海水网箱养殖高体Shi弧菌病致病菌研究

从患病高体Ｓｈｉ病灶上分离到７株可疑致病菌，人工感染试验证明，菌株９５－５－３和９５－５－５为强毒菌株，这２株菌进行人工感染，死亡率均为１００％，症状与自然发病相似。这２株菌的特征一致，根据形态有主生理生化特征，应归入哈维氏弧菌。药敏实验的结果表明，磺胺类药物和先锋必素对致病菌有较强的抑制作用。     

海水网箱养殖大黄鱼弧菌病的流行病学研究

2000年5月～2003年11月,采用实地调查、取样及从各县水产技术推广站获取流行病学资料等方法,跟踪调查了浙江省沿海12个海水网箱养殖场大黄鱼弧菌病的发病情况,并对患病濒死大黄鱼进行了病原菌的分离及病理学观察。研究结果表明:该病发病率高、发病范围广,流行时间为6～10月份,7～8月份为高峰期,一般死亡率为30%～40%,最高可达80%以上。主要病原为溶藻弧菌(Vibrioalginolyticus)和哈氏弧菌(V harveyi),可引起大黄鱼肝、肾、脾等组织严重病变。发病原因主要是由于养殖密度过高、养殖环境条件恶化,夏季高温使得弧菌大量繁殖,在鱼体由于各种原因造成损伤时,诱发了疾病的爆发。     

海水网箱养殖高体鰤弧菌病病理学研究

高体鰤(Ｓｅｒｉｏｌａｄｕｍｅｒｉｌｉ)弧菌病是流行于广东、海南等沿海地区高体鰤网箱养殖场的一种由弧菌属细菌引起的传染病,每年春夏之交、秋季发病达高峰,严重发病时死亡率可达90%以上,危害十分严重。我们在调查了其流行规律、明确其致病菌是哈维氏弧菌(Ｖｉｂｒｉｏｈａｒｖｅｙｉ)[吴后波和潘金培1997]的基础上,为了全面查明其发病机理,找到更加有效的防治方法,对其血液病理及组织病理进行了研究。1　材料与方法　　试验用鱼:健康鱼取自广东省深圳市南澳镇东山村海水网箱养殖场,平均体重45ｇ,体长14ｃｍ,病鱼由健康鱼经致病菌人工感…     

海水网箱养殖欧洲鳗技术研究

由于日本鳗苗供不应求，苗价不断上涨。近年来，全国各地又开始养殖欧洲鳗．但多在淡水水域养殖。有些养鳗场户虽引进欧洲鳗苗进行试养，但仍照搬日本鳗的养殖方法．故效果往往不甚理想。为了搞好欧洲鳗养殖，推广海水网箱养殖欧洲鳗。福建省平潭县裕胜水产养殖场，于1995年7月7日首先在海水网箱投放欧洲鳗苗种1500尾．经精心喂养和科学管理，至1996年4月15日经有关部门验收．平均个体重250．70克，成活率达85％以上，达商品鳗规格．使该县首次海水网箱养殖欧洲鳗获得成功。其优点表现在发病率低，成活率高，能安全度过酷暑．经济效益甚佳。…     

花鲈弧菌病病原菌（哈维氏弧菌）的分离与鉴定

1999年4－5月，山东省青岛市胶南海区网箱养殖场花鲈（Lateolabrax japonicus)幼鱼发生暴发性传染病，死亡率达50％。从具有明显症状的病鱼的病灶组织分离到1株优势菌SF－1，经人工感染和从人工感染发病的花鲈再分离的SF－3菌株的再感染试验结果表明，所分离的菌株为此次花钙烂层病的致病菌，经形态、生理生化等64项特征指标鉴定，SF－1和SF－3均为哈维氏弧菌（Vibrio harveyi)。药敏试验结果表明，头孢噻肟，头孢三嗪，头孢孟多，呋喃妥因，氯霉素,氧哌嗪青霉素，磺胺类，复方磺胺、三甲氧苄氨嘧啶，多粘菌素E等10种药物对该菌株有明显的抑制作用。     

海水养殖鱼类弧菌病的防治技术

1症状 弧菌病的典型症状是体表形成溃疡。因此。又称为细菌性溃疡病。其症状随病鱼种类的不同而有所差异，较为共同的症状是：发病初期体表部分褪色。随后充血或出血(其中鳍基部和鳍膜最为明显)，鳞片脱落，形成溃疡；有的肛门红肿，眼球突出。眼内出血或眼球变白混浊。患病牙鲆肠道白浊。腹部膨胀。解剖病鱼，肝、脾、肾等内脏充血、肿大；肠道发炎、充血。肠粘膜组织腐烂脱落，肠内有黄色粘液。     

弧菌属细菌及其所致海水养殖动物疾病

弧菌病 (Ｖｉｂｒｉｏｓｉｓ)是由弧菌属细菌 (Ｖｉｂｒｉｏｓｐｐ .)引起的一类细菌性疾病 ,该病在全球范围内广泛发生 ,其暴发性流行不仅给海水养殖鱼类、贝类及甲壳类等经济动物的养殖业造成巨大的经济损失 ,还导致野生的海水鱼类、贝类及甲壳类大量死亡 ,因此 ,对该类疾病的研究一直备受国内外研究工作者的关注 ,是海水养殖动物病害的主要研究领域之一。本文主要介绍病原弧菌所致养殖动物疾病及其流行情况。收稿日期 :2 0 0 0 -0 6-0 5基金项目 :中国科学院九五重点项目资助 (ＫＺ95 2 Ｓ1 415号 )作者简介 :吴后波 ( 1967-) ,男 ,中国…     

海水养殖鱼类弧菌病的研究进展

综述了由鳗弧菌、溶藻弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、灿烂弧菌等弧菌引起的海水养殖鱼类弧菌病的典型症状、病原学、病理、检测技术以及防治等方面的研究进展。笔者对弧菌病的防治方法提出了一些有益的见解,另外对弧菌病的研究方向也进行了探讨和展望。     

海水网箱养殖鲈鱼技术

<正> 鲈鱼属于浅海内湾性鱼类,喜栖息于河口或淡水处,是一种重要的食用经济鱼类,它生长快、肉细、味美,营养价值高,是海水网箱养殖的优良品种。1994年,作者在温岭市乐清湾海区进行了网箱养殖鲈鱼探索,取得了一定的经济效益,现将其养殖技术简要介绍如下:     

高体鰤类结节病的病理组织学观察

实验使用组织病理学、活体压片和电镜技术,运用H.E常规染色法和美兰染色法对患有疑似类结节病的高体(鰤)进行病理组织学诊断和观察.结果显示,患病高体蛳肾脏和脾脏有大量白色小结节,直径大约1 mm;活体压片,观察到脾脏和肾脏中有散在短杆状细菌和大量呈团块状聚集的细菌结节;光学显微镜下,肾脏和脾脏有大量细菌聚集形成的嗜碱性结节,肾间质淤积的血液中也有大量细菌;透射电镜观察到肾脏和脾脏中有些巨噬细胞在吞噬细菌,有些菌体聚结成团形成结节,未见病毒颗粒.从病变组织中分离到两端极染的革兰氏阴性短杆菌,无鞭毛,长0.8～2.6 μm,宽约0.6～1.2μm.患病高体(鰤)器官主要组织病理学变化有肾小管上皮细胞变性坏死,肾间质淋巴细胞增生;脾淤血和淋巴细胞增生;肝细胞肿胀,脂肪变性.依组织病变、病原形态和特性,患病高体师为类结节病.     

深水网箱高体(鱼师)养殖试验报告

通过对均重1 225 g的大规格高体(鱼师)苗种进行252天的深水网箱养殖,高体(鱼师)的平均体重由1 225 g增至3 350 g, 共收成鱼5 521尾,养殖成活率92.02%,杂鱼饵料系数7.76。     

Encephalomyelitis associated with microsporidian infection in farmed greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili (Risso)

An outbreak of a disease characterized by a peculiar spiral movement in farmed greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili (Risso), occurred in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, in May 2008, immediately after importing the fish from China. Although neither bacteria nor viruses were detected in routine diagnostic tests, histopathological observations of the affected fish revealed severe inflammation in the tegmentum of the brain including the medulla oblongata and the anterior part of the spinal cord. In addition, a microsporidian parasite was observed in the nerve cell bodies or axons in the inflamed tissues. We identified a microsporidian small subunit rRNA gene (SSU rDNA) from the lesion, and the sequence showed 96.1% identity with that of Spraguea lophii. Subsequent in situ hybridization using probes presumably specific to the SSU rRNA confirmed that the parasite observed in histopathology harboured the identified SSU rRNA. Apparently degenerated microsporidian cells or spores were also frequently observed in tissue sections. Thus, the disease was most probably caused by the infection of a hitherto unknown microsporidian parasite that has a genetic affinity to the genus Spraguea, in the central nervous system of the amberjack.     

Induction of centrum defects in amberjack Seriola dumerili by exposure of embryos to hypoxia

ABSTRACT:   Artificially hatched Seriola species have the problem of malformation, mainly in their vertebrae, head, and mouth parts. To clarify the cause of vertebral malformation, the effects of hypoxia during embryogenesis on the induction of centrum defects was investigated in artificially hatched amberjack Seriola dumerili . Firstly, 7-somite stage embryos were exposed to waters of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100% dissolved oxygen (DO) for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h to confirm the effective dose (DO concentration and duration of exposure) of hypoxia that induces somitic disturbances in newly hatched larvae. Exposure of embryos to 12.5% DO concentration for longer than 0.5 h induced somitic disturbances. Following this result, centrum defects in juveniles were investigated by an induction experiment with embryos exposed to 12.5% DO for 2 h at the gastrula, 1- or 2-somite, 10-somite, 15-somite, or heart beating stage. This experiment revealed that centrum defects were induced only during somitogenesis, and somitic disturbances were the premonitory symptom of centrum defects. These results indicate hypoxia during somitogenesis as a possible cause of centrum defects in amberjack.     

The influence of dietary phospholipid level on the performances of juvenile amberjack, Seriola dumerili, fed non-fishmeal diets

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary phospholipid (PL) level on growth and feed intake of juvenile amberjack ( Seriola dumerili ) fed non-fishmeal (non-FM) diet containing alternative protein sources; soybean protein isolate, tuna muscle by-product powder and krill meal. Three non-FM diets were prepared to contain three levels (14, 37 and 54 g kg⁻¹ dry diet) of PL (soybean lecithin acetone insoluble, 886 g kg⁻¹) and growth performance was monitored in a 30-day growth trial by using 2.6 g of fish. The results indicated that final body weight, weight gain and feed intake significantly increased with increasing dietary PL level. At the highest dietary PL level (54 g kg⁻¹ dry diet), the fish consumed 14.8% and 10.2% as much feed as those fish fed diets containing 14 g kg⁻¹ dry diet and 37 g kg⁻¹ dry diet PL, respectively. An increasing tendency with increasing dietary PL level on feed efficiency was observed. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that dietary PL supplementation could increase feed intake, and improve the growth of juvenile S. dumerili fed non-FM diets. Therefore, purified PL might be a good candidate to stimulate the growth of fish through enhancing the feed intake when they are fed diets containing alternative protein sources.     

Effect of the protein/energy ratio on the growth of Mediterranean yellowtail (Seriola dumerili)

Yellowtails weighing 490 g were fed five experimental diets with different protein/energy ratios, 24.6, 26.9, 28.9, 31.8 and 35.8 g MJ⁻¹, for 152 days. The energy content was similar in all the diets and the protein and lipid levels were 40/26, 45/26, 50/18, 50/26 and 55/18 %CP/%CL respectively. The final weight and SGR were lower in fish fed diets with a lower PD/ED ratio (24.6 and 26.9 g MJ⁻¹), and the mortality of fish fed diet 24.6 g MJ⁻¹ was higher. In fact, only fish that consumed diet 35.8 g MJ⁻¹ had a haematocrit and a normal erythrocyte number similar to that in healthy yellowtail. No differences appeared in feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Digestible energy ingestion was similar for all the diets and digestible protein intake was also low for 24.6 compared with 35.8 g MJ⁻¹. The meat composition was similar for fish fed all the diets, but the profiles of muscle fatty acids indicated an increasing content of saturates and n-3 HUFA, while the levels of monounsaturates decreased, corresponding to an increase in the PD/ED relation. The economic conversion ratio and economic profit index were not different for fish fed the experimental diets.     

Utilization of soybean meal as an alternative protein source in the Mediterranean yellowtail, Seriola dumerili

The availability of defatted soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal was evaluated in juvenile (450 g on average) yellowtail fed diets containing several levels of soybean meal (from 20 to 50%). After 153 days, liveweight averages were 980, 925, 795 and 670 g for fish fed diets in which fish meal was partially substituted with 20, 30, 40 and 50% soybean meal, and feed conversion ratios were 2.79, 3.09, 4.57 and 6.52, respectively. Regression analysis showed a negative effect of inclusion of soybean, although fish fed diets containing 20% and 30% of soybean did not present statistical differences and grew significantly more, and had a better feed conversion ratio, than fish fed 40 or 50% diets. Likewise, muscle protein level was lower and lipid content was higher in fish fed 20 or 30% soybean. No differences were obtained for protein digestibility coefficients of experimental diets.     

3种养殖鰤鱼消化相关酶活性的比较分析

为深入了解鰤鱼的消化生理特性,测定并比较分析了3种鰤鱼[高体鰤(Seriola dumerili)、黄条鰤(Seriola lalandi)、五条鰤(Seriola quinqueradiata)]的消化系统(胃、幽门盲囊、前肠、中肠、后肠和肝脏)中5种消化相关酶(胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶、碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶)活性与组织分布特点。结果显示,3种鰤鱼中5种消化相关酶主要分布在幽门盲囊、肝脏和肠道中。3种鰤鱼胃组织中胃蛋白酶活性无差异。幽门盲囊中胰蛋白酶活性：黄条鰤>高体鰤>五条鰤(P<0.05),高体鰤肝脏组织中胰蛋白酶活性显著高于其他2种鰤鱼(P<0.05);胃、中肠、后肠组织中α-淀粉酶活性：五条鰤>黄条鰤>高体鰤(P<0.05),幽门盲囊、前肠组织中α-淀粉酶活性：黄条鰤>五条鰤>高体鰤(P<0.05);胃、幽门盲囊组织中脂肪酶活性：黄条鰤>五条鰤>高体鰤(P<0.05),前肠、后肠、肝脏中脂肪酶活性：五条鰤>黄条鰤>高体鰤(P<0.05);3种鰤鱼的酸、碱性磷酸酶活性组织分布趋势基本一致,其中,黄条鰤幽门盲囊组织中酸、碱性磷酸酶活性最高(P<0.05)。研究表明,3种鰤鱼消化相关酶活性的组织分布特点基本一致,幽门盲囊是5种酶作用的主要靶器官,除胰蛋白酶外,高体鰤其他4种酶活性均显著低于其他2种鰤鱼,黄条鰤幽门盲囊和肠道的5种酶活性显著偏高。结果可为揭示鰤属鱼类的消化生理特性、研制适宜鰤属鱼类消化特点和种特异性生长的高效专用配合饲料提供理论依据。     

海水养殖真鲷弧菌病病原菌外毒素的点酶法检测

弧菌病(vibriosis)是我国南方沿海地区养殖真鲷(Pagrus major)中经常发生的主要细菌性疾病,该病的暴发性流行给整个真鲷养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失。在明确其病原菌是最小弧菌(Vibrio mimicus)基础上,对该菌的致病机理进行了深入的研究,并取得了重要的进展。已经证明真鲷弧菌病真正的致病因子是最小弧菌在致病的过程中产生的一种外毒素,这种毒素是单一多肽,不具备典型的细菌毒素的A、B亚基结构,不耐热,具有溶血性、细胞毒性和动物致死性等多种生物学活性,该外毒素性质独特,是最小弧菌产生的一类新的毒力因子,作者将这种毒素命名为Vm - Pm毒素。为