湖南脊椎动物寄生虫名录（连载五）

线形动物门（Ｎｅｍａｔｈｌｍｉｎｔｈｅｓ）线虫纲（Ｎｅｍａｔｏｄｅ）８小杆目（Ｒｈａｂｄｉａｓｉｄｅａ）８．１棒线科ＲｈａｂｄｉａｓｉｄａｅＲａｉｌｌｉｅｔ，１９１５８．１．１棒线属ＲｈａｂｄｉｕｓＳｔｉｌｅｓｅｔＨａｓｓａｌｌ，１９０５８．１．１．１双冠棒线虫Ｒ．ｂｉｃｏｒｎｉｓＬｕ，１９３４宿主与寄生部位：大蟾蜍、肺８．２小杆科ＲｈａｂｄｉａｓｉｄａｅＲａｉｌｌｉｅｔ，１９１５８．２．１同杆线虫属ＲｈａｂｄｉｔｅｌｌａＣｏｂｂ，１９２９８．２．１．１艾氏同杆线虫Ｒ．ａｘｅｉ（Ｃｏｂｏｏｌｄ，…     

玉米芯混菌两步发酵生产单细胞蛋白及高蛋白饲料

１材料与方法１．１菌种康宁木霉（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａ　ｋｏｎｉｎｇｉｉ）、黑曲霉（Ａｓｐｓｒｇｉｌｌｕｓｎｉｇｅｒ　Ｎｏ．０１）和ＣａｎｄｉｄａｂｏｉｄｉｎｉｉＮｏ．２２０１诱变菌株Ｙ－１０８，均由四川大学生化室提供。１．２玉米芯粉玉米芯自然晾干，粉碎过２０目筛。１．３种子培养基察氏培养基，土豆培养基，Ｙ－１０８种子培养基：ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０．１ｇ、Ｋ２ＨＰＯ４０．１ｇ、Ｍｇ－ＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ０．０５ｇ、玉米浆６ｍＬ、甲醇１ｍＬ、水解液９３ｍＬ，用ＮａＯＨ溶液调至ｐＨ５．４。１．４试验方法将玉米芯…     

禽大肠杆菌DNA旋转酶活性改变与其对氟喹诺酮类药物耐药性的关系研究

用亚ＭＩＣ（药物最低抑菌浓度）连续递增式传代培养法获得了禽大肠杆菌（血清型为Ｏ１、Ｏ２、Ｏ７８）对氟喹诺酮类药物（ＦＱｓ）—诺氟沙星（ＮＦＬＸ）、依诺沙星（ＥＮＸ）、环丙沙星（ＣＰＬＸ）稳定的高度耐药菌株（ＭＩＣ提高≥１２８倍）,通过对耐药菌株和敏感菌株ＤＮＡ旋转酶的分离、提取及活性检测,并进行统计学分析比较,研究ＤＮＡ旋转酶活性改变与细菌耐药的关系,结果表明：禽大肠杆菌对氟喹诺酮类药物产生耐药的一个重要因素为其ＤＮＡ旋转酶的活性改变。     

内毒素对山羊红细胞膜ATPase活性的影响及654—2的保护效应

通过静脉注射的方法研究了大肠杆菌仙毒素对山羊红细胞膜损伤的膜泵分子活性的变化及６５４－２（山莨菪碱）的保护效应。结果表明,ＥＴ处理组在１ｈ,３ｈ红细胞膜Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ（腺苷三磷酸酶,简称ＡＴＰ酶）,Ｃａ＾２＋,Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性均高于对照组,５ｈ有下降趋势并一直持续到９ｈ。     

犬瘟热病毒野毒株融合蛋白主要功能区基因的变异研究

根据犬瘟热病毒（ＣＤＶ）融合蛋白（Ｆ）基因的核苷酸序列，设计合成了１０条引物。用１对引物从延吉犬病料中扩增出了含Ｆ２区基因的３１４ｂｐ的片段。除两端引物序列外为２６５ｂｐ，编码８８个氨基酸。它与日本弱毒株（ＣＤＶ－Ｄ，Ｏｏｄｅｒｓｔｅｐｏｏｒｔ弱毒株（ＣＤＶ－ＯＮ）、海豹瘟热病毒２型（ＰＤＶ２）、１型（ＰＤＶ１）在核苷酸和氨基酸水平上的同源性，分别为９８．１％和９５．５％、９６．２％和９３．２％和     

