“米良1号”等猕猴桃在湖北武汉的引种评价

2008年至2009年,湖北省农科院果树茶叶研究所引进了“米良1号、海沃德、秦美、华美1号、海艳”5个优良美味猕猴桃品种,采用“猕猴桃种质资源描述规范和数据标准”对其主要植物学性状和主要的果实性状进行观测,初步了评价这几个品种在湖北武汉的稳定性及其适应性。     

8个猕猴桃品种叶片矿质养分含量的生长期变化及其相关性

以8个猕猴桃品种（‘海沃德’、‘米良1号’、‘徐香’、‘金香’、‘哑特’、‘翠香’、‘农大金猕’、‘金魁’）为试材,连续两年分析猕猴桃叶片氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌、硼等10种元素含量的生长期变化特点及其相关性。结果表明,不同猕猴桃品种叶片养分含量差异显著。其中,‘海沃德’叶片氮、磷含量较高,钙、镁含量较低;‘米良1号’叶片氮、钙含量较高;‘翠香’叶片钙含量较高,氮、磷、钾含量较低;‘农大金猕’和‘金魁’叶片氮、钾均较低。猕猴桃叶片氮、磷、钾含量从坐果期至果实快速膨大期不断下降,之后在果实缓慢生长期和果实充实成熟期氮持续下降,钾维持稳定,磷则有所回升;叶片钙、镁、铁、锰、锌、硼含量均随着生长期的推进而呈升高趋势,但不同元素初始升高和后期稳定的时间点略有差别。叶片氮、磷与钾之间呈显著正相关,与钙、镁、铁、锌、硼之间呈显著负相关;钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌、硼等中微量元素之间多呈显著正相关。本研究为生产上不同猕猴桃品种的科学施肥和高效栽培提供了理论依据。     

淹水胁迫对不同品种猕猴桃生理特性的影响

探讨不同品种猕猴桃的耐涝性,以期为今后猕猴桃抗涝性研究提供参考。以美味猕猴桃‘米良1号’、中华猕猴桃‘红阳’和对萼猕猴桃‘猫人参’组培苗为材料,观察淹水胁迫对不同品种猕猴桃植株形态的影响,并测定叶片中叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸（PRO）、丙二醛（MDA）含量以及过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）等酶的活性和抗氧化能力。随着淹水时间的延长,‘猫人参’猕猴桃受涝害程度小于其他两个品种,‘猫人参’猕猴桃叶片中的总叶绿素含量变化幅度较小;3种猕猴桃叶片中的渗透调节物质可溶性蛋白、PRO和MDA不断增加,而叶片中的保护酶CAT、POD活性呈下降趋势,SOD活性在‘米良1号’、‘猫人参’猕猴桃叶片中呈下降趋势,而在‘红阳’猕猴桃叶片中呈增加趋势。其中‘猫人参’猕猴桃叶片中的SOD活性高于其他2个品种,一直维持在较高水平,其抗氧化能力也不断增强。     

采收时间对不同猕猴桃品种成熟品质的影响

正据《Scientia Horticulturae》的一篇研究报道(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108936),来自韩国江原国立大学园艺系的人员研究了采收时间对不同猕猴桃品种成熟品质的影响。研究人员分别在盛花后(DAFB)160、170和180天采收了绿肉猕猴桃品种"海沃德",黄肉猕猴桃品种"Haegeum"和红肉猕猴桃品种"红阳",并用100μL/kg乙烯处理以研究其在25℃下的后熟品质。     

套袋猕猴桃规范化栽培技术

<正>1套袋前的果园管理1.1选好园、选良种、选壮树。选择园貌整齐,综合管理水平高的果园。一般要求土壤比较肥沃,耕层有机质含量1.5%以上,地下水位在1米以下。果园群体结构和树体结构较好,生长健壮,结果平衡的盛果期树。品种应选择商品性状好,国内外市场需求量大,增值高的品种,如海沃德、徐香、金香、红阳等品种。1.2合理整形修剪。选用"T"型架架式,整形采用单主干上架,在主干     

中华猕猴桃三种花期优异雄株的选育

早熟型（早花型）、中熟型（中花型）、晚熟型（晚花型）为猕猴桃雄株花期的三种花期。在前期对江西省野生中华猕猴桃雄株种质资源地搜集、保存及评价的基础上,综合其花器性状、花粉性状及花期特征等,筛选出“早花型”、“晚花型”及“中花型”三种花期的中华猕猴桃优异雄株。早花型‘M11’优株,单花花粉量极大,达7.55×105个,花枝率100%,在江西省信丰地区3月底开花,花期12-15 d,与‘红阳’、‘东红’、‘赣红’等早熟品种花期相遇;中花型‘YS1’优株,花粉活力高,达78.61%,花枝率100%,在江西省奉新地区4月上旬开花,花期特长,达18-23 d,与‘金果’、‘徐香’、‘华优’、‘翠玉’等中熟品种花期相遇;晚花型‘M12’优株,花粉活力高,达75.55%,花枝率100%,在江西省信丰地区4月中旬开花,花期16-18 d,与‘金艳’、 ‘金魁’、‘海沃德’等晚熟品种花期相遇。     

中国育成的猕猴桃品种(系)及其系谱分析

为全面了解我国猕猴桃的育种成果,系统收集并分析了 1978-2018 年中国报道育成的 191 个猕猴桃品种(含品系,下同),并绘制了以主要品种为亲本育成品种的系谱关系图。育成的猕猴桃品种中,实生选种的147 个,(占76.96%),其他依次是杂交品种34 个(17.80%)、芽变选种8 个(4.19%)和诱变品种2 个(1.05%)。根据育成品种的种类分类,中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis) 101 个(占52.88%),其次为美味猕猴桃(A. deliciosa)54 个(28.27%);雌性品种 180 个,黄肉、绿肉和红肉品种分别占 46.67%、40.55%和12.78%;雄性授粉品种 11 个,占 5.76%。果实成熟期明确的 169 个品种中,早熟、中熟和晚熟品种分别占 24.26%、43.20%和32.54%。191 个育成品种共涉及直接亲本 181 个,其中野生种116 个(占64.09%),遗传贡献值为 60.73%。通过对其亲本的统计和分析,发现‘红阳’和‘海沃德’的衍生品种最多,分别为18 个和13 个,为我国猕猴桃育种中最主要的骨干亲本。     

羽扇豆套种增强猕猴桃对自然高温的抗性

据《北方园艺》2018年第24期《羽扇豆套种对猕猴桃叶片和果实丙二醛含量的影响》(作者王小玲等)报道,以江西奉新8年生的红阳、金艳和金魁猕猴桃为试材,采用羽扇豆套种的方法,研究了6—10月猕猴桃叶片和果实丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化,以期为不同品种猕猴桃抵抗自然高温胁迫提供参考依据。结果表明,自然生长过程中,红阳猕猴桃MDA含量最高,金魁次之,金艳最低。3种猕猴桃叶片MDA含量变化趋势为先升高后降低,其中红阳叶片MDA含量达到峰值的时间早于金艳和金魁。     

低温胁迫对紫花苜蓿叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响

以经过抗寒锻炼的盆栽不同抗寒紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种为材料,分别在室温和低温处理后(-8℃)测定不同秋眠型紫花苜蓿品种的叶绿素荧光参数,分析低温对不同苜蓿品种的冷害指数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:在低温胁迫后非秋眠型Dona Ana和Pierce的PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)显著降低,电子传递速率(ETR)减慢,实际光化学量子产量(Y)下降,叶片受低温胁迫较重;秋眠型Vernal和5246各荧光参数变化不大,而非秋眠型CUF101、极非秋眠型UC-1465非光化学淬灭(NPQ)值显著升高(P<0.05),其他的参数变化较小。低温胁迫很轻时,非光化学淬灭系数NPQ升高,说明耗散过剩的光能具有保护光合机构的作用。因此紫花苜蓿各荧光参数的变化与其抗寒特性密切相关。     

乌兰布和沙漠油蒿叶片PSⅡ叶绿素荧光动力学参数及其光响应曲线动态

本研究以内蒙古磴口原生油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)为对象,分析了7–9月生长期油蒿比叶面积、叶片氮含量、叶片PSⅡ荧光动力学参数及快速光响应曲线光合生理指标动态变化。结果表明,油蒿比叶面积(specific leaf area,SLA)在8月达到最大值,9月显著降低(P 0.05),叶氮含量(N_(mass))呈现相反的变化趋势;油蒿的初始荧光(F_o)、最大荧光(F_m)以及最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)在保持相对稳定;光下最小荧光产量(F_o′)和最大荧光产量(F_m′)以8月最高,9月显著下降(P 0.05);光合电子传递量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)及光化学猝灭(qP)随着光强的增加而降低,非光化学猝灭(NPQ)和光合电子传递速率(ETR)随光强的增加而增加;同光强作用下,油蒿叶片ETR和NPQ以9月最高,而8月最低。表明油蒿叶片具有相对较高的光能捕获和光抑制自我保护能力。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -