木瓜海棠新品种的引种试验

对引进宁波的11个木瓜海棠品种的物候期、观赏性以及适应性等进行观察和综合比较,认为长寿冠、世界一、东洋锦、圣火、日月新、红牡丹等6个木瓜海棠品种更具有栽植价值。     

北美海棠的栽培管理

作为兼具观赏性和实用性的树种之一,北美海棠主要种植在我国的北方等地区、为了保证北美海棠能够在我国得到更好地种植和培养,保证北美海棠能够更好地适应我国的气候特点和环境,更好地发挥其观赏和实用价值,分析和研究了北美海棠的栽培管理技术。     

十一个北美海棠品种在山东地区的生长特性及观赏性状研究

为探索北美海棠在山东地区的区域适应性和观赏性,扩大其在园林绿化中的应用范围,对11个北美海棠品种进行生长特性、枝叶特性、观花特性和观果特性的观测。结果表明:11个北美海棠品种均能正常生长、展叶、开花、结果,完成其生活史,但其生长特性、枝叶特性、花果特性表现出一定差异性。其中植株高度、冠幅、胸径等生长特性表现较好的品种有"丰花"、"露易莎"、"冬红果"、"罗宾逊";抽枝展叶、枝叶密度、叶片大小、厚薄等枝叶性状表现较好的品种有"红丽"、"冬红果"、"露易莎";"露易莎"无论从生长性状还是枝叶性状均表现最好,其次为"冬红果"。从现蕾期、花期、花大小、花密度等观花性状看表现较好的品种有"凯尔斯"、"丰花"、"丽丝"、"露易莎"、"果冻";从果大小、果密度等观果性状上表现较好的品种有"凯尔斯"、"露易莎"、"果冻"、"丽丝";在观花、观果方面,"凯尔斯"表现最好,其花重瓣、果大,其次是"露易莎"、"果冻"和"丽丝"。各品种花、果颜色丰富多彩、差异较大。"露易莎"在生长特性、枝叶特性、观花观果特性上综合表现良好。     

不同北美海棠品种在北疆的耐低温性研究

为了解不同北美海棠品种的抗寒特性,筛选出具有较好抗寒性的品种,以10份北美海棠品种的1年生枝条为试验材料,通过对不同低温[-20(对照)、-25、-30、-35、-40℃]胁迫下,测定了不同北美海棠品种枝条的相对电导率和萌芽率的变化情况。结果表明,随着温度的降低,不同北美海棠枝条的相对电导率均呈现上升趋势,并与对照呈极显著差异;由此推测,不同北美海棠抗寒性由强至弱依次为红叶海棠金色海棠牡丹海棠红宝石绚丽粉手帕印度安魔力亚当草莓果冻高原之火;根据恢复生长试验得出各品种抗寒性强弱顺序与电导法鉴定得出的抗寒性排序结果基本一致。本研究结果显示,测试的北美海棠品种的抗寒性均较强,其中草莓果冻能抵御的最低温度在-35~-40℃,其余品种能抵御的最低温度达-40℃以下。本研究结果为北美海棠抗寒性选育和生产发展提供了理论依据。     

北美海棠习性特征及其在现代园林中的应用

北美海棠的种类繁多,观赏效果良好,在现代园林景观设计中,特别是北方园林景观设计中的应用愈加广泛且深入。为进一步发挥北美海棠综合价值作用,切实提升现代园林景观效果,指出北美海棠具有良好的景观价值、果实价值和嫩叶制茶价值。从花期性状、果实性状、耐寒性方面,对17种北美海棠及西府海棠（对照）进行对比分析,明确海棠品种的具体习性特征,指出北美海棠可以在公园广场、道路绿化、公共绿地、滨河绿地、海棠观赏园中深化应用,以发挥出现代园林的最佳景观效果。     

天津地区观赏海棠引种与筛选

以引进的6种海棠为试材,通过对新品种物候期、观赏性、适应性观测,初步筛选适合天津地区栽培和应用的新品种。结果表明:‘当娜’海棠、‘印第安魔力’海棠更适合在我国北方园林绿化中推广。     

北美海棠优良品种简介及栽培技术

在当今环保意识越来越突显的时代中,植物的作用与价值逐渐被人们重视。而北美海棠植物具有较高的观赏性与抗性,其属于彩化树种,可以作为行道树、庭院绿化树种,也可以作为大型盆景、绿岛花坛与车场隔离带的首选材料,能够发挥出较高的价值,且具有广阔的发展前景。为了扩大北美海棠的种植范围与作用,需要对北美海棠的优良品种进行了解,从生物学特征与栽培技术等方面对其进行研究。     

