青海省国际野生动物狩猎业

野生动物狩猎业是古代人类从事的一项活动,亦是现代人类与野生动物资源保护和合理利用活动的一种形式。其根本目的是为了实现保护、利用、发展的良性循环,以促进保护事业的发展。青海的国际狩猎是在经济改革初期发展的一项涉外狩猎活动。十多年来,它不仅为青海合理利用丰富的野生动物资源开辟了一条有效途径,     

由媒体对野生动物狩猎权拍卖批评引发的思考

中国首次对野生动物狩猎权进行拍卖引起了社会各界的强烈反响。就媒体的批评,提出一些观点,公众对狩猎权拍卖引发的争论确实体现了民众对野生动物保护意识的增强,这无疑会有利于我国今后野生动物保护事业的顺利发展。但从中也应看到,一些民众片面强调绝对保护的观点存在一定误区。事实上,合理、适度地利用野生动物资源,不仅不会破坏野生动物种群的增长,相反会有利于野生动物保护。     

世界狩猎业概况

近年来,世界狩猎业发展迅速,各国成立了不同的部门来管理狩猎业。非洲的狩猎业极其发达,狩猎收入在开展狩猎的国家GDP中均占有一定份额,也是野生动物保护资金的主要来源;欧洲的运动狩猎不仅是重要娱乐活动,也被视为文化的传承,其狩猎制度非常完善;美国的狩猎是一项全民化的大众娱乐活动,美国渔和野生动物管理局每5a进行一次全国性的渔猎大调查,以便掌握钓鱼、狩猎及野生动物相关娱乐活动的翔实数据;澳大利亚有着狩猎的传统,当地土著一直就以狩猎作为重要生产方式,现今澳大利亚北部仍旧保留这项传统。而运动狩猎在澳大利亚经过20多年发展,已摸索出其特有的可持续狩猎模式。     

黑龙江省野生动物保护执法和资源调查工作汇报会在哈尔滨市召开

为全面了解黑龙江省野生动物资源保护执法情况和调查工作进展情况,抓好全省野生动物管理工作以及今冬明春野生动物资源外业调查工作,1997年10月29日,黑龙江省林业厅在哈尔滨市召开了野生动物保护执法和资源调查工作汇报会。会议听取了各地学习、宣传和贯彻执行《黑龙江省野生动物保护条例》,狩猎生产、驯养繁殖、经营利用和运输管理工作的汇报;奖励了在野生动物资源调查中表现突出的地市讨论了与《黑龙江省野生动物保护条例》相配套的野生动物运输、经营、收费等三项规定（初稿）;部署了今冬明春野生动物保护管理和资源调查工作。参加…     

当前的狩猎管理问题

狩猎是指使用猎枪、猎具、鹰犬等猎捕各种野生动物的活动。狩猎是以野生动物为对象,野生动物的分布、数量直接影响着狩猎,而野生动物的数量、分布又受许多因素所制约。世界上对野生动物的影响最重要的因素是人,人类对野生动物的影响,有直接和间接的两个方面,直接的影响有:1.使用猎枪、猎具直接猎捕野生动物。2.拾取鸟卵、掏窝捉仔影响鸟兽的繁殖。间的接影响有:1.破坏鸟兽栖居的环境,如采伐森林、开垦草原、减少水域面积等,使鸟兽栖息环境减少。2.使用剧毒化学药剂防治农林业害虫,间接     

野生动物尸体的有效利用

野生动物尸体包括因被捕食、疾病、食物缺乏、气候恶劣等造成的自然死亡的动物；因撞击高大建筑物或高压电杆、或因车祸、鸟机相撞等意外事故而死亡的动物。有害鸟兽驱除和狩猎等人为致死的动物，以及救助治疗不及时或方法不当而致死的动物等。这些野生动物的尸体，如果利用得当，可从中获得宝贵的信息，但目前人们对此缺乏足够的认识，致使其中绝大部分连同携带的信息白白地丢失。许多国家的环境保护管理机构虽有关于野生动物的统计资料，也列出狩猎或有害驱除而捕杀或自然死亡的野生动物数量一览表，除了一小部分被有关学校或研究机构收集…     

试论野生动物业经济体制改革——野生动物业的出路在哪里?

本文所要谈的是以野生动物为劳动对象的,以驯养、狩猎为主,包括产品加工、流通及其行政管理在内的一种产业。如叫狩猎业,嫌有无视保护为重点的时代要求之意,如叫野生动物事业则有物质生产性产业与社会公益性事业不分之嫌。故此,暂且叫做野生动物业。     

中国西部地区野生动物可持续发展问题研究

中国一半以上的自然保护区都集中在我国的西部地区。但是由于目前我国的西部地区经济相对比较落后,人们文化素质偏低,造成了狩猎严重,为了加快经济发展,过度开发等状况的出现,给自然保护区和野生动物资源的保护带来了极大的压力。因此要实现野生动物的可持续发展,必须将经济利益与生态效益相结合,采取多渠道保护野生动物的发展战略。     

塔吉克斯坦野生动物保护管理与利用现状

塔吉克斯坦与中国西部接壤,在生物多样性和地理环境方面与中国西部有一定的相似性.本文对塔吉克斯坦生物多样性现状、野生动物保护管理和利用状况,包括自然保护区、濒危动物保护、狩猎与捕捞管理等进行全面的介绍.一方面建议塔吉克斯坦以旗舰种为中心做好野生动物生境管理与保护,通过人工辅助驯养繁殖及放归野外促进种群增长和恢复;另一方面,中国和塔吉克斯坦两国动物资源之间具有一定的互补性,某些在塔吉克斯坦极度濒危的动物在新疆种群数量众多,而一些在新疆极度濒危的物种在塔吉克斯坦分布广泛,因此可以开展物种互换和再引入的合作.本文为下一步开展两国之间野生动物保护管理和开发利用的合作研究,特别是跨国界保护区的管理提出建议,供相关部门参考.     

中华人民共和国猎枪弹具管理办法

中华人民共和国猎枪弹具管理办法第一章总则第一条为加强猎枪弹具管理，保护野生动物资源，维护社会治安，根据《中华人民共和国野生动物保护法》和《中华人民共和国枪支管理办法》，制定本办法。第二条本办法所称猎枪弹具，是指无膛线枪、火药枪、注射枪、为狩猎制造的有...     

The Applicability of Wildlife Value Orientations Scales to a Muslim Student Sample in Malaysia

This article addresses the applicability of quantitative wildlife value orientation scales in Muslim students in Malaysia. As Malaysian culture is deeply influenced by Islam ideology, this article presents a case for addressing the cross-cultural applicability of the scales. The current wildlife value orientation scales were reliable—all Cronbach’s alphas ≥ .65—and had predictive validity—8 to 14% of variance of acceptability of lethal control was explained. Yet, both reliability and predictive validity were of lesser magnitude than figures in previous Western studies. Especially the hunting beliefs scale did not reflect basic thinking about wildlife in our sample, and our data suggest two different hunting dimensions—consequences of hunting for wildlife and human opportunities for hunting. For future cross-cultural comparisons of wildlife value orientations, amendment of the scales to better reflect salient beliefs in non-Western nations is recommended.     

河北小五台国际狩猎场鸟兽资源调查与评价

为加强野生动物及其生境的基础保护工作,对狩猎资源动态进行有效的监管,2016年5月对拟建的河北小五台国际狩猎场野生动物资源进行首次本底调查。根据本次实地调查结果,共记录狩猎场鸟类和兽类物种104种,隶属16目43科。小五台国际狩猎场动物区系以古北界居相对优势,种类有65种,占该区域内鸟兽物种种数的62. 50%;广布种有26种;东洋界物种最少,仅有13种。留鸟和夏候鸟占绝大多数,分别为44. 71%和35. 29%。鸟类群落结构丰富,以鸣禽为主,非雀形目鸟类物种占29. 41%,雀形目鸟类占70. 59%。猎场境内森林植被茂密,生境复杂多样,狩猎资源充足,狩猎动物主要为西伯利亚狍(Capreolus pygargus)、野猪(Sus scrofa)、雉鸡(Phasianus colchicus)等。建议猎场在对野生动物有效保护的基础上,合理制定狩猎方案,与周边村落共同开发合作项目,积极推进当地狩猎业发展。     

从猎杀到保护:美国历史上的野生动物

征服自然的思想在美国一直占主流,自然资源的开发是美国繁荣的基础。野生动物的猎杀是美国历史中的重要一幕,并产生了深远的影响。19世纪末20世纪初出现的动物保护活动是对滥杀动物所造成的恶果的反省,此后,社会对野生动物的态度有所转变,但动物保护仍面临严峻挑战。本文介绍美国历史中野生动物被猎杀的过程,提出一些值得思考的问题,如美国野生动物保护的局限性、野生动物猎杀与工厂化动物饲养的关系,以及伦理学在动物保护中的重要性。     

How Wildlife Management Agencies and Hunting Organizations Frame Ethical Hunting in the United States

Given that many wildlife management agencies consider hunting to be central to wildlife conservation, a growing body of research describes ethical hunting using characterization framing (created by outsiders). This article describes an identity frame (created by insiders) of ethical hunting in the United States, based on analysis of hunter education manuals and official statements of hunting nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Similar themes permeated texts from both sources (e.g., obeying law, fair chase). NGOs, however, placed significantly more emphasis on being skilled (15% vs. 6%) and being motivated by experiencing nature (10% vs. 2%), whereas government agencies placed significantly more emphasis on respecting landowners (28% vs. 15%). Agencies may frame ethical hunting as more socially interdependent and rule abiding because they perceive a need to prioritize government authority (law) and property owner interests. These findings highlight a need for identity frames focusing on how hunting impacts biodiversity and humane treatment of animals.     