兔抗禽源大肠埃希氏菌O78—g分离株微孔蛋白抗体的制备与检测

微孔蛋白是禽源大肠埃希氏菌的致病因子和保护性抗原。本文用电洗脱法获得禽源大肠地面氏菌Ｏ７８－ｇ分离株的两种微孔蛋白（ｐｏｒｉｎｌ和ｐｒｏｉｎ２）以皮内多点法免疫家兔，４周后强免疫一次，采血测得ＥＬＩＳＡ效价分别达１：１２８００和１：６４００。在琼扩反应中ｐｏｒｉｎ２免疫兔血清与变性的外膜蛋白（ＯＭＰｓ）间出现了沉淀线，琼扩效价为１：２，该血清与未变性的ＯＭＰｓ间无反应；ｐｏｒｉｎｌ免疫兔血清与任一     

肾型传染性支气管炎病毒理化特性的鉴定

气管环组织培养（ＴＯＣ）是用于传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）分离、鉴定和血清学检查的有效方法〔１〕。Ｊｏｈｎｓｏｎ（１９７５）应用ＴＯＣ中和试验将分离的ＩＢＶ分为１０个血清型〔２〕;吕化广（１９８９）采用ＴＯＣ、鸡胚接种增殖和血清学鉴定的联合方法诊断Ｉ...     

盐类对丝素溶解效应的研究

用０．５％Ｎａ２ＣＯ３溶液对茧层进行不同时间的脱胶试验,结果表明：０．５％Ｎａ２ＣＯ３溶液煮沸１ｈ对茧丝脱胶效果较好,可达２７．２％;将脱胶后的丝素烘干,用ＣａＣＩ２、ＭｇＣＩ２、ＺｎＣＩ２三种不同的氯化物控制在６０℃、８０℃和１００℃不同的恒温下,每种药品均配成３０％、４０％、５０％、６０％四种不同浓度分别处理０．５ｈ、１ｈ、１．５ｈ,经分析比较得知ＺｎＣＩ２对丝素溶解性能最好,其次为ＣａＣＩ２     

绵羊进行性肺炎病毒实验感染引起新疆美利奴羊的淋巴细胞性滑膜炎

绵羊慢病毒（ｏｖｉｎｅｌｅｎｔｉｖｉｒｕｓ,ＯｖＬＶ）根据其体外培养的ＣＰＥ和蛋白质与核酸分析可分为３型［１,２］。１型为溶解型,使胎羊脉络丛（ＦＯＣ）细胞或山羊滑膜细胞（ＧＳＭＣ）单层的成纤维细胞形成众多的合胞体的特征性ＣＰＥ,最终细胞溶解,属于这一型的有梅迪维思纳病（ｍｅｄｉｖｖｉｓｎａｖｉｒｕｓ,ＭＶＶ）或ＯｖＬＶ冰岛株以及绵羊进行性肺炎病毒（ｏｖｉｎｅｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｖｅｐｎｅｕｍｏｎｉａｖｉｒｕｓ,ＯＰＰＶ）或ＯｖＬＶ美国株。２型为不溶解型或持久感染型,即持久感染细胞培养,但不溶…     

禽病原性大肠杆菌6种血清型分离株外膜蛋白型的研究

从病鸡中分离的６ 种血清型（ Ｏ２、 Ｏ４６、 Ｏ１８、 Ｏ１２１、 Ｏ７６、 Ｏ１３１）及５ 种标准血清型（ Ｏ１、 Ｏ１５、 Ｏ３５、 Ｏ３６、 Ｏ７８）大肠杆菌中提取外膜蛋白（ Ｏｕｔｅｒ ｍ ｅｍ ｂｒａｎｅ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ），经 Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ－ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ 分析表明，分离株 Ｏ７６、 Ｏ１３１及标准株 Ｏ１、 Ｏ３５的外膜蛋白型由２ 条带组成，为 Ｏ Ｍ Ｐ－ １ 型；分离株 Ｏ２、 Ｏ４６、 Ｏ１８、 Ｏ１２１和标准株 Ｏ１５、 Ｏ３６、 Ｏ７８的外膜蛋白型由３ 条带组成，为 Ｏ Ｍ Ｐ－ ２ 型，结果表明，不同血清型菌株之间有相同的 Ｏ Ｍ Ｐ型。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …