美国匙吻鲟的引进及仔幼鱼培育技术

匙吻鲟,又名鸭嘴鲟,属匙吻鲟科,是世界上现存两种匙吻鲟种鱼类之一,主要分布于美国中部的大型河流及相关湖泊、水库和海湾沿岸地带,是美国特有的一种珍稀鱼类,因其具有特殊的外形,吻部特长,约占全长的1/3,形如汤匙,泳态奇特,摄食行为又别具一格,常常翻动身体,仰着肚皮,口朝天吃     

美国匙吻鲟的引进及仔幼鱼培育技术

笔者于1998-2005年在江苏南京六合区金牛山水库和山湖水库开展了美国匙吻鲟的引进、人工孵化及商品鱼养殖技术试验,取得了良好的经济和社会效益。现将近几年来的试验情况总结如下：     

匙吻鲟受精卵的孵化及仔幼鱼培育技术

通过对匙吻鲟孵化率、成活率以及生长情况的统计 ,探讨水中溶氧、温度、pH值、饲养密度对匙吻鲟受精卵孵化和仔幼鱼培育的影响 ,初步得出了受精卵孵化和仔幼鱼培育的适宜条件 :温度 18～ 2 0℃、pH值为 7 0～ 8 0 ,匙吻鲟体长在 1～ 4cm时 ,适宜饲养密度为 80 0～ 10 0 0尾 /m3 ,4～ 6cm时 ,适宜密度为 4 0 0～ 5 0 0尾 /m3 。     

高寒地区匙吻鲟受精卵孵化及仔幼鱼培育技术

匙吻鲟（Polyodonspathula）隶属于鲟形目、匙吻鲟科。原产于密西西比河流域，属中上层鱼类，可终生以浮游动物为食，是世界上现存的两种匙吻鲟科鱼类之一（另一种为我国特有的白鲟）。2004--2005年，我们组织实施了哈尔滨市科技攻关项目“美国匙吻鲟健康养殖技术研究”，     

匙吻鲟发眼卵孵化及仔幼鱼培育试验

本试验对匙吻鲟的孵化及仔幼鱼培育时期的生活习性及养殖技术进行了初步研究.匙吻鲟鱼苗孵出后经6d培育,开口摄食,再经35d培育,全长可达100mm.在养殖过程中匙吻鲟均游动在水体中上层,易自残.主要摄食轮虫和枝角类,对水蚯蚓和人工配合饲料不喜食.匙吻鲟对水质的要求比较高且不耐低氧.     

匙吻鲟幼鱼饵料培育及投喂技术

简要描述了匙吻鲟仔幼鱼摄食器官发育特征与摄食习性,总结出相关的幼鱼饵料池塘配套培育及投喂技术,关键是把握施肥时机、筛选并投喂足量适口饵料、严密监测浮游生物大小与种类组成。     

匙吻鲟苗种培育技术总结

匙吻鲟苗种培育分为仔鱼暂养鱼苗培育和鱼种培育三个阶段，根据稚鱼不同的生长发育情况，将其放养在不同的培育池中，放养密主亦做相应的高速，从而提高苗种的生长速度和成活率，经过70天的培育鱼全长可达20－30cm，成活率在85％以上。     

鲟鱼仔、稚、幼鱼的生物学及苗种的培育

鲟鱼仔鱼期一般指孵化后至开口摄食的阶段,稚鱼期则指开口摄食至鱼体表上五列骨板形成的阶段。也有人把仔鱼称为前期仔鱼,稚鱼则称为后期仔鱼。幼鱼则是指体表五列骨板已长至尾柄基部,外观上具备成鱼体型的鲟鱼。在生产上通常把仔鱼、稚鱼称为鱼苗,幼鱼称为鱼种。鱼苗、鱼种是发育过程中变化最快的一个时期,与成鱼相比,无论从形态、生活习性及生理特征上都有很大的差别。在苗种培育阶段要经历仔鱼的开口摄食和幼鱼的转食两个敏感时期,且此阶段的鲟鱼对环境变化的适应能力及对病原体的抵抗能力都较差,很容易因营养、疾病及环境不适等原因而衰…     

匙吻鲟苗种规模化培育技术

2010年4月14日至6月1日在湖北宜昌进行了匙吻鲟苗种的规模化培育试验示范。鱼苗培育在室内水槽内进行,放养密度800～1000尾/m2,改善水温、溶氧、流速等养殖条件,适时投喂适口饵料生物,经过15d养殖,获4cm左右的鱼种47.12万尾,成活率95%;鱼种培育在水库坝下池塘进行,放养密度30万～40万尾/hm2,以...     

Cryopreservation of Paddlefish Polyodon spathula Milt

Abstract.— A practical procedure for cryopreserving milt of paddlefish Polyodon sparhula was developed to obtain thawed spermatozoa that would fertilize eggs and permit hatching of normal larvae. Milt was mixed with a cryoprotectant medium containing DMSO (2.4 M) in a ratio of 3:1(milt: medium; final concentration of DMSO 0.6 M), stored in 5.0-mL freezing straws, and frozen in dry ice (15 min) and then in liquid nitrogen. A total of three replicates were made; the milt of a different male was used in each replicate. Motility of the thawed spermatozoa decreased to 50%-25% as compared to 100% motility of the fresh (control) spermatozoa. Hatching of paddlefish (16.3 ± 2.2%) from eggs fertilized with thawed spermatozoa was significantly lower ( P ≤ 0.01) than the hatch rate (90.8 ± 2.5%) for the control. It was suggested that an increase in viable motile spermatozoa to egg would result in better fertilization and hatching of paddlefish.     

匙吻鲟精液保存试验

取匙吻鲟精液,采用常温和低温保存方法,通过受精率对其活力进行观察。结果表明：匙吻鲟精液在0℃的低温条件下保存61h 30min后,存活率为70%,成活时间达到6min 8s,具有较强的受精活力。     

匙吻鲟网箱养殖技术

匙吻鲟,又称鸭嘴鲟,原产于美国。它生长快、个体大、肉味鲜美、营养价值高,是一种食用兼观赏的名贵经济鱼类。邹城市水产局于2005年至2006年在城前洼陡水库进行了匙吻鲟网箱养殖试验。经过两年的养殖试验,取得了良好的生产效果和经济效益:平均产量达到10.15 kg/m2,折合667m2产6     

Induced Meiotic Gynogenesis of Paddlefish Polyodon spathula

Viable, diploid gynogenetic (gynogenotes) paddlefish Polyodon spathula were produced by activating eggs with ultraviolet-irradiated shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus spermatozoa and heat shocking. Without irradiation treatment, sturgeon spermatozoa appeared to activate the eggs (up to gastrulation), but did not result in any viable hybrids. Experiment 1 determined that heat-shock treatment of 35 C for a 2-min duration within the interval of 2–22 min post-activation resulted in highest yield of gynogenotes (12–19%) from eggs incubated at 18 C. Experiment 2 applied the heat shock treatment at 35 C from 14.0 to 28.0 min in 2-min intervals after activation at 18 C for a larger scale of gynogenetic production. Both experiments showed that the best yields of gynogenotes were obtained when the heat shock treatment occurred at 16, 18, and 20 min after activation. When these times were expressed in terms of τ₀. units (duration of one mitotic cycle of synchronous cell division related to water temperatures), optimal activations were 0.26, 0.29, and 0.32τ₀ (τ₀@ 18 C = 63.5 min). Experiment 3 tested the utility of τ₀. at two different pre-shock incubation water temperatures of 18 C and 16 C, and determined that there was no significant interaction in percentage of viable gynogenotes between two different incubation temperatures and the mitotic intervals (0.21, 0.26, 0.31, 0.36, 0.41τ₀) tested. Best survival of gynogenotes occurred when eggs held at either pre-shock incubation water temperatures were shocked at 0.26τ₀ All gynogenotes examined were histologically confirmed to have ovarian tissue and were determined to have similar oocyte development to that of normal female (control) paddlefish.     

水库网箱养殖匙吻鲟试验

匙吻鲟 (Polyodonspathula)隶属于鲟形目 ,白鲟科 ,匙吻鲟属。主要分布在美国密西西比河流域 ,是一种大型淡水经济鱼类。由于匙吻鲟肉味鲜美 ,营养丰富 ,其卵可制成鱼籽酱 ,是一种价格高的名贵鱼类。除此之外 ,还可作为观赏鱼。因此 ,不论国际或国内匙吻鲟具有广阔的市场前景。几年来 ,笔者主持进行了在池塘、工厂化水泥池进行养殖匙吻鲟试验 ,均获得成功。为了探索匙吻鲟在我市水库网箱养殖的可行性 ,笔者于 2 0 0 1年 6月 15日至 2 0 0 1年 11月 16日主持进行了水库网箱养殖匙吻鲟试验 ,现将试验报告如下。1　材料与方法1 1　试验水域试…     

