鸡尾葡萄柚在咸宁、宜昌、武汉的引种表现及栽培技术

通过调察鸡尾葡萄柚在湖北省咸宁市、宜昌市、武汉市的引种表现,结果表明,鸡尾葡萄柚成枝力强,早产性和丰产性强,抗病性和抗旱性较强,抗寒性中等,贮藏性能中等,果实综合经济性状表现优良,在咸宁、宜昌、武汉可作为花色品种适度规模发展。     

套袋影响鸡尾葡萄柚果实品质及病害

据《中国果树》2022年第1期《套袋对鸡尾葡萄柚果实品质及病害的影响》(作者黄秀等)报道,为解决因套袋造成果实品质下降的问题,研究了全程套袋以及采前拆袋对鸡尾葡萄柚果实品质的影响。结果表明,全程套袋、采前拆袋处理的果皮L*、a*、b*、CCI值均显著高于对照(未套袋).     

鸡尾葡萄柚在浙江上虞引种试验初报

为丰富上虞区水果品种结构,2017年从浙江衢州引进鸡尾葡萄柚进行引种试验,连续三年对鸡尾葡萄柚的物候期、生物学特性、生长习性等方面进行观察,结果表明,该葡萄柚在上虞具有种植前景。     

云南：泸水鸡尾葡萄柚新鲜上市

<正>本刊讯(施扬、李翠元,特约通讯员柏斌)近日,云南省怒江傈僳族自治州泸水市古登乡佑雅村的3.33 hm²多鸡尾葡萄柚迎来了丰收季,这标志着泸水市鸡尾葡萄柚首次规模化试种获得成功。青山绿水之间,佑雅村鸡尾葡萄柚种植基地里青柚挂满枝头,一幅丰收的画卷跃入眼帘。雨后的山中泥土散发着芳香,与柚果的清香交织在一起,空气中弥漫着宜人的香气。     

不同中间砧“红美人”栽培性状研究

以枳基砧大分温州蜜柑等7种中间砧的4年生小树进行高接“红美人”试验。结果表明,7种中间砧的嫁接口均愈合良好,生长健壮,树冠形成快,投产早,果实品质优,经济效益显著,高接第3年每667m2产量1320.5~2143.4kg、产值30371.5~49298.2元、纯利润20471.5~39398.2元。每667m2纯利润从高到低排序为大分温州蜜柑、满头红桔、椪柑、沃柑、鸡尾葡萄柚、媛小春、春香。成熟期果实可溶性固形物11.4%~14.5%,固酸比16.7~21.5。10月30日、11月20日、12月20日的风味口感排前三位的为媛小春、大分和满头红;翌年1月20日的风味口感排前三位的则为大分、满头红和媛小春。综合评价,以枳为基砧大分温州蜜柑、椪柑、满头红桔、春香、媛小春、沃柑、鸡尾葡萄柚作中间砧都适合高接换种“红美人”,大分温州蜜柑、满头红桔、椪柑的效益优于沃柑、鸡尾葡萄柚、媛小春和春香。     

不同砧木对葡萄柚生长、产量、果实品质和叶片营养的影响

正据《Scientia Horticulturae》的一篇研究报道(http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.07.013),来自印度农业研究所的水果和农业技术部的R.M.Sharma等人研究了砧木引起的葡萄柚的生长、产量、果实品质和叶片营养的差异。试验以马叙无核和红玉葡萄柚为接穗,嫁接于9种不同砧木上,种植在印度北部典型的亚热带气候区。由于砧木的影响,植株的长势、果实产量和品质、叶片营养含量出现显著差异。嫁接在酸橙砧上的马叙无核葡萄柚生长势最强(冠层体积     

南非葡萄柚在英国市场销售看好

今年南非葡萄柚主产区普遍遭受干旱袭击,葡萄柚果实较小,但果实含糖量和口感均比去年好。果实较小,正好迎合英国消费者的喜好。一家与英     

古巴葡萄柚浓缩汁因灾减产

据商务部土畜频道消息2008年初古巴遭遇台风袭击,不仅柑桔业受到重创,整个农业也遭受了较大影响。其中,葡萄柚植株受损十分严重,估计本产季古巴葡萄柚浓缩汁产量仅为正常年份的40％～50％。由于缺少加工原料,目前古巴仅有一个葡萄柚汁加工厂在生产,其余已经关闭停产。     

欧盟市场佛州葡萄柚供应紧张

据欧盟市场水果贸易商称,2011年欧盟市场的佛罗里达州葡萄柚供应是最紧张的一年。由于受霜冻和柑桔溃疡病影响,佛州葡萄柚大幅减产,加上气候干旱,葡萄柚生长受到影响,果实个头偏小,大果     

火焰葡萄柚在平和引种的初步评价

平和县于2013年引进种植火焰葡萄柚,经植物学特性、物候期观察、果实性状和品质测试,结果表明：火焰葡萄柚适合在平和栽培,综合表现为早结、丰产,但较琯溪蜜柚感柑橘溃疡病;果实色泽艳丽,多汁化渣,低固酸比等特点,可做为辅栽品种调剂发展;同时,根据不同采收期果实品质表现,建议11月中旬至12月中旬为火焰葡萄柚在平和县的成熟采收期。     

Grapefruit juice,lyophilized grapefruit juice,and powdered whole grapefruit inhibit cytochrome P450‐mediated triazolam hydroxylation by beagle dog liver microsomes

Hanley, M. J., Cerundolo, R., Radwanski, N., Court, M. H. Grapefruit juice, lyophilized grapefruit juice, and powdered whole grapefruit inhibit cytochrome P450‐mediated triazolam hydroxylation by beagle dog liver microsomes. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 33 , 189–195. Coadministration of grapefruit juice (GFJ) has been proposed to enhance the systemic availability and decrease the required dose of drugs such as cyclosporine that are extensively metabolized in the intestine and liver. Although GFJ inhibits human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A, effects on dog CYP have not yet been reported. Consequently, we determined whether GFJ inhibits triazolam hydroxylation by Beagle dog liver microsomes (DLM) using human liver microsomes (HLM) as positive control. Results were compared with the effects of lyophilized GFJ and commercially‐available powdered grapefruit capsules, which may be more convenient dosage forms. GFJ inhibited α‐hydroxytriazolam formation in both DLM and HLM with similar IC₅₀ (inhibitor concentration producing a 50% decrease in reaction velocity) values of 0.56% and 0.52% (v/v), respectively. Lyophilized GFJ and powdered grapefruit also inhibited DLM α‐hydroxytriazolam formation with IC₅₀ values of 0.76 and 1.2 mg/mL, respectively. Consistent with mechanism‐based enzyme inhibition, preincubation of DLM with any of the grapefruit products for 20 min resulted in significant enhancement of inhibition of triazolam α‐hydroxylation by 8–20%. The results indicate that 16 g of lyophilized GFJ or 23 g of powdered grapefruit would be equivalent to dosing 100 mL of GFJ. In vivo pharmacokinetic interaction studies are needed to confirm these in vitro findings.     

苹果柚标准化生产技术

苹果柚属地方名柚,其综合品质可以与沙田柚、琯溪蜜柚相媲美。为实现苹果柚优质丰产高效的生产目标,促进该产业可持续发展,需要为其制定果实质量指标,规范育苗、建园、田间管理、果实采收及采后商品化处理等标准化生产技术,并用其指导生产全过程。     

柚子苦味物质及其分析检测方法的概述

文章综合介绍了柚子中所含有的主要苦味物质的种类及分析检测方法的研究进展。简述了柚子中所含有的柚皮苷、橙皮苷及新橙皮苷等类黄酮化合物和柠檬苦素类似物的功能、性状、应用等,柚皮苷、橙皮苷及新橙皮苷等类黄酮化合物和柠檬苦素类似物在柚子不同部位和果汁中的含量。介绍了类黄酮化合物和柠檬苦素类似物的主要分析检测方法,介绍了液相色谱、气相色谱、质谱、核磁共振等色谱法在类黄酮化合物和柠檬苦素类似物的分析检测中的应用     

43个柑橘品种（品系/株系）受枸橘潜叶甲为害程度调查研究

采取随机抽样法,调查枸橘潜叶甲对枳、柚、柑、桔、甜橙、枸椽、杂柑及金柑等8大类共43个品种（品系/株系）为害虫情指数,其结果表明,不同柑橘种类或不同柑橘品种或品系均可受枸橘潜叶甲为害,但为害的程度存在着差异性,枳、柚受害最重,金柑、桔、杂柑类受害最轻,对其差异产生的原因亦作了初步分析。     

28种精油对蓝莓果蝇雌成虫趋避效果研究

分别利用28种植物精油对蓝莓雌果蝇做嗅觉实验,研究不同精油对蓝莓雌果蝇的趋避效果。结果表明：葡萄柚精油、尤加利精油、没药精油、杜松精油、欧薄荷精油、柠檬精油、天竺葵精油、茶树精油、丝柏精油和葡萄籽油对蓝莓雌果蝇有强烈驱避效果,驱避效果均达到80%以上,其中葡萄柚精油驱避效果最好,达到93%;而百里香精油、茴香精油和罗勒精油对蓝莓雌果蝇表现为较强的引诱性,引诱效果达到70%以上,其中罗勒精油引诱性最强,引诱效果为76.7%。     

葡萄柚酵母菌的分离鉴定及对青霉属致病菌的抑菌效果研究

对葡萄柚的果实、叶片、根际土壤进行酵母菌的分离、鉴定,通过体外、体内抑菌实验,筛选对葡萄柚青霉属致病菌最佳抑菌效果的拮抗酵母菌。通过形态特征和ITS、LSU序列分析,对分离于健康葡萄柚果实、叶片和根际土壤的供试菌株进行鉴定。通过体外抑菌实验,筛选出对青霉属病原菌有较好抑菌效果的拮抗酵母菌,并对其进行体内回接实验,检验其对病原菌的防治效果。结果从样品中分离得到5株酵母菌,其中2株(YY(1)、YY(2))分离于葡萄柚叶片,3株(nf(1)、nf(2)、nf(3))分离于葡萄柚果实,经鉴定分别为：YY(1)(Pseudozyma fusiformata)、YY(2)(Meira nashicola)、nf(1)(Moesziomyces antarcticus)、nf(2)(Meira nashicola)、nf(3)(Kwoniella mangroviensis)。体外抑菌实验表明YY(1)和nf(1)对病原菌JJ-1和YZ-3均有较好的抑菌效果,在第8d时,YY(1)对JJ-1和YZ-3抑菌率分别为55.2%和59%,nf(1)对JJ-1和YZ-3抑菌率分别为16.7%和26.63%。体内实验结果表明,果实接种96h小时,YY(1)对病原菌JJ-1和YZ-3的发病率均为12.5%,病斑抑制率分别为96%和93%;nf(1)对病原菌JJ-1和YZ-3的发病率均为25%,对发病果实病斑抑制率分别为66%和91%。试验表明,拮抗酵母菌YY(1)和nf(1)可以不同程度的降低果实的发病率,抑制果实的病斑直径。拮抗酵母菌YY(1)和nf(1)对病原菌JJ-1、YZ-3的抑菌效果较好。其中,拮抗酵母菌YY(1)对青霉属致腐菌JJ-1、YZ-3的抑菌效果最好,nf(1)次之。     

家蚕心形眼纹(ces)的遗传与基因定位研究

通过对家蚕基因资源库保存品系的性状调查,发现一种幼虫眼状纹变异——心形眼纹(cordiform eye-spot,ces),其特征是:幼虫眼纹呈倒心型,相当于正常型眼纹的中间部分,色浅。与正常型进行杂交试验,表明该突变为隐性遗传,外显率稍低;与各染色体标记基因进行连锁分析,确认突变基因ces属于第14染色体;育成青熟油蚕(oa)与ces的双隐性系统后,通过ces与oa和Nd-s(丝胶茧)的三点测验,初步将ces基因定位于家蚕连锁图谱第14连锁群的50.7 cM位点,表示为ces(14-50.7)。     

Sustained hypomyelination and high serum thyroid hormone in aged black tremor hamster

Oligodendrocytes and myelin in the corpus callosum of black tremor and normal hamsters aged over 1.5 years were ultrastructurally examined to determine the myelination index (ratio of myelin thickness/diameter of axon), percentage of naked axons, and proportions of oligodendroglial subtypes (light, medium and dark). The mutant hamsters were remarkably hypomyelinated, with a low myelination index and a high proportion of naked axons, and high proportions of the dark subtypes. Serum concentrations of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in 6-week-old mutant hamsters were 2-fold (T3) to 3-fold (T4) higher than those of age-matched normal animals. However, in the aged animals (over 1.5 years old) only T4 levels of the mutant hamsters were higher in the mutant than normal hamsters. The black tremor hamsters were hypomyelinated throughout their life and high serum level of thyroid hormones might have played a role in the hypomyelination.     

Response of chickens with genetically different hemoglobin types to infection with Eimeria tenella and mechanical bleeding.

The hematological and body-weight responses of chickens with mutant and normal hemoglobin types were compared under conditions of hematopoietic stress from coccidiosis infection as well as blood loss from mechanical bleeding. A dose of 100,000 Eimeria tenella oocysts caused a highly significant decrease (about 30%) in the packed cell volume, resulting in a severe anemia in all hemoglobin types. Hematological response to the anemia produced by the coccidiosis was similar for all three hemoglobin types. Although body weights and gain of all hemoglobin types infected with coccidiosis were significantly depressed, there was no differential response between the mutant and normal hemoglobin types. Mechanical bleeding resulted in a hypochromic normocytic anemia in all hemoglobin types. Ability to compenstate for blood loss was similar for the mutant and normal hemoglobin types.     

A pleiotropic effect of a mutant haemoglobin type in chickens

The growth rate, viability, and reproductive parameters of a mutant haemoglobin type in chickens were compared with that of normal and heterozygous types. There were no significant differences in the parameters of growth rate, adult body weight or the reproductive parameters of egg weight, fertility, percentage hatch‐ability or sexual maturity. Percentage egg production was significantly depressed in the mutant type compared with normal or heterozygote.