆林市采集55个规模场和120个散养户强制免疫后的猪、牛、羊血清共计2310份,用液相阻断ELISA法检测口蹄疫免疫抗体。结果显示:羊O型、Asia?型,猪O型,牛O型、AsiaI型和A型口蹄疫平均免疫抗体合格率分别为(57.12±4.8)%、(64.66±4.2)%、(66.46±2.02)%、(56±5.98)%、(57.9±1.66)%和(64.29±4.26)%;规模场中,只有羊AsiaI型和猪O型口蹄疫抗体合格率达到70%以上,而散养户的全部口蹄疫抗体合格率均低于70%,差异极显著(P≤0.01);规模场首免1个月后进行加强免疫,发现抗体合格率全部由低于70%升高至80%以上,差异显著(P≤0.01)。结果表明,榆林市的整体口蹄疫免疫效果较差,只有规模场的羊AsiaI型和猪O型口蹄疫抗体合格率达到70%以上,因此需要对这些免疫不合格畜群进行加强免疫,只有这样方能实现有效的免疫保护。本研究为了解本地区口蹄疫免疫效果,以及免疫程序制定和进一步做好口蹄疫防控工作提供了参考。     

云南省新平县家畜O型口蹄疫血清学监测

为了解新平县猪牛羊O型口蹄疫的免疫抗体水平，评估疫苗免疫效果，2018—2022年连续5年在12个乡镇（街道），分别采集猪、牛、羊血清样品2 289、2 020、2 491份，采用ELISA方法进行O型口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）血清抗体检测，汇总检测结果进行不同畜种、不同饲养规模、不同季节的统计分析。结果显示：牛、羊、猪O型FMDV平均抗体合格率分别为86.53%(1 748/2 020)、81.65%(2 034/2 491)、68.20%(1 561/2 289)，不同畜种间抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义（P <0.001）；规模场O型FMDV平均抗体合格率为80.93%(3 026/3 739)，散养户为75.69%(2 317/3 061)，差异有统计学意义（P <0.001）；春季、秋季的牛抗体阳性率分别为86.15%、86.89%，羊抗体阳性率分别为82.14%、81.19%，猪抗体阳性率分别为67.08%、69.42%，春季、秋季间同一畜种的抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。结果表明：2018年以来，新平县牛羊O型口蹄疫免疫效果较好，但猪免疫效果较差...     

某地区牛、羊口蹄疫免疫抗体监测与分析

为确实掌握某地区牛、羊口蹄疫(FMD)春季防疫免疫效果,利用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对该地区某奶牛场的74头奶牛进行了A、O和亚洲Ⅰ型FMD免疫抗体的检测,对7家规模养殖场和7家散养户的80只山羊进行了O型和亚洲Ⅰ型FMD抗体的检测。结果显示,用O型-A型-亚洲Ⅰ型FMD三价灭活苗免疫奶牛后,可同时产生针对A、O和亚Ⅰ型3种亚型的高水平抗体;用O型-亚洲Ⅰ型FMD二价灭活苗免疫羊后,规模羊场的两种亚型抗体合格率均高于散养羊。所抽检牛、羊抗体合格率均超过农业部规定的70%的标准。结果表明,FMD三价苗免疫效果较好,可以起到一针防三型的作用,值得推广应用。     

新疆阿勒泰地区O、A型口蹄疫血清抗体监测

为及时掌握阿勒泰地区动物(牛、羊、猪)口蹄疫免疫效果,研究对2021年1月至5月新疆阿勒泰地区7个区域(A、B、C、D、E、F、G) 1 586份血样进行O、A型口蹄疫血清抗体合格率监测分析。结果显示:O型口蹄疫免疫合格率为86.51%,A型口蹄疫免疫合格率为86.13%;其中,牛、羊、猪的O、A型口蹄疫免疫合格率均为80.00%以上;各地区牛、羊、猪的个体免疫合格率均大于70%,符合我国规定的口蹄疫免疫抗体的群体免疫合格率70%的标准。但是,对于G区,O、A型口蹄疫合格率均较低,必要时仍需加强免疫1次。研究表明,当地对O、A型口蹄疫的免疫工作的开展扎实有效,免疫密度和质量效果相对较好,但部分地区仍需加强。     