匙吻鲟全人工繁殖试验

匙吻鲟 ,属鲟形目 ,匙吻鲟科 ,是美国特有的大型经济鱼类。其形状奇特 ,可作为名贵的观赏鱼。成鱼的卵和肉皆为席上珍品 ,尤其是用匙吻鲟卵加工的鱼籽酱 ,味道鲜美 ,营养丰富 ,价格昂贵 ,在国际市场上供不应求 ,每公斤 5 0 0美元以上。在我国长江流域放养二年半 ,体重可达 1 1 kg,四年可达 2 0 kg左右。怀卵量大 ,占鱼体重的 1 5 %～2 5 %。易人工养殖 ,摄食水体中的有机碎屑和浮游生物 ,与花、白鲢的食性相似。我国于 1 991年从美国引进匙吻鲟鱼苗 ,在湖北省试养成功。之后又多次引进匙吻鲟受精卵、鱼苗 ,但由于运输时间过长 ,中转环节太多…     

匙吻鲟池塘饲养试验

匙吻鲟(Polyodon spathula)的原产地在美国中部和北部，它生活于大型河流及湖泊中，是一种淡水经济鱼类。匙吻鲟是一种软骨鱼类，躯干呈流线型，尾部侧扁，体表光润无鳞，眼甚小，口端有一个形似匙柄的长吻，约占体长的1／3。该鱼肉质鲜美，无肌间刺，市场售价高，卵、皮亦具有极高     

匙吻鲟大规格鱼种的池塘培育试验

匙吻鲟是一种纯淡水鱼类,能常年生活在内陆江河、湖库及池塘中,适温范围为0～37℃,最适生长温度22～30℃,食性以浮游动物为主,人工驯化可食颗粒饲料,性情温和,习性与花鲢相似,易捕捞。我单位渔场于2003年5月4日引进匙吻鲟水花1万尾,经暂养池饲养达寸片后转入鱼种池主养,并搭配银鲫套养,取得了较好的效果．现将有关养殖技术介绍如下。     

Improved Cryopreservation of Sperm of Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula)

Experiments were performed to improve protocols for sperm cryopreservation of paddlefish (Polyodon spathula), a species for which there has been limited study. The first experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two extenders (modified Tsvetkova’s extender: mT and modified Hanks’ balanced salt solution: mHBSS) in combination with methanol (MeOH) and dimethyl sulfoxide in two concentrations (5 and 10%) on the postthaw motility and fertilization rates of cryopreserved sperm. The highest postthaw motility (85 ± 5%) was observed when sperm were frozen using mT extender with 10% MeOH as cryoprotectant. Extenders (P = 0.0018) and cryoprotectants (P = 0.0040) each had a significant effect on the postthaw motility of paddlefish sperm. The highest fertilization (80 ± 3%) was found when eggs were fertilized with sperm frozen with mT extender in combination with 10% MeOH. However, there was no significant difference among fertilization rates when MeOH was used as a cryoprotectant in either concentration or in combination with either mT or mHBSS extenders. In the second experiment, 4000 eggs were fertilized with the pooled contents of five straws of thawed sperm (total volume of 1.25 mL) using mT extender in combination with 5% MeOH, and hatch rates as high as 79 ± 5% were observed. A third experiment was also conducted to clarify the role of MeOH concentration; however, no significant difference was found among fertilization and hatch rates when either 5 or 10% MeOH was used as a cryoprotectant. These results suggest that MeOH is a safe and reliable cryoprotectant for freezing of paddlefish sperm and obtaining viable postthaw sperm for consistent fertilization and hatch rates. Further, this experimental protocol is relatively simple and applicable for commercial hatchery production of paddlefish.     

放养在胜利水库中的匙吻鲟的生长

在黑龙江省青冈县胜利水库放牧式养殖了匙吻鲟（Polyodon spathula）,同时调查了水库的水质及浮游动物的种类组成和生物量,并随机设置挂网,不定期调查捕获匙吻鲟的生长状况。结果发现：该水库水质符合渔业水质标准（GB11607—89）,浮游生物的生物量较高。放养的匙吻鲟生长良好,当年可超过越冬规格;日平均增重3．31％,体长增长1．17％,结果表明：匙吻鲟适于在北方湖泊、水库等具备越冬条件的水体进行放牧式养殖。