浅谈北美海棠的修剪技术

北美海棠是中国北方重要的园林绿化树种,因其花、叶、果、树形均具观赏性和实用性,且适地范围广、抗性强而被广泛地应用于行道、造景等用途。本文从北美海棠生长及塑性最重要的修剪着手,阐述了不同时期的不同修剪方法,以期为今后的栽培工作提供参考。     

北美海棠在漯河地区的引种栽培及应用

为丰富漯河观赏果树品种,我们从山东临沂引进4个北美海棠品种,于2006年3月～2011年10月在苗圃基地种植,观察各品种的生物学特征、抗病性、耐旱、耐热及繁育方式,并进行推广示范对照,发现是这4个北美海棠品种均具有很高的观赏和推广应用价值。     

不同品种丽格海棠在银川的栽植适应性研究

为筛选出最适合在银川地区栽培的丽格海棠品种,以6个丽格海棠品种为试验材料,测定了不同生长时期各品种的株高、冠幅、茎粗、根长、分根数、叶片数、分枝数等生长性状,分析了不同品种丽格海棠在苗期、营养生长期和花期观赏性状的差异。结果表明,6个丽格海棠品种在不同生长发育时期的生长性状和观赏性状均存在显著差异。其中‘贝姬’‘公主’‘巴克斯’的生根情况良好;生长性状表现由高到低依次为：‘巴克斯’（Barkos）、‘贝姬’（Peggy）、‘公主’（Borias）、‘小春’（Netja Dark）、‘黄丽斯’（Blitz）、‘橙水晶’（Orange Stone）。最适宜在宁夏生长且开花性状比较好的是‘巴克斯’和‘贝姬’,可大规模推广种植,‘橙水晶’表现较差,不建议大面积栽培。     

保存8~33年的苹果试管苗增殖能力与端粒长度分析

为分析苹果试管种质端粒长度与繁殖能力、衰老的关系,探索端粒长度与苹果试管种质离体保存年限的关系,对保存多年的不同继代次数的3个苹果品种试管苗进行了表型、增殖能力以及端粒长度的研究。结果表明:保存了8~33年的‘富士’、保存8~27年的‘金冠’和保存8~25年的‘嘎拉’苹果茎尖试管苗继代增殖能力大部分没有变化,表型未发生明显变化;3个品种不同继代次数30 d苗龄试管苗叶片端粒长度均差异不显著;继代73代苗龄分别为10、30、50和90 d的试管苗叶片端粒长度变化因品种而异,‘富士’‘嘎拉’差异不显著,‘金冠’50 d苗龄的最长,90 d苗龄的最短;继代71代苗龄30 d的‘金冠’试管苗茎段端粒长度显著高于叶片,茎段和愈伤组织、叶片和愈伤组织之间差异不显著,‘嘎拉’表现为愈伤组织>叶片>茎段。苹果试管苗端粒长度变化与其增殖能力、表型及同一继代周期内衰老程度的变化相吻合。     

空气中微生物数量年度变化动态研究初报

两年试验结果表明,室内空气中细菌、真菌、放线菌数量在1～3月最低,4～7月逐月上升,8月、9月最高,10～12月下降,12月菌数接近1～3月菌数。室外空气中细菌、真菌、放线菌数量多于室内,其变化趋势与室内大致相似。     

树盘铺反光膜降低枇杷果实酸度

以15年生‘解放钟’枇杷为材料,研究了树盘铺反光膜对枇杷果实生长发育过程中果肉可滴定酸（TA）、有机酸含量与酸代谢酶活性及成熟果肉可溶性固形物（TSS）含量的影响。铺反光膜处理可显著提高成熟果肉TSS含量,降低TA。铺反光膜处理,在果实发育前期果肉TA和苹果酸含量比对照上升快,且高于对照;在果实发育后期比对照下降快,成熟果肉均比对照低。苹果酸是决定成熟果肉酸度的主要有机酸,铺反光膜处理下成熟枇杷果肉酸度下降主要是苹果酸含量下降所致。在果实发育前期,铺反光膜处理果肉磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（PEPC）和NAD–苹果酸脱氢酶（NAD-MDH）活性增加的速度和NADP–苹果酸酶（NADP-ME）活性下降的速度均比对照快,处理果肉有较高的PEPC和NAD-MDH活性及较低的NADP-ME活性;在果实发育后期,处理果肉的PEPC和NAD-MDH活性下降的速度及NADP-ME上升的速度均比对照快,处理果肉有较低的PEPC和NAD-MDH活性及较高的NADP- ME活性。铺反光膜处理下成熟果肉苹果酸含量下降可能是苹果酸合成减少和降解增加所致。     