滇西边境地区涉案野生动物资源调查研究

云南省西部的怒江州、保山市和德宏州1 121 km的边境地区,是重要的国际大通道＂史迪威公路＂的入境点,也是非法贸易野生动物及其制品的主要入境点之一,更是打击走私、非法收购、运输、出售野生动物及其制品的主战场之一。调查研究了该边境地区2005～2011年期间的涉案野生动物资源情况（不包含保密案件）,共统计168起案例,涉及64个物种、累计野生动物资源犯罪案例382次。研究表明：（1）高消费的市场需求,刺激着破坏野生动物资源的犯罪活动;（2）营集群生活、逃跑缓慢的动物更容易受到大量的猎捕;（3）国家Ⅱ级保护野生动物的涉案频率高于其他物种。（4）滇西边境地区涉野生动物资源犯罪正向高利润、集团化、网络化发展,且具有隐蔽性、反侦查的梯队＂接力＂等规律特点。进而,提出了加强专业技术培训,增强森警战斗力,多警种联合作战,争取境外警方协作等保护对策。     

Wildlife Conservation on the Rangelands of Eastern and Southern Africa: Past,Present, and Future

Our objective was to assess the status of the large native rangeland mammals in the eastern and southern African countries focusing on conservation strategies that will benefit the animals, their rangeland habitats, and the people who live in this region. Eastern and southern African rangelands are renowned for supporting a globally unique diversity and abundance of large mammals. This wildlife legacy is threatened by changing demographics, increased poaching, habitat fragmentation, and global warming, but there are reasons for optimism. After sharp declines from 1970 to 1990 across Africa, wildlife populations in some countries have subsequently increased due to incentives involving sport hunting and ecotourism. National parks and protected areas, which have been critically important in maintaining African wildlife populations, are being increased and better protected. Over the past 50 years, the number of parks has been doubled and the areas of several parks have been expanded. The major problem is that no more than 20% of the national parks and reserves set aside for wildlife are adequately protected from poaching. The southern African countries where wildlife has recently thrived have robust hunting and ecotourism programs, which economically benefit private landowners. Considerable research shows rural communities dependent on rangelands can be incentivized to participate in large mammal conservation programs if they can economically benefit from wildlife tourism, sport hunting, and the legal sale of animal by-products. Community-based wildlife conservation programs can be economically and ecologically effective in sustaining and enhancing African wildlife biodiversity, including rhinos, elephants, and lions. Low-input ranching wild ungulates for meat and hunting may be an economically viable alternative to traditional range livestock production systems in some areas. However, in many situations, common-use grazing of livestock and wildlife will give the most efficient use of rangeland forages and landscapes while diversifying income and lowering risk.     

The impact of modernization on hunting ethics: Emerging taboos among contemporary Swedish hunters

This study examines how processes of modernization affect hunting ethics, including commodification, cosmopolitanism, demographic shifts, technological innovation, and invasive species. The impact of such change processes has been documented in indigenous hunting societies, but not in postindustrial Western hunting communities. Instead, wildlife ethics are often seen as a private matter or a static inheritance from past generations, and not as researchable from a perspective of change. The underexposure of research on ethics in this context is explained as taking place within a framework of ethical subjectivism to the detriment of opening up ethics to a needed conversation as the context for hunting changes in modernity. This study uncovers the hunting ethics of contemporary Swedish hunters in response to modernization and reveals new lines of moral demarcation and emerging taboos for right and wrong hunting. It concludes by considering the virtue of hunting taboos for wildlife conservation.     

Understanding Peer Influence in Hunter Harvest Decisions Using Social Network Theory and Analysis

State wildlife agencies are increasingly seeking the advice and cooperation of wildlife stakeholders, including that of private hunting cooperatives. While there is some evidence that the interests and actions of private deer cooperatives align with those of state wildlife agencies, little is known about the internal social mechanisms that explain this. Social network theory and analysis can shed some light on these internal group dynamics. This article used egocentric network analysis to examine the effect of peer groups on the antlerless harvest decisions of individuals in private deer cooperatives. Our primary result was that the members of one’s egocentric network influence the harvest behavior of that individual, providing some evidence for the potential of social network theory and analysis to understand and improve on the strategies used to address a variety of resource-related problems in wildlife management and conservation.