民和县猪“三病”免疫抗体检测

本文对民和县峡门等乡镇的生猪进行了口蹄疫、猪瘟、高致病性猪蓝耳病免疫抗体检测,其结果为:O型口蹄疫免疫抗体群体合格率为91.5%、猪瘟免疫抗体群体合格率为89.1%、高致病性猪蓝耳病免疫抗体群体合格率为79.6%;规模养殖场O型口蹄疫免疫抗体群体合格率为91%、猪瘟免疫抗体群体合格率为94.1%、高致病性猪蓝耳病免疫抗体群体合格率为88%;散养户O型口蹄疫免疫抗体群体合格率为91.9%、猪瘟免疫抗体群体合格率为86.0%、高致病性猪蓝耳病免疫抗体群体合格率为74.4%;免疫抗体合格率达到农业部规定的≥70%以上,且规模养殖场免疫抗体高于散养户,表明"三病"的免疫抗体效果好,具有较强的保护力。     

2019—2021年伊吾县牛羊口蹄疫免疫抗体监测与分析

为掌握伊吾县牛羊口蹄疫免疫抗体水平,采用液相阻断ELISA抗体检测(LPB-ELISA)方法,收集6个乡镇2019—2021年抽检春秋两季牛1258头、羊2496只,进行时间、地域分布描述。实验显示,口蹄疫A型总体合格率90.86%、90.91%,O型口蹄疫免疫抗体总体合格率94.12%、94.03%,免疫抗体效价大于70%。不同区域前山乡口蹄疫整体免疫水平最高,吐葫芦乡牛A型口蹄疫免疫抗体较低仅为74.67%。结果表明,全县牛羊口蹄疫免疫抗体检测效果整体良好,部分乡镇免疫较低。需做好基层牛羊口蹄疫免疫调研,查找原因,提出了今后的工作方向,加强对防疫员开展从疫苗保存、免疫部位选择、免疫剂量技术指导,特别是动物检疫站监管,为伊吾县畜牧业高质量健康发展提供依据。     

口蹄疫疫苗对牛的应用效果调查

牛口蹄疫是传染性疾病,为研究青海省峰堆乡口蹄疫疫苗的免疫效果,于2018—2019年对该乡的7个村开展牛口蹄疫疫苗免疫效果调查,共调查牛634头,7个村总体的口蹄疫合格率为100.00%和97.56%,最低合格率为81.63%和88.63%。为更好地控制该类疾病发生流行,提升免疫效果,该文探讨口蹄疫疫苗免疫失败原因,并制定了相应的预防措施。     

2017—2019年广西玉林市牛羊口蹄疫和小反刍兽疫血清抗体检测

为了解广西玉林市牛羊口蹄疫(FMD)和小反刍兽疫(PPR)免疫情况,2017—2019年采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),对从玉林市7个县(市、区)234个种畜场、规模养殖场和散养户采集2244份羊血清和922份牛血清样本进行O型、A型和亚洲I型FMD以及PPR免疫抗体检测,并比较不同年份、不同地区的免疫抗体水平.结...     

Experimental studies with foot-and-mouth disease virus type Asia-1, responsible for the 2005 epidemic in China

This study was carried out to investigate the biological characteristics of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus strain Asia-1 China/2005, which is responsible for the 2005 epidemic in China. The result showed that this strain is not host restricted, and could not only cause FMD in cattle and sheep but also in pigs by either inoculation or direct contact.     

The effect of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination on virus transmission and the significance for the field

Vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) might be one of the control measures used during an FMD epidemic depending on the local epidemiological situation, the status of the country, and the opinion of policy makers. A sound decision on vaccination can be made only if there is sufficient scientific knowledge on the effectiveness of vaccination in eliminating the virus from the population. An important question is whether a single vaccination applied as an emergency vaccine can contribute to the control of an epidemic. This paper presents the results of transmission experiments on vaccine efficacy in groups of cattle, pigs, and sheep and concludes that vaccination seemed to be effective in cattle and sheep, but was less effective in pigs. The possible implications for application to field conditions are discussed.     

The seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in the sedentary livestock herds in four districts of Bhutan

Cross sectional serological surveys were conducted between March and December 2009 to determine the distribution of foot-and-mouth disease and also to validate the current passive surveillance system in Bhutan. A total of 1909 sera collected from cattle, goats, sheep, and pigs, from 485 herds in 106 villages, were tested using a foot-and-mouth disease non-structural protein 3ABC ELISA. The true prevalence at the animal-level for all species was 15% (95% CI: 13.5, 16.7) using the sensitivity (97.2%) and specificity (99.5%) for cattle. The true prevalence for cattle, goats, sheep and pigs were 17.6 (95% CI: 15.6, 19.5), 11.9% (95% CI: 5.6, 18.3), 11.9% (95% CI: 1.3, 25.1), and 1.9% (95% CI: 0.0, 3.8), respectively. The sub-districts that shared border with India had significantly (p=0.03) higher seroprevalence than the interior sub-districts. Villages located in the sub-tropical zone had significantly (p<0.0001) higher seroprevalence than those located at high altitude zones. Herds with known outbreaks of FMD were 3.6 times more likely (p<0.001) to be seropositive than those with no history of outbreaks of FMD. The study showed the usefulness of population-based serological surveys in detecting circulation of active infection in populations which were, until now, considered to be free of disease based on a passive surveillance system. The study also highlighted the benefits of conducting serological and questionnaire surveys, simultaneously, to ascertain the infection status of herds and animals. Some of the findings from this study could be considered for strengthening of the current FMD control program in Bhutan.     

张掖市近三年牛口蹄疫免疫抗体监测情况分析

通过对近三年张掖市牛口蹄疫免疫抗体监测结果的汇总分析,提出了口蹄疫免疫抗体监测的重要意义,取得的成绩,存在的问题,今后的对策等,为如何进一步搞好牛口蹄疫防制工作提供了依据.     

Persistence of FDMV and its effects on disease control strategies

It is well-known that foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a persistent infection, lasting for more than 28 days, in cattle, sheep, goat as well as some other ruminant species, but not in pigs. Although convincing evidence for virus transmission is missing, these carrier animals have to be considered as a potential risk of infection. Some aspects of FMDV persistence are presented and discussed with regard to disease control strategies.     

The airborne dispersal of foot-and-mouth disease virus from vaccinated and recovered pigs, cattle and sheep after exposure to infection.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus was detected during two periods in the air of looseboxes which housed susceptible, vaccinated or recovered pigs, cattle or sheep exposed to infection. The first was 30 min to 22 h after exposure and occurred in all animals. The second was two to seven days after exposure and occurred with those susceptible and vaccinated animals which developed clinical lesions, and with vaccinated and recovered pigs and sheep, which did not develop clinical lesions. Vaccination of animals before exposure resulted in less or no virus being detected. The virus during the first period was attributed to virus trapped on the animal during exposure, and the virus during the second period to limited multiplication in the respiratory tract. Control of movement for two weeks after contact with infection is suggested as a means of preventing spread of foot-and-mouth disease in areas that contain vaccinated animals.     

2016—2018年广西玉林市和百色市主要家畜疫病定点监测

为了解广西地区口蹄疫(FMD)、猪瘟(CSF)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)、猪伪狂犬病(PR)、布鲁氏菌病和小反刍兽疫(PPR)等重大动物疫病的免疫动态、疫情流行风险,按照国家动物疫病定点监测实施方案相关要求,2016—2018年运用ELISA和实时荧光定量PCR方法,对玉林市和百色市20个定点监测场点的猪、牛、羊...