Fibrinolytic activity and its mechanisms in various leukemic cell lines

AIM:To study the relation between expression of uPAR and annexinⅡ and fibrinolytic activity in various leukemic cell lines. METHODS:The plasma activity was measured under the reaction between cells of NB4, SHI-1, K562, Jurkat, Raji and plaminogen by chromogenic assay. The protein expressions of uPAR and annexinⅡin cells of NB4, SHI-1, K562, Jurkat, Raji were detected by flow cytometry method. The mRNA expressions of uPAR and annexinⅡin cells of NB4, SHI-1, K562, Jurkat, Raji were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS:The plasma activity in SHI-1 cells and NB4 cells were higher obviously than that in Raji, K562 and Jurkat cells. The protein expression ratio of uPAR and annexinⅡ in NB4 cells were (13.15±1.61)% and (95.97±1.19)%， respectively, they were (99.00±0.26)%, (90.35±2.15)% respectively in SHI-1 cells, and they were lower in K562, Jurkat, Raji cells. The expression of annexinⅡ mRNA in NB4 cells was higher than that in SHI-1 cells, and they were undectectable in K562 and Jurkat cells. The expression of uPAR mRNA in NB4 and SHI-1 cells were higher than that in Jurkat and K562 cells. The expression of uPAR mRNA in Raji cells was undectectable. CONCLUSION:The primary hyperfibrinolysis in leucocythemia cells was observed, and relation was closely with the expression of annexinⅡ. It might be the main reason for bleeding and disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia and acute monocytic leukemia.     

Relationship between the tissue neutral endopeptidase and the adrenomedullin in blood and tissues of rats with septic shock

AIM: The activity and expression of neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and the adrenomedullin (ADM) contents in various tissues were observed in septic shock and control rats to study the possible role of NEP in the change of ADM contents in tissues during septic shock. METHODS: The septic shock model of rats were established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). ADM contents, NEP activities, level of NEP mRNA and NEP protein were measured. RESULTS: (1) In early septic shock (ES), the ADM contents were generally higher in detected tissues, the NEP activity in left ventricle and small intestine were lower and was higher in blood than those in controls, and in lung, kidney and aorta were similar with the controls. NEP immunoreactive staining were less in lung, left ventricle, endothelium and media of aorta, but more in adventitia of aorta and kidney than those of the controls; (2) In late septic shock (LS), the ADM contents in small intestine was less but in plasma and other tissues were higher, and the NEP activity were less in plasma and other tissues than those in ES. The NEP immunoreactive staining were less in heart, endothelium and media of aorta, lung and kidney than those in ES, and was no significant change in adventitia of aorta compared with those of ES. RT-PCR found that NEP gene expression were significantly less in left ventricle, aortas, lung and small intestine than those in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: In septic shock rats, the NEP activity changes heterogeneously but the ADM contents elevate in most tissues. These results indicate that during the septic shock, the local concentrations and actions of ADM in various tissues may be regulated differently by the NEP.     

山葡萄种质资源原花青素分布及其含量动态变化

采用香草醛-HPLC结合法对39份山葡萄种质资源及"贝达"的种子、果皮中原花青素含量进行测定,比较了山葡萄种质资源间原花青素含量和分布的特点与差异,并对其中4个山葡萄品种"双优"、"双红"、"双丰"和"双庆"的叶片、茎皮、果皮和种子原花青素动态含量进行测定,分析了原花青素在山葡萄各器官中的变化规律。结果表明:山葡萄种质资源原花青素含量存在较大变异,成熟果实种子与果皮原花青素含量变化幅度较大,变化范围分别为0.42～8.00mg/gFW和1.2～14.7mg/g FW;野生资源与选育品种间、不同花性种质间、不同地域种质间原花青素含量差异均不显著;果皮中原花青素含量高于种子,且差异显著;4个山葡萄品种不同器官原花青素含量动态变化与欧亚种酿酒葡萄存在明显差异,叶片原花青素含量在青果期升高,转色期下降,成熟期小幅度升高;茎皮原花青素含量在青果期升高,转色期、成熟期下降;果皮中原花青素含量在青果期,转色期缓慢升高,成熟期迅速升高;种子原花青素含量在青果期、转色期升高,成熟期下降。     

苹果树冠不同部位采样对果品品质分析的影响

苹果树体高大,给果实采样、分析带来不便。为了便于比较及准确分析果实品质,在陕西渭北高原以乔化、南北行向的"红富士"苹果树为对象,采集树冠不同部位的果实,测定、分析果实品质,以确立分析果实品质时的合理采样部位。结果表明:苹果树冠不同部位的果形指数、着色指数、光洁指数、果皮花青苷含量、硬度、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、维生素C含量均为树冠上部的较高,下部的较低,外围的较高,内膛的较低;单果质量、果锈指数、果皮叶绿素含量、可滴定酸含量为树冠上部的较低,下部的较高,外围的较低,内膛的较高;相同高度的树冠外围东、南、西、北侧的果实品质之间无显著差异。树冠外围中部、下部的果实品质平均值接近于树冠不同部位品质的平均值。树冠外围中下部可作为分析苹果品质的采样部位。     

蚯蚓对苹果园土壤生物学特性及幼树生长的影响

 以果园褐土、潮土和棕壤以及2年生红富士苹果(Malus domestica Borkh. ) 幼树为试材, 在盆栽条件下, 通过向盆土埋放蚯蚓, 研究蚯蚓对土壤酶、土壤微生物量碳和氮以及苹果根系和新梢生长的影响。结果表明, 引入蚯蚓后, 3类土壤中脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性以及微生物量氮均显著提高, 其中棕壤脲酶活性提高78.9% , 潮土碱性磷酸酶活性提高170.0% , 棕壤微生物量氮提高180.4%。蚯蚓处理也显著提高褐土和潮土微生物量碳, 其中潮土微生物量碳提高幅度最大, 达299.2%。3类土壤经蚯蚓处理后, 苹果幼树根系活力、根系和新梢生长量均显著提高, 其中, 棕壤中的幼树根系活力最高, 褐土中的幼树根系生长量最大, 潮土中的幼树新梢生长量最大。     

Effect of L-arginine liposome on L-arginine transport of pulmonary artery in rats chronically exposed to hypoxia-hypercapnia

AIM: To investigate the effect of chronic hypoxia-hypercapnia and L-arginine (L-Arg) liposome on L-Arg transport in rats pulmonary artery. METHODS: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, normal control group (NC), chronic hypoxia-hypercapnia group (HH), chronic hypoxia- hypercapnia group+L-Arg (HL) and chronic hypoxia-hypercapnia group+L-Arg liposome (HP). Changes in pulmonary artery L-Arg transport and pulmonary arterial microscopy were observed. RESULTS: (1) The mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and weight ratio of right ventricle to left ventricle and septum (RV/LV+S) in HH group were higher than those in NC group, and in HP group was lower than that in HH group and HL group, but there was no significant difference between HL group and HH group; (2) At 0.005 mmol/L, 0.01mmol/L, 0.02mmol/L, 0.05 mmol/L, 0.1 mmol/L and 0.2mmol/L concentration of L-Arg, the velocity of L-Arg transport in HH group was lower than that in NC group, and in HL group higher than in HH group, and in HP group was much higher than that in HH group and in HL group. (3) Light microscopy showed that vessel well area/total area (WA/TA) and media thickness of pulmonary arterioles (PAMT) were much higher in rats of HH group than those in NC group, WA/TA and PAMT in HP group were obviously improved. CONCLUSION: The above results indicated that there existed a functional disturbance in L-Arg transport of pulmonary artery in rats chronically exposed to hypoxia-hypercapnia, and it was obviously enhanced when liposome was used as L-Arg carrier. Thus, it appears that liposome-L-Arg may have clinical perspective in the treatment of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.     

我国主要草坪草种质资源研究进展

 我国野生草坪草资源十分丰富, 现已利用的草坪植物中, 暖季型草坪草中的狗牙根属(Cynodon Rich. ) 资源普遍分布于黄河以南各地, 在新疆亦有广泛分布; 结缕草属( Zoysia Willd) 资源集中分布于华东及东部沿海地区; 假俭草属( Eremochloa Buse) 资源主要分布于中部以南地区。冷季型草坪草中的早熟禾属( Poa L. ) 植物以西南、东北地区较多; 翦股颖属植物(Agrostis L. ) 在贵州、云南等地蕴藏的种类较多; 羊茅属( Festuca L. ) 植物产于西南、西北、东北地区, 尤以西南分布最多。我国复杂多样的气候、地形、土壤等使我国野生草坪草资源拥有丰富的生态类型和遗传变异特性。本文以评述我国主要草坪草种质资源研究进展为基础, 针对性地提出了草坪草种质资源的研究和利用